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Practical
Goat Raising
GOATS ARE COMMONLY
KNOWN AS

“POOR MAN’S COW”

“LIVING MOWERS”
NOW
“LIVING ASSETS”
(GOAT IS GOLD)
 POTENTIALS OF GOAT
RAISING
Animals Capital Feed Housing Overall Integration Market Diseases Contri. in
Expense Expense Mgt. Nutrition
Broiler OK
X X X X X X X
Layer OK
X X X X X X X
Duck OK
X X X X X X X
Fattener OK
(Swine)
X X X X X X X
Breeder OK
(Swine)
X X X X X X X
Cattle LESS LESS OK
X X X
Carabao LESS LESS OK
X X X
Goat LESS LESS LESS EASY OK LESS
VG OK
Sheep LESS LESS LESS EASY OK LESS OK
 GOAT INVENTORY (as of 2010)
Total Head Count: By Farm Type:

4250
Population (‘000 head)

4200
4,182,500 4,177,700 Backyard
4150
Commercial
4100 98.53
4050
4000
3950 3,929,200

3900
3850 1.47
3800
2008 2009 2010
Year
Goat Inventories 2010 (BAS)

2009 2010 %Change

%Share
Jul Jan Jul Jul
Total 4182.5 4177.7 3929.2 (6.05)
100.00

Backyard 4224.4 4131.4 3871.5 (8.35)

98.53

Commercial 41.7 46.3 57.6 38.13

1.47
Source: FGASPAPI, 2010
 GOAT: Quarterly Inventory by Region, 2009-2010
(in heads) (BAS, 2010)
INVENTORY PERCENT CHANGE
REGION 2009 2010 2010/2009
JAN 1 JUL 1 JAN 1 JUL 1 P JAN 1 JUL 1 P

PHILIPPINES 4,222,234 4,224,217 4,177,721 3,929,167 (1.05) (6.98)

LUZON 1,561,804 1,577,936 1,573,670 1,483,506 0.76 (5.98)

CAR 62,478 67,290 64,659 65,118 3.49 (3.23)
REGION I 527,761 520,350 494,057 455,208 (6.39) (12.52)
REGION II 137,453 131,253 130,485 116,853 (5.07) (10.97)
REGION III 321,286 345,556 349,823 354,683 8.88 2.64
CALABARZON 222,857 223,941 231,167 220,363 3.73 (1.60)
MIMAROPA 168,396 162,729 173,682 159,213 3.14 (2.16)
REGION V 121,573 126,817 129,797 112,068 6.76 (11.63)

VISAYAS 1,258,269 1,256,326 1,265,291 1,180,099 0.56 (6.07)

REGION VI 606,039 603,327 604,618 574,408 (0.23) (4.79)
REGION VII 533,949 540,972 550,889 507,162 3.17 (6.25)
REGION VIII 118,281 112,027 109,784 98,529 (7.18) (12.05)

MINDANAO 1,402,161 1,389,955 1,338,760 1,265,562 (4.52) (8.95)

REGION IX 160,460 155,223 118,869 114,415 (25.92) (26.29)
REGION X 239,847 240,674 241,955 236,342 0.88 (1.80)
REGION XI 374,783 384,899 391,559 383,410 4.48 (0.39)
REGION XII 293,958 271,185 256,718 249,028 (12.67) (8.17)
CARAGA 71,490 65,852 61,143 56,277 (14.47) (14.54)
A R M M 261,623 272,122 268,516 226,090 2.63 (16.92)

P- Preliminary
Current Situation
Goat population – 3.929M goats (BAS, July 2010)

Ave. Mature Live Weight of Philippine goat – 18 to

20kilos

Average Carcass Weight at 2 years old – 8 kilos

Per Capita consumption – 0.34kg (BAS)

Annual Goat Meat Production – 78K MT LW(BAS)

No. of heads slaughtered - 9,750 heads/yr
Production Estimates by Region
% Share
Luzon - 14,446K MT - 36.95

Visayas - 9,413K MT - 24.07

Mindanao - 15,242K MT - 38.98

Top Goat Producing Regions*:

REGION BACKYARD COMMERCIAL TOTAL % CONTRIBUTION

Region VI
(Western
Visayas) 547,431 3,000 550,431 14.79
Region I (Ilocos
Region) 490,242 1,193 491,435 13.21
Region VII (Central
Visayas) 469,224 2,337 471,561 12.67
Region XI (Davao
Region) 332,290 3,358 335,648 9.02
Region IV
(Southern
Tagalog) 292,123 1,630 293,753 7.9

*- Regions Producing the top 58% of the total Philippine Goat Population
Introduction
• Goats are important elements on the pathway out of
poverty for people in Central Luzon;

• Important for the poorest livestock keepers and for the

landless who could start to raise livestock;

• With the presence of SRC, CLSU, TCA, SUCs, DA-RFU 3,

OPVets, LGUs, strong support to farmers were given on
integrated goat management (FLS-IGM);

• Linkage with PCARRD, BAI, LDC and other gov’t agencies

were tapped.
 Uses of Goats

Add-in Enterprises

Meat Products

Organic Manure

Milk Source

Cash Crop Protein Source

 Current Status of the Goat Industry
in the Philippines

Limited stock Backyard Farming

For family use

Limited buck

Low reproduction
 The National Goat S&T Program
ISP Targets 2020
i preweaning mortality 25 – 10 %
h slaughter weight 15 – 30 kg
i kidding interval 9 – 8 mos.
National h natural conception rate 80 – 95 % Regional
R&D Programs on Goats R&D Programs on Goats
RED CLARRDEC
Program (Feed resources
Goat Farm & technology
Performance Alternative Transfer)
Program Technology
Options CVARRD
Development
(AI & Chevon
of Herbal
Processing)
Drugs Halal
Project Goat
Program
Other goat-focused
Private sector-led programs
programs
IEC, CIN
Enhancing
Supply
Breeder Meat cut
demand
for ANFR Chain
E- FLS-
Impact learning
importation Goat Goat fabrication grads thru
Assess. STBF-
IGM
congresses shows S&T goat

making Goats RED... a community-based approach to the transformation of rural assets

Courtesy of Dr. Wilson Cervito
Why Raise
Goats?
 Why Raise Goats?
 Small initial investment;
 Can integrate with crop-based farming system;
Provides meat, milk and skin for processing
into high-value products;
Short period of getting the ROI;
Goat manure is used as fertilizer;
They thrive in marginal vegetations; fodder in
rainy days;
Wives and children can handle goats; they
docile.
Why Raise Goats?cont..
Have inherent advantages over other ruminants
Mature earlier; higher fertility (8 months);
Capable of multiple births; have shorter
gestation period
Can be milked for 5 months
First kid crop-less than a year
Popular for kilawen, papaitan, caldereta
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE

Increasing demand for

goat and sheep meat
Prospects and Opportunities:
- Demand for meat, milk and products are
increasing but supply is low.
- Price is increasing every year
- Chevon has a high water holding capacity and is
therefore very suitable in meat processing.
- Offers a good source of sustained income
- Technologies on improved goat production and
processing are now being available
History of the Goat
The modern
domesticated goat is
believed to be the
first livestock
domesticated by man
about 10,000 years
ago.

It descended from the

Bezoar goat Capra
aegagrus from South
West Asia.
The Goat Breeds
Over the years, goats were bred according to the
type or product they are about to produce:
- Meat (Chevon)
- Dairy
- Cashmere/ Leather
- Miscellaneous Breeds
Some Exotic Breeds

Angora Goats
-bred for their fine
cashmere that is
processed into
various kinds of
apparel
-can also be made as
pets.
Pygmy Goats
- miniature goats most
suitable as pets
- only stands 16-23
inches at the whithers.
Playing Dead?
Fainting Goats
-More or less the
size of a native
goat.
-Meat breed
Goat Breeds Commonly Found in the
Philippines
Anglo- Nubian
Anglo-nubian
• developed in Great
Britain of native
milking stock and
goats from the Middle
East and North Africa
• due to Middle-Eastern
heritage, can live in
very hot climates and
have longer breeding
season
ANGLO-NUBIAN (Nubian)
• distinguishing
characteristics: large,
pendulous ears and a
"Roman" nose
• Because of its elongated
ears and sleek body, the
Nubian has a variety of
nicknames, including "Lop-
eared Goat", "Rabbit
Goat", "Long-eared Goat"
and "Greyhound Goat"
 Anglo-nubian
• has different colors with long,
floppy ears, convex nose, and
large structure;
• large in size and carries more
flesh than other dairy breeds
• temperament is sociable,
outgoing, and vocal
ANGLO-NUBIAN (Nubian)
• Large; size makes it a
very useful dual
purpose animal
o does – 60 kg,
30 inches (76 cm)
o bucks –75 kg,
35 inches (88 cm)
• high butterfat, 5% or
more;
but produces less
volume
of milk than other dairy
breeds
Boer
- Meat Type, Originated from
Southern Africa
- Fast growth rate, good
mothering ability, docile.
- Mature bucks weighs about
110-135kg; does 90-110kg.
- Characteristic white body
and red head
Saanen
SAANEN
• white or cream-colored
• large and big-boned, but graceful
and refined in bone
• largest of the dairy goat breeds
Does: 150 lb(68 kg) ↑
Bucks: 200 lb (91 kg) ↑
• ears are erect, nose straight or dished
• usually have beards and horns
 Saanen
• commonly used for
commercial
milking
• “Queen of dairy
goats”
• produces the most
milk on average
• Saanen nanny: 1
gal (3.8 li.) a day
• Milk has lower
butterfat content,
2.5%-3.0%
Saanen
• breed is usually pure white
in color;
• medium to heavy built, with
straight or dished face;
• heavy milk producers;
• yield best in much cooler
environment.
SAANEN
• Named after Saanen valley in
Switzerland
• “Sable Saanen” is the term for non-
white Saanen
• calm and mild mannered
• typically breed every year,
producing one or two kids
• Sensitive to too much sunlight,
performs best in cooler regions
Toggenburg
• Oldest known goat dairy breed from Switzerland
• Performs well on cool climates
• Smaller built

Toggenburg
 Toggenburg

• breed varies in color from light fawn to dark

chocolate;
• medium built, sturdy, energetic, and active;
• highly developed udder ;
• high level of milk production.
TOGGENBURG
• named after Toggenburg
valley, Switzerland
• medium in size
• have compact bodies
• does have high,
well-attached udders
• straight or dished faces, but never roman noses
• generally a friendly, quiet and gentle breed, and
are good as pets
• moderate in production, and have relatively low
butterfat content (2-3%) in their milk
TOGGENBURG
• color is solid varying from light fawn to
dark chocolate
• With distinct white markings as follows:
owhite ears with dark spot in middle
otwo white stripes down the face
from above each eye to the muzzle;
ohind legs white from hocks to hooves;
oforelegs white from knees downward with a
dark line (band) below knee acceptable;
oa white triangle on either side of the tail.
 Alpine
• Rock alpines;
• Swiss alpines;
• US alpines

• with 4.8 butterfat content;

• larger, stronger, and healthier than many other goat breeds;
• they tolerate heat better than Saanens and Toggenburgs.
Alpine
• breed can have
different colors except all
white and light brown
with white markings;

• It has a straight face,

standing ears, and
medium body built;

• It is a common dairy
goat breed because of
the amount of milk it is
able to produce.
ALPINE
• a medium to large size animal;
• does - 57 kg 0.8 meters
or 30 inches tall
• alertly graceful
• hardy, adaptable animals
• hair is medium to short
• have erect ears, horns,
and have a dish-face
(straight)
ALPINE
• aka “French Alpine;” originated
in the French Alps
• can range in color from white
or gray to brown and black
• have no set markings
• heavy milkers
• milk can be made into any
dairy product
 ALPINE
Alpine colors are described by using the following terms:
• Cou Blanc (coo blanc) - white neck & front quarters,
black hindquarters, black or gray markings on the head
• Cou Clair (coo clair) - "clear neck," front quarters tan,
saffron, off-white, or shading to gray with black
hindquarters.
• Cou Noir (coo nwah) - literally "black neck" black front
quarters and white hindquarters
• Sundgau (sundgow) - black with white markings such
as underbody, facial stripes, etc.
What’s missing?

La Mancha
• “earless” goat which
was developed from
several goats from
Spain;

• a dairy goat which can

thrive under harsh
conditions
 LAMANCHA
• have ears, but pinna is
shrunken; 2 types of ears
• Gopher ear: very small,
'shriveled‘; no fold, must
not exceed 1 inch (2.5 cm).
(This is the only type of ear
which will make bucks
eligible for registration. )
• Elf ear: max. length 2
inches; end of the ear must ear tags or ear tattoos are not
be turned up or down, and used; tattoos are normally
cartilage shaping the small placed on the tail web
ear is allowed.
 La Mancha
• breed can be of any color;
• one of its distinct characteristics is
that it has almost unnoticeable ear ;
• relatively small but very sturdy ;
• its milk is high in butterfat.
LAMANCHA
• noted for its apparent
lack of, or much reduced,
external ears
• medium in size
• generally calm, quiet, and
gentle in temperament
• comes in just about any
color
• hair is short, fine and
glossy
• dairy breed with high
butterfat
PHIL. NATIVE GOAT
• not a dairy breed but for
upgrading (e.g. with Anglo-
Nubian) increases milk yield
• small, stocky and low set
• red, white or black or
combination of these colors
• Mature weight: 20 – 25
kilograms
• Ave. milk prod’n: 0.4 liter
• Lactation Period: 187 days
Upgrades
Pix courtesy of SRC, CLSU

Upgrades

25% Native
and
75%
Anglonubian
 Breeds Raised in the Philippines

Native Goats Anglo-nubian Boer

Saanen Toggenburg Upgrades/

Triple crosses
Goat Products

Milk

Cheese

Soaps

Chevon Cashmere Leather

DISHES OUT OF GOAT’S MEAT

• Tapa • Barbeque
• Adobo • Caldereta
• Kilawin • Asado
• Papait • Menudo
• Goat steak • Pochero
• Braised meat chop • Afritada
• Higado • Cocido
• Sinampalukan
Part II

SELECTION OF FOUNDATION STOCKS

 SELECTION AND CULLING
• Selection – choosing animals with desirable traits that
are fit for production
• Culling –removing animals that are below average in
production, unsound or undesirable

Traits to consider for selection:

growth rate, milk yield, prolificacy, body size,
resistance to disease, adaptability to environment,
and production conditions
Characteristics of Male Breeding Stock
1.Healthy with no deformities
2.Straight and strong legs
3.Active and with high libido
4.Normal testicles
5.With good pedigree
6.Clean, shiny,healthy coat
7.6-8 months and not < 25 kg
Characteristics of Female Breeding
Stock
• Healthy with no deformities
• Straight and strong legs
• Normal genitals
• With good mothering ability
• Normal teats(smooth, firm, no
infection and swelling)
• Good pedigree
• 6-8 months of age & not <20 kg
Other Desirable Characteristics

Strong Legs Shiny Hair coat

Prolific Normal Teats Even testicles

Reasons for Culling

• Overshot and undershot jaws

• Cryptorchid
• Extra teats
• Twisted legs or feet
• Poor kid size
• Poor maternal instinct
• Poor milkers
Reasons for Culling

Overshot mouth

Undershot mouth
Reasons for Culling

Split testicles

Extra teats
Reasons for Culling

Twisted or folded ears

Reasons for Culling

Abnormal legs

Weak legs
Reasons for Culling

Abnormal horn growth

Deformed hooves
 Age Determination Thru Dentition

Two permanent teeth (2-2

Milk teeth (<1 year old) A pair of permanent
½ years old)
teeth (1-1 ½ year old)

Three permanent teeth Four permanent teeth (4- Teeth start to fall-off (>5
(3-3 ½ years old) 4 ½ years old) years old)
MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS
Fresh milk for ulcers, allergies
and lactose intolerance

Butter for wounds

Aphrodisiacs

Skin Care (Soap, Lotion)

 Possible participation of
members of the family
and
Easy to integrate with other
farming systems
INTEGRATION
PROJECTS
WITH GOATS
GOAT-MANGO
INTEGRATION
GOAT-RICE INTEGRATION
Goat-Poultry Integration
FARM WASTE
RECYCLING
Organic Fertilizer -Legumes
STARTING A GOAT ENTERPRISE?
 Basic Requirements

HOUSING SYSTEM
OF GOATS
FLS-IGM, Pangasinan
SRC, CLSU
SRC, CLSU
Recommended Floor Space for Goats:

Doe - 1.5 sq. m

Buck - 2 sq. m

Young Stocks - 1 sq. m

1. Options on goat pen designs
-The provision of housing lowers
markedly worm load, thus decreasing
mortality of goats by 80-85%. Space
requirement of 1 m/hd reduces death
and for security reasons
 2. Options on feed resource establishment
and management
Optimizes use of local available feeds
while meeting the nutritional
requirements of the animals. Napier,
ipil-ipil, kakawate, rensonii, flemingia,
indigofera, acacia pods, hulls, camote
vines, are most commonly available.
Almost all farm by-products are used
as goat feeds. It ensures food
production the whole year round.

Pictures taken at SRC, CLSU

Acacia pods Molasses Kakawate Indigo Sesbania

Napier Paragrass Arachis Flemingia Ipil-ipil Rensonii

Grasses
Paragrass Guinea grass

Napier Stargrass
Paragrass
Guinea grass
Forage corn
Sorghum
Cut-and-carry plots
Cut-and-carry plots
 Legumes
Desmanthus Centrosema

Flemingia Stylo

Arachis Siratro Calopogonium

Calopogonium
Centrosema
Stylo
Arachis pintoii -manimanihan
Desmanthus
Acid Ipil-ipil
Mani-manihan-
Kamote
Natural bushes
and trees Rensonii

Acacia Kakawate Indigo

Sesbania Katuray Ipil-ipil

Flemingia
Rensonii
Indigofera
Kakawate
Katuray
Silkworm plant
Madre de Agua
Malunggay
Banana
Pigeon Peas- Kadyos
Pigeon Peas- Kadyos
 LEGUME STRATA

Seed Production Integration

Pics courtesy of CLSU-SRC

 Agro-industrial by-products

Molasses
Pics courtesy of CLSU-SRC
 Crop residues

Corn stovers

Soybean pods

Acacia pods Rice straw

Pics courtesy of CLSU-SRC
 Processed Feeds
UMMB

Concentrates

UTRS Silage
Pics courtesy of CLSU-SRC
3. Alternatives to traditional health
management -Deworm kids at 3 months old, repeat
after 3 months;
-Deworm older goats before onset of
rainy season, and repeat monthly
until Sept. Pregnant does-2 wks
before giving birth.
-Deworming and the use of leaves
with anthelminthic qualities like
kakawate, atis, pineapple reduces
egg per gram of feces by 90%.
3. Alternatives to traditional production
management
-Ipil-ipil leaf based for concentrate
supplements preparations, with stall
feeding of grasses and tree leaves
and complete confinement during the
rainy season and semi confinement
during the dry season, improved
production by 60%.
- complete confinement

Courtesy of SRC, CLSU

Ipil-ipil
Semi-confinement method
4. Alternatives to traditional grazing
management - Start grazing goats at 9 am,
when the dews on the leaves of
grasses are already dry to avoid
eating of larvae of parasites
contaminating the leaves of
grasses. The practice RRG for
larger lands, and transfer to
another paddocks within 3 days
reduce considerably worm loads
among goats.
 RAPID ROTATIONAL GRAZING

Pics courtesy of CLSU-SRC

SPRINKLER IRRIGATION SYSTEM
5. Alternatives to traditional
breeding management
-Avoidance of breeding
during the months of
February and March of each
year ;

XXXXXXXXXXX

XXXXXXXXXXX
 The practice of upgrading….
Native Goats

Courtesy of: SRC, CLSU

Triple Cross
(Native-Anglo-Boer)
FLS Camiling
 WHY UPGRADE GOAT ?
• Improvement or enhancement of the
performance of the animal to increase
productivity
• Meat
• Milk
ANSWER TO LOW
• Dual QUALITY BREEDERS

• Breeder PROBLEM

• Money
• Using purebred buck
Purebred buck X Native doe

F1
(50% Purebred:50% Native)

Purebred buck X F1

F2
(75% Purebred:25% Native)

Purebred buck X F2

F3
(87% Purebred:12.5% Native)
• Starting with an upgraded buck
Upgraded buck (40 kg) Native doe (20 kg)
(75% AN:25% N) X (100% N)

1
F1 (30 kg)
(37.5% AN:62.5% N)

Purebred buck (50 kg) F1 (30 kg)

(100% AN) X (37.5% AN:62.5% N)

2
F2 (40 kg)
(68.75% AN:31.25% N)

Purebred buck (50 kg) F2 (40 kg)

(100% AN) X (68.75% AN:31.25% N)

3
F3 (50 kg)
(84.37% AN:15.63% N)
 The practice of upgrading….
Native Goats

Courtesy of: SRC, CLSU

Triple Cross
(Native-Anglo-Boer)
FLS Camiling
5. Alternatives to traditional
breeding management
-Avoidance of breeding
during the months of
February and March of each
year ;

XXXXXXXXXXX

XXXXXXXXXXX
 NATIVE 100% 50% N & 50% AN 25% N & 75% AN
Pics courtesy of CLSU, SRC
 REPRODUCTION RATE

• Doe-3 kiddings per 2 years = 6 kids

• First Offspring – 2 kiddings = 4 kids

• Second offspring – 1 kidding = 2 kids

TOTAL = 12 kids
 Cost-Benefit Analysis
Production
Mature weight of the animals (kg)
Benefit
Production I II III
Stage
Doe 20 (Native) 30 (F1) 40 (F2)
Buck 40 (Upgraded) 50 (Purebred) 50 (Purebred)
Offspring 30 (F1) 40 (F2) 50 (F3)
Weight
10 20 30
Difference
Economic
Benefit
Weight
10 20 30
Difference
Price/kg P70.00 P100.00 P150.00
Price Difference P700.00 P2,000.00 P4,500.00
 7. Goat-based Add-In
Enterprises

White Cheese

Fresh Goat’s MIlk

Jeff Lim’s produce

Fetta Cheese Cajetas Candy
 FLS-IGM Highlights
Technologies taken/FLS-IGM Baskets of Options (BOO):
(Alternative Approaches to traditional practices)
Farmers learn to:
6. Proper husbandry
- castrate
practices
- hoof trim
- ear tag
- disbud
- make farm record
-mix their farm goat feeds
-- awareness of AI
•Pasteurized;
• Shelf life is 3 weeks;
• “Natural Tarlac” Logo

Php 75.00

3 for Php 100.00

Courtesy of JSJ Farms, Gerona, Tarlac

Courtesy of JSJ Farms, Gerona, Tarlac
•150 grams “kesong puti” processed from 1 L of
goat’s milk;
• One week shelf life;
• Php 100.00 each

Courtesy of JSJ Farms, Gerona, Tarlac

Fetta Cheese

Courtesy of JSJ Farms, Gerona, Tarlac

•280 grams fetta cheeze in virgin oil;
• Php 220.00/bottle

Courtesy of JSJ Farms, Gerona, Tarlac

GOAT MILK CAJETAS
10 pcs per pack- Php 60.00
Courtesy of JSJ Farms, Gerona, Tarlac
Goat Soap
Making
Soap used for mange in dogs, skin
diseases for goats…etc.
Vermi-compos production
using goat’s manure
Summary
• Before entering into a goat enterprise,
capacity building is a must;
• Train your caretaker, the life of your
farm.
• Before buying goats, construct a goat
house and plant grasses and legumes;
• Kailangan may sipag at tiyaga!
• Magne”goat”syo tayo!
Pasture area
• Conclusion:
•There is money in goat production;

• With skills and diligence, extensionists,

veterinarians could influence farmers to
venture on goat-based enterprises;

•Demand is high, but supply is low.

Acknowledgment
• PCAARRD-FLS-GM Team
• Ms. Ana Marie Alo-Program Developer, PCAARRD
• Dr. Edwin Villar- Director, LRD, PCAARRD
• LGU Camiling
• GASPAT
• TCA-Dr. Max P. Guillermo
• DA-BAR-for funding the research
• Mr. Tony Obligado-DA-BAR
• SRC, CLSU
• JSJ Farms, Mountain Goat Farms, Rofanso Farms
Angie’s kid