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ME141203 Engineering Drawing & CAD: Chapter 02 Line, Tools and Software
ME141203 Engineering Drawing & CAD: Chapter 02 Line, Tools and Software
ME141203 Engineering Drawing & CAD: Chapter 02 Line, Tools and Software
Page 1
Contents
Line Types
Tools & Software
Drawing sheet
Scale
Lettering
Line types
Meaning of Lines
Line Conventions
• Visible Lines – solid thick lines that represent visible edges or contours
• Hidden Lines – short evenly spaced dashes that depict hidden features
• Section Lines – solid thin lines that indicate cut surfaces
• Center Lines – alternating long and short dashes
• Dimensioning
– Dimension Lines ‐ solid thin lines showing dimension extent/direction
– Extension Lines ‐ solid thin lines showing point or line to which dimension applies
– Leaders – direct notes, dimensions, symbols, part numbers, etc. to features on
drawing
• Cutting‐Plane and Viewing‐Plane Lines – indicate location of cutting planes for sectional
views and the viewing position for removed partial views
• Break Lines – indicate only portion of object is drawn. May be random “squiggled” line or
thin dashes joined by zigzags.
• Phantom Lines – long thin dashes separated by pairs of short dashes indicate alternate
positions of moving parts, adjacent position of related parts and repeated detail
• Chain Line – Lines or surfaces with special requirements
1
2 3 C4enter
Line
Dimension
Extension
line
Line
5
Hidden Line
6
Break Line
7Cutting-plane
Line
8
Visible Line
9
1C0enter Line (of
motion)
Leader
1 P4hantom
Line
1 S3ection
Line
S 1E2CTION V11IEW
B-B
A-A
Preparation of tools
Using of tools
Software
Tools to be prepared
Paper
1. Place a paper close to the left edge of a
table where a drafter can work conveniently.
2. Place a T-square.
needle lead
Using the Tools
Contents
Drawing tools
22
Pencil
Grading and classification
9H 8H 7H 6H 5H 4H 3H 2H H F HB B 2B 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8B 9B
Hardest → Medium → Softest
Tone US World
#1 B
#2 HB
#21⁄2 * F
#3 H
#4 2H
* Also seen as 2-4/8, 2.5, 2-5/10
23
Function of the tools
1. T-square
Straight line
2. Triangles
T-square and triangles can be used together to draw
an inclined line with 15o increment, i.e. 15o, 30o, 45o,
60o, 75o, 90o, 105o, 120o, 135o, 150o, 165o, 180o etc.
3. Compass
Arc, Circle
4. Circle template
To keep your drawing clean
Do Don’t
Using a compass
1. Locate the center of the circle to be drawn.
Draw two intersecting lines.
2. Adjust the distance between a needle and a lead
to be a radius of the circle.
3. Set the needle point at the circle’s center.
Using a compass
4. Start circle. Apply enough pressure to the needle,
holding the compass handle between thumb and index
fingers.
5. Complete circle. Revolve the handle clockwise.
Using a template
1. Draw two perpendicular lines that pass through center of
a circle to be drawn.
2. Align all markings on template with the center lines.
Given
Center of a circle to be drawn
Visible line
Construction line
Draw a line through the given points
Explanations
Given
1. Place the pencil tip at one of the
given points.
A 2. Place the triangle against the
pencil tip.
play
Draw a horizontal line
1. Press the T-square head against the left edge
of the table.
2. Smooth the blade to the right.
Draw a horizontal line
3. Lean the pencil at an angle about 60o with the paper
in the direction of the line and slightly “toed in”.
4. Rotate the pencil slowly while moving the pencil
from left to right.
Draw a horizontal line
5. Move T-square up or down to draw another
horizontal line.
Draw a vertical line
1. Set T-square as before.
Place any triangle on T-square edge.
2. Use your left hand to hold both T-square and triangle
in position.
Draw a vertical line
3. Lean the pencil to the triangle.
4. Draw the line upward while rotating the pencil slowly.
Draw a line at 30o with horizontal
1. Place 30o-60o triangle on the T-square edge and press
them firmly against the paper.