Electrostatic Precipitator

Training Seminar

Practical Electrical Concept

CONTENTS

1. Overview control system

2. Control equipment

3. Control Principle

4. AVC function

5. Integrated Process Control System

Overview control system
1. Overview Control System
Control signal Control panel
Controller T/R set
V A kV mA
Feedback

Single field ESP

T/R set
1. Overview Control System
Three fields ESP
To Plant DCS (Distributed control system)

Remote RS-485
Control

RJ-
45
PMS

I/O
DCSI
Opacity

RS-485 / Fiber
PLC
optic
/ Ethernet

Inlet Outlet

m m m
1. Overview Control System
AVC (Automatic voltage controller)
SCR Transformer/Rectifier Set
Current Limiting
Reactor (CLR)
AC Power

Primary Voltage Meter (AC)

+
V
–

Voltage
Divider
Primary Current A
Meter (AC)

Secondary Current – Secondary Voltage

Firing Circuit +
Meter (DC) Meter (DC)
mA kV
– +
Microprocessor
Control Module Signal Precipitator
Resistor

Automatic Voltage Controller Signal

Resistor
1. Overview Control System
AVC (Automatic voltage controller)
SCR Transformer/Rectifier Set
Current Limiting
Reactor (CLR)
AC Power

Primary Voltage Meter (AC)

+
V
–

Voltage
Divider
Primary Current A
Meter (AC) Secondary Current Secondary Voltage
Meter (DC) Meter (DC)
Firing Circuit + –
mA kV
– +
Microprocessor
Control Module Signal Precipitator
Resistor

Automatic Voltage Controller Signal

Resistor
 1. Overview Control System
AVC (Automatic voltage controller)
Breaker Transformer/Rectifier Set

Control
AVC board panel
Control equipment
2. Control Equipment
SCR

Voltage
Divider

Inlet
Outlet

KV

mA
Fan
2. Control Equipment

Voltage SCR
Divider

Inlet
Outlet

KV

mA
Fan
 2. Control Equipment
 T/R set: provide kV and mA feedback to controller
 Controller main board: located in control panel
 Keypad: graphic user interface

Interface board
 DCSI = Distributed Control Systems Interface:
forward signal to remote area (CCR)

Single phase
power cable
 2. Control
Where Equipment
is AVC?...GVC
Inside control panel

Keypad

AVC
(Control board)

SCR
(Silicon control rectifier)
2. Control Equipment
Other electrical components wiring and control through control panel

 Heater: insulator, hopper, purge air

fan
 Motor: rapping system, hopper
vibrator, fan blower
 HV panel and auxiliary control panel
are used for ESP application
Control principle
 3. Control Principle
Conventional TR / AVC

8.33 Milliseconds HF T/R: 30μsec

1 Half Cycle (H/C) (0.03 msec)
(10 msec at 50Hz)

+ Power On

– Time

Conduction
Angle 90º

0º 90º 180º 270º

360º
3. Control Principle
Spark & Arc

1 Arc

2 Sparks 1 Arc

Spark Spark Spark Spark Spark

User defined: 30ms 10ms 15ms Time

3. Control principle
Principle of high voltage control-DC mode

Ramp (Slope) Two sparks within Spk Int.

Fast Ramp setting cause Arc Quench
Slow Ramp
Spark Setback

Vmean

Recovery
Deion Time
(Arc Quench)

Time
3. Control Principle
Current Control Mode

Control mA lower than the Spark

Spark
level

mA

Step
When meets no spark
mA step up gradually

Time
3. Control Principle
3. Control Principle
AVC function and feature
4. AVC Function
Setting
• Primary voltage :
Control the amount of power, Prevent under & over voltage
• Primary current :
Control the amount of power, Ensure SCR condtion
• Sec. voltage :
Control the amount of power, Prevent under & over voltage,
Detect back corona
• Sec. current :
Detect spark and arc
• Cond. Angle: how long SCR is conducting
(90˚ to 160˚)
4. AVC Function
Control function
► FR: Fast recovery mode, restore power quickly
► IE: Intermittent energization, to pulse the SCR
► BC: Back corona
► DC: Operated manually

Alarm option
 Over voltage SCR Unbalance
 Over current On/Off Starts
 Spark Under voltage
 T/R Hi Temp SCR Hi Temp
4. AVC Function

Alarm
4. AVC Function
Features of Modern AVC Controller
 Rapping Control
 Auto V-I curve plotting
 Oscilloscope Analysis
 Parameter Recall
 Networking/Remote Communication Capability
4. AVC Function
Spark Response

 Set back, Spark rate, Ramp (Recovery)

 Spark sensitivity

Arc Response
 SCR: Conducting angle = 0
 Quenching and kV = 0
 Ramp
4. AVC Function
Spark response and Quench
 4. AVC Function
Problem analysis case 1: low spark response

Spark Spark 1

Spark 2

How to know Spark sensitivity is too high or low ?

Quench
Quench
4. AVC Function
Problem analysis case 2: fast spark response

Spark

Quench

Quench
Integrated control system
5. Integrated Process Control System
CCR / DCS

HMI: Human–machine interface CCR

GUI: Graphic user interface
WUI: Web user interface

Local Control Room

GATEWAY MMI GATEWAY MMI

RS232 RS232

PLC PLC
AVC AVC AVC AVC AVC AVC AVC AVC AVC AVC

ESP

Digital / Analogue I/O : Digital / Analogue I/O :

 Air Purging Fan  Air Purging Fan
 Heaters  Heaters
 Hopper Level Sw  Hopper Level Sw
 Hopper Vibrators  Hopper Vibrators
 Blowers  Blowers
 Others  Others
 5. Integrated Process Control System

Malaysia Kapar Power Station (KEV), 16 sets -Retrofit

5. Integrated Process Control System
5. Integrated Process Control System

Secondary Current (mA) Secondary Voltage (kV) Generation Load (MW) Opacity (%)

Spark Rate Rapper 1 / 2 On-Off