Spillway Rating

Approach to hydraulic design of Diversion Tunnel:
The procedure to calculate the tunnel discharge is as follows:

1)-Determine the gross head (difference between water level in front of diversion tunnel
inlet and top of the diversion outlet).
2)-Reduce the gross head for friction and other loss by 40%, so that the net head is
60% of the gross head.
3)-From net head determine the velocity at the outlet of the diversion tunnel by using
formula
Where;
V=velocity in diversion tunnel (m3/sec).
g=acceleration due to gravity (m/sec2).
H=Net head at outlet (m).
4)-Knowing outlet velocity and d1 (the depth of the throttled outlet), calculate Froude’s
number.
5)-Knowing Froude’s number from item 4 above calculate conjugate depth from
following formulae:
Where;
d1=supercritical depth of flow (m).
d2=subcritical depth of flow (m).
F= Froude’s number.
6)-Subtract this conjugate depth from downstream water level in front of diversion
tunnel outlet. This will give the invert level at the outlet and hence the top level of the
outlet.
7)-Find out the Velocity through the throttled outlet and calculate the discharge
through the tunnels.
8)-If the discharge is less than the required discharge (10 years return period) then
lower the top of the outlet level to increase the head.
9)-Repeat this procedure till the discharge is equal to design discharge. If during this
procedure the top level of the outlet is depressed too much, then increase the cross-
section of the tunnels, and repeat above mentioned procedure till acceptable results are
obtained (to be judged from experience).
procedure the top level of the outlet is depressed too much, then increase the cross-
section of the tunnels, and repeat above mentioned procedure till acceptable results are
obtained (to be judged from experience).
Gahrait-Swir Lasht HPP (342 MW) Sheet 3 of 2
GAHRAIT-SWIR LASHT HYDROPOWER PROJECT (342 MW

CALCULATION SHEET
Contract: Feasibility Study of 340 MW Gahrait-Swir Lasht Hydropower Project
Component : River Diversion Scheme
Feature: Hydraulic Design of Diversion Tunnels & Coffer dams
Basic Design Parameters: Description Symbol
10 year return period flood Q 10year 1790
W.L 330 m u/s of dam axis W.L.U330 1325.03
B.L 330 m u/s of dam axis B.L.U330 1314.04
Depth of flow du/s 10.99
W.L 290 m d/s of dam W.L.D290 1313.52
B.L 290 m d/s of dam B.L.D290 1307.00
Depth of flow dD/s 6.52
d/s Tunnel top Tp 1311.0
invert level at outlet 1307.00
Length of Tunnel L 625
Manning's roughness cofficient n 0.012
No of Diversion Tunnels Nt 4.00
Up stream Coffer Dam:
U/s Cofferdam height Hc 10.00
Side slopes (horizontal) S 2.00
Crest Width W 5.00
Total width of Coffer Dam Wt 45.00
B.L 330 m u/s of dam axis B.L.U330 1314.04


CALCULATION SHEET

Crest level of coffer dam C.L(coffer) 1324.04
Free Board F.b 0.30
W.L at u/s coffer dam W.L(coffer) 1323.74
Down Stream Coffer Dam:
d/s Cofferdam height Hc 7.00
Side slopes (horizontal) S 2.00
Crest Width W 5.00
Total width of Coffer Dam Wt 33.00
B.L 290 m d/s of dam B.L.D290 1307.00
Crest level of coffer dam C.L(coffer) 1314.00
Free Board F.b 0.30
W.L at u/s coffer dam W.L(coffer) 1313.70


CALCULATION SHEET

Diversion Tunnel Geometrical Characterstics:
Tunnel width W 8.00
Tunnel Height H 4.0
Tunnel upper radius r 4.00
Tunnel area At 57.133
Tunnel perimeter P 28.566
Hydraulic radius R 2.000
Hydraulic radius (factor) R4/3 2.520

Diversion Tunnel Outlet Geometrical Characterstics:
A 51.42
Throttled area
H 4.000
assumed height
assumed width W 12.85
Hs 4.00
selected height
Actual area Ac 51.42
Losses Through Diversion Tunnel

Friction loss cofficient 29.10 n2 (L/r(4/3)) 0.699
entrance loss cofficient ke 0.16
Stop Log loss cofficient kt 0.10
Transition loss cofficient kc 0.13
expanstion loss cofficient ke 0.13
stoplog loss coefficient kt 0.10
gate loss coefficient kg 0.10
Outlet loss cofficient ko 1.0
Total loss cofficient Kt 2.419
Velocity V 10.164

CALCULATION SHEET

Calculation of Outlet Invert Level:
Head across Hg 12.74
Depth of flow d1 4.00
Velocity through outlet V 10.164
Froude Number F 1.623
Capacity Check for Outlets
Vo 11.3
Velocity through outlet
QO 580.7
Discharge through one Outlet
Q=Qox N 2322.839
Discharge through All Outlet
ER PROJECT (342 MW)

No. of Sheets Rev.:
20
ect By: Date:
Haroon Abid 9-Oct-13
Checked: Date:
M.Iqbal Gill 9-Oct-13
unit References
m3/sec "10 year Return Period Flood"
m.a.s.l "Hec-Ras"
m.a.s.l
-do-
m du/s=W.L.U120-B.L.U120
m.a.s.l
"Hec-Ras"
m.a.s.l
-do-
m dd/s=W.L.U200-B.L.U200
m Provided
m Provided
m "as per original layout"
Maximum n value for concrete pipe or

- cast-in- place conduit
(USBR-Design of small dams,page-457)
W
m W.L(coffer)
m Hc
m Rockfill
m Wt
ER PROJECT (342 MW)

No. of Sheets Rev.:
20
ect By: Date:
Checked: Date:
m C.L(coffer)=B.L.U120+Hc
m W.L(coffer)=C.L(coffer)-0.30
m
W
m W.L(coffer)
m
Hc
m Rockfill
m Wt
m
ER PROJECT (342 MW)

No. of Sheets Rev.:
20
ect By: Date:
Checked: Date:
m D-Shaped
m
r
m
m2
H
m
m
W
-
m2 Ao=0.90XAt
m H
m2
W
- (USBR-Design of small dams,page-468)

-
-
-
-
m/sec
ER PROJECT (342 MW)

No. of Sheets Rev.:
20
ect By: Date:
Checked: Date:
m Hg=W.L(coffer)-Tp
m d1= height of outlet
m/sec
m/sec
m3/sec
ok
GAHRAIT-SWIR LASHT HYDROPOWER PROJECT (342 MW)

CALCULATION SHEET
Component : Tunnel Spillway
Feature: Hydraulic Design of Tunnel Spillway
Basic Design Parameters: Description Symbol unit
1000 year return period flood Q 1000 year 3538 m3/sec
d/s Tunnel top Tp 1310.7 m
invert level at outlet 1306.70 m

Length of Tunnel L 360 m
Manning's roughness cofficient n 0.012 -
No of Diversion Tunnels Nt 3.00 -
Maximum Reserviour Level M.R.L 1341.00 m
Tunnel width W 8.90 m
Tunnel Height H 4.45 m
Tunnel upper radius r 4.45 m
Tunnel area At 70.711 m2
Tunnel perimeter P 31.780 m
Hydraulic radius R 2.225 m
Hydraulic radius (factor) R4/3 2.905 -

A 63.64 m2
Throttled area
H 4.000 m
assumed height
assumed width W 15.91 m
Hs 4.00 m
selected height
Actual area Ac 63.64 m2


CALCULATION SHEET

Friction loss cofficient 29.10 n2 (L/r(4/3)) 0.350 -
entrance loss cofficient ke 0.16 -
Stop Log loss cofficient kt 0.10 -
Transition loss cofficient kc
Outlet loss cofficient ko 1.0 -
Total loss cofficient Kt 2.120 -
Velocity V 16.748 m/sec
Head across Hg 30.30 m
Depth of flow d1 4.00 m
Velocity through outlet V 16.748 m/sec
Froude Number F 2.674 -
Velocity through outlet Vo 18.6 m/sec
Discharge through one Outlet QO 1184.2 m3/sec
Discharge through All Outlet Q=Qox N 3553 m3/sec

OJECT (342 MW)

No. of Sheets Rev.:
20
By: Date:
Checked: Date:
References
"1000 year Return Period Flood"
provided
"as per original layout"

Maximum n value for steel line pipe or
(considering 4m surcharge above

Reservoir Level)
D-Shaped
Ao=0.90XAt
OJECT (342 MW)

No. of Sheets Rev.:
20
By: Date:
Checked: Date:
Hg=W.L(coffer)-Tp
d1= height of outlet H
ok

CALCULATION SHEET
Basic Design Parameters: Description Symbol unit
1000 year return period flood Q 1000 year 3538 m3/sec
d/s Tunnel top Tp 1310.5 m
invert level at outlet 1307.00 m

Length of Tunnel L 261.5 m
Manning's roughness cofficient n 0.012 -
No of Diversion Tunnels Nt 4.00 -
Maximum Reserviour Level M.R.L 1341.00 m
Tunnel width W 7.60 m
Tunnel Height H 3.80 m
Tunnel upper radius r 3.80 m
Tunnel area At 51.576 m2
Tunnel perimeter P 27.142 m
Hydraulic radius R 1.900 m
Hydraulic radius (factor) R4/3 2.354 -

A 47.97 m2
Throttled area
H 3.500 m
assumed height
W 13.70 m
assumed width
Hs 3.50 m
selected height
Actual area Ac 47.97 m2


CALCULATION SHEET

Friction loss cofficient 29.10 n2 (L/r(4/3)) 0.313 -
entrance loss cofficient ke 0.16 -
Stop Log loss cofficient kt 0.10 -
Transition loss cofficient kc
Outlet loss cofficient ko 1.0 -
Total loss cofficient Kt 1.903 -
Velocity V 17.731 m/sec
Head across Hg 30.50 m
Depth of flow d1 3.50 m
Velocity through outlet V 17.731 m/sec
Froude Number F 3.254 -
Velocity through outlet Vo 19.1 m/sec
Discharge through one Outlet QO 914.5 m3/sec
Discharge through All Outlet Q=Qox N 3658 m3/sec

OJECT (342 MW)

No. of Sheets Rev.:
20
By: Date:
Checked: Date:
References
"1000 year Return Period Flood"
provided
"as per original layout"

Maximum n value for steel line pipe or
(considering 4m surcharge above

Reservoir Level)
D-Shaped
Ao=0.93XAt
2 gates (6.85 m x 3.5 m) with 3 m pier in

between
OJECT (342 MW)

No. of Sheets Rev.:
20
By: Date:
Checked: Date:
Hg=W.L(coffer)-Tp
d1= height of outlet H
ok
Table-9.9 Discharge Calculations of Tunnel Spillway
Reservior level Head Across Velocity in Tunnel Velocity in Tunnel
(m.asl) (m) (m/sec) Outlet (m/sec)
1312 1.5 3.93 4.23

1313 2.5 5.08 5.46
1314 3.5 6.01 6.46
1315 4.5 6.81 7.32
1316 5.5 7.53 8.10
1317 6.5 8.19 8.80
1318 7.5 8.79 9.45
1319 8.5 9.36 10.07
1320 9.5 9.90 10.64
1321 10.5 10.40 11.19
1322 11.5 10.89 11.71
1323 12.5 11.35 12.21
1324 13.5 11.80 12.68
1325 14.5 12.23 13.15
1326 15.5 12.64 13.59
1327 16.5 13.04 14.02
1328 17.5 13.43 14.44
1329 18.5 13.81 14.85
1330 19.5 14.18 15.25
1331 20.5 14.54 15.63
1332 21.5 14.89 16.01
1333 22.5 15.23 16.38
1334 23.5 15.56 16.74
1335 24.5 15.89 17.09
1336 25.5 16.21 17.43
1337 26.5 16.53 17.77
1338 27.5 16.84 18.10
1339 28.5 17.14 18.43
1340 29.5 17.44 18.75
1341 30.5 17.73 19.07
Tunnel Spillway Rating Curve

1345
Tunnel Spillway Rating Curve Reservoir Level =1341.00 (
1340
1335
1330
Level (m.asl)
1325
1320
1340
1335
1330
Reservoir Level (m.asl)

1325
1320
1315
1310
1305
1300
1295
500.00 1000.00 1500.00 2000.00 2500.00 3000.00
Discharge through four Tunnels (cumecs)
Variation of Velocities in Tunnel

1345
Variation of Velocities in Tunnel
1340
1335
1330
Reservoir Level (m.asl)
1325
1320
1315
1310
1305
1300
1295
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00
Velocity in Tunnel (m/sec)
s of Tunnel Spillway
Discharge through Discharge through
Single Tunnel four tunnels
(cumecs) (cumecs)
202.81 811.23
261.82 1047.30
309.79 1239.18
351.27 1405.10
388.35 1553.39
422.18 1688.72
453.49 1813.97
482.78 1931.12
510.39 2041.56
536.58 2146.32
561.55 2246.20
585.46 2341.83
608.43 2433.70
630.56 2522.23
651.94 2607.75
672.64 2690.56
692.72 2770.89
712.24 2848.96
731.24 2924.94
749.75 2999.00
767.82 3071.28
785.47 3141.89
802.74 3210.95
819.64 3278.56
836.20 3344.80
852.44 3409.75
868.37 3473.49
884.02 3536.08
899.40 3597.59
914.51 3658.05
ting Curve
eservoir Level =1341.00 (masl)
m
D
u
=
s
c
3
5
9
6
e
c
s
r
i
2500.00 3000.00 3500.00 4000.00

nnels (cumecs)
s in Tunnel
.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00

m/sec)

Spillway Rating

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Approach to hydraulic design of Diversion Tunnel:

The procedure to calculate the tunnel discharge is as follows:

GAHRAIT-SWIR LASHT HYDROPOWER PROJECT (342 MW

Component : River Diversion Scheme

Feature: Hydraulic Design of Diversion Tunnels & Coffer dams

Basic Design Parameters: Description Symbol

10 year return period flood Q 10year 1790

W.L 330 m u/s of dam axis W.L.U330 1325.03

B.L 330 m u/s of dam axis B.L.U330 1314.04

Depth of flow du/s 10.99

W.L 290 m d/s of dam W.L.D290 1313.52

B.L 290 m d/s of dam B.L.D290 1307.00

Depth of flow dD/s 6.52

d/s Tunnel top Tp 1311.0

invert level at outlet 1307.00

Length of Tunnel L 625

Manning's roughness cofficient n 0.012

No of Diversion Tunnels Nt 4.00

Up stream Coffer Dam:

U/s Cofferdam height Hc 10.00

Side slopes (horizontal) S 2.00

Crest Width W 5.00

Total width of Coffer Dam Wt 45.00

B.L 330 m u/s of dam axis B.L.U330 1314.04

GAHRAIT-SWIR LASHT HYDROPOWER PROJECT (342 MW

Component : River Diversion Scheme

Feature: Hydraulic Design of Diversion Tunnels & Coffer dams

Free Board F.b 0.30

W.L at u/s coffer dam W.L(coffer) 1323.74

Down Stream Coffer Dam:

d/s Cofferdam height Hc 7.00

Side slopes (horizontal) S 2.00

Crest Width W 5.00

Total width of Coffer Dam Wt 33.00

B.L 290 m d/s of dam B.L.D290 1307.00

Crest level of coffer dam C.L(coffer) 1314.00

Free Board F.b 0.30

W.L at u/s coffer dam W.L(coffer) 1313.70

GAHRAIT-SWIR LASHT HYDROPOWER PROJECT (342 MW

Component : River Diversion Scheme

Feature: Hydraulic Design of Diversion Tunnels & Coffer dams

Tunnel width W 8.00

Tunnel Height H 4.0

Tunnel upper radius r 4.00

Tunnel area At 57.133

Tunnel perimeter P 28.566

Hydraulic radius R 2.000

Hydraulic radius (factor) R4/3 2.520

assumed width W 12.85

Actual area Ac 51.42

Losses Through Diversion Tunnel

GAHRAIT-SWIR LASHT HYDROPOWER PROJECT (342 MW

Component : River Diversion Scheme

Feature: Hydraulic Design of Diversion Tunnels & Coffer dams

Head across Hg 12.74

Depth of flow d1 4.00

Velocity through outlet V 10.164

Froude Number F 1.623

Capacity Check for Outlets

ER PROJECT (342 MW)

m3/sec "10 year Return Period Flood"

m "as per original layout"

Maximum n value for concrete pipe or