Centre for

Cement and Concrete

New Punching Shear Reinforcement

for Flat Slabs
Professor Kypros Pilakoutas
Professor Peter Waldron, Dr Maurizio Guadagnini
Centre for Cement and Concrete
The University of Sheffield, UK
Andrew Henderson
Director of World Wide Sales, Concrete Reinforcement Products
ERICO
 Outline

• Problem/Solutions

• Lenton® Shear Fortress

• Experiments

• Results

• Conclusions
 Shear Reinforcement

Conventional
Reinforcement Sausage Closed Inclined Shear
Links Hoop Reinforcement

• Difficult to anchor

• Difficult to install

• Does not facilitate prefabrication

 Systems

Stud-rail Systems

• Priority over flexural re-bar installation

• Conceptual issues
•System
•Anchorage
•Shear design
 Lenton® Steel Fortress
Τhe LSF on top of the upper
flexural reinforcement

s s
1”
depth
 Advantages
• Maximum effective depth
• Easy placement/ Adaptability
• Shear design based on Codes (e.g. ACI
318)
• Excellent anchorage
Testing work
• 1st Series (PSSA-D)
• 2nd Series (PSSF-H)
• Beam Tests (B1-B10)
• Slabs with holes (PSSH1-5)
• Slabs with FRP reinforcement
• Tests for ICC Certification (California)
• Cyclic tests (California)
 Testing Arrangement

6’ 7” top #5 @8”

8”

8”
Column 4#5
8” bottom #4 @8”
links 3# 2@20”
Testing Arrangement
FLAT SLAB TESTING

Loading Ring Frame

Reaction Frame Jacks

Loading Frame Column Stub

Reaction Ring Frame

Slab

Load Application
 Instrumentation

D5
S3
D4
RS3,4 D3
S2
S9 S8 S7 1 RS5,6 D2
RS7,8 D7 TS1 R850 mm 36”
S1 D8 D6
S4 D RS1 R600 mm 24”
2
S12 1 TS2 R400 mm 16”
S10 S11 RS2
S5 R250 mm 10”
D9

S6 D10

D11

Strain gauge location Displacement Measurements

 Control Slab PSSA

PSSA

PSI

4685

Slab Maximum Load Maximum Displacement

kN Kips mm inches
PSSA 454 102 11 0.45
PSSB and PSSC

SS4

SS3
SS1 SS2

SS6

SS5
PSSB
SS7
SS8

PSSB,C

PSSC
PSSD

SS6

SS5

SS1 SS2

SS4 SS3
SS7

SS8

PSSD
 Load - Deflection
600
120
500
100
Load (kN)

400

Load Kips
80
300
60
PSSA PSSB
200
40

100 PSSC PSSD

20

0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25

Displacement (mm) at D850

 Load - Strain

600

500
120

100

Load Kips
400
Load (kN)

80
300
PSSA
60
PSSB
200
S1 PSSC 40
PSSD
100
20

0 0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000
Microstrain in Flexural Bar
 PSSA to PSSD
Slab Maximum Maximum
Load Displacement

kN Kips mm inches
PSSA 454 102 11 0.45
PSSB 560 126 25 1.00
PSSC 560 126 24 0.95
PSSD 560 126 21 0.84

PSI

4685
 PSSB versus PSSC
600
120
500
100
400

Load Kips
Load (kN)

80
300 PSSB
60
200 PSSC 40

100 20

0 0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Microstrain on shear reinforcement
PSSE

SS12

SS7

SS1 SS6

PSSE
 PSSE versus PSSB
600
120
500 D850
100
400
Load (kN)

Load Kips
80
300
60

200 40 PSSE
100 20 PSSB
PSSA
0 0
5 10 15 20 25 30
Deflection (mm)
 PSSF and PSSG

SS7 SS12 SS7 SS9 SS10 SS12

SS1 SS6 SS1 SS6

PSSF PSSG
 Load - Deflection
600

500
120
100

Load Kips
400
Load (kN)

80
300
PSSE
60
PSSF
200
PSSG 40
100 PSSA
20
0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Displacement (mm) at D850

Slab Maximum Maximum

Load Displacement

kN Kips mm inches

PSSA 454 102 11 0.45

PSI PSSE 573 129 26 1.03

PSSF 598 134 30 1.19
6342 PSSG 590 133 28 1.09
 Load - Strain
600

500

400
Load (kN)

SS12

300 SS7

SS1 SS6

200 PSSE

100 SS3
SS9
0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
Microstrain in the Shear Reinforcement
 Strain Readings
9

6
Load (kN)

5
Cross-section with hole

4
Cross-section without hole
3

0
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000
Microstrain on the strip

•Strain normally measured at cross-section without hole to avoid

recording stress concentration due to hole
 PSSH

SS7 SS12

SS1 SS6

PSSH
More slabs with holes
 PSSH Load-Deflection
700

600

500
D11
Load (kN)

400
PSSG D11
300
PSSG D8
200 PSSH D11
PSSH D8
100

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Displacement (mm)

•PSSH capacity increased by more than 100%

 PSSH Load-Strain
600
PSSH
500

400
Load (kN)

300
SS2
200 SS7

100

0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
Strain on Strip
 Conclusions
The LSF:
• Prevents brittle punching shear failure
and leads to ductile behavior
• Fast and easy fixing; placed on top of
main reinforcement for max anchorage
• Can be designed as conventional shear
reinforcement
• Evidence of LSF yielding