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    Cassini States

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    ahmad bahiyuddin21
    The document summarizes coordinate reference systems and geodetic datums used in Malaysia. It lists 9 stations that serve as reference points across the country. It then outlines 7 coordinate reference systems/projections that have been used over time in Malaysia, along with their associated geodetic datums and purposes. These include systems based on Modified Everest and WGS84 ellipsoids. It also describes the development of geodetic infrastructure in Malaysia through 5 stages involving new technologies like GNSS and establishment of networks like MASS and MyRTKnet. Finally, it outlines the relationship and transformation process between the various systems.

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    Cassini States

    Uploaded by

    ahmad bahiyuddin21
    69 views5 pages
    The document summarizes coordinate reference systems and geodetic datums used in Malaysia. It lists 9 stations that serve as reference points across the country. It then outlines 7 coordinate reference systems/projections that have been used over time in Malaysia, along with their associated geodetic datums and purposes. These include systems based on Modified Everest and WGS84 ellipsoids. It also describes the development of geodetic infrastructure in Malaysia through 5 stages involving new technologies like GNSS and establishment of networks like MASS and MyRTKnet. Finally, it outlines the relationship and transformation process between the various systems.

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    The document summarizes coordinate reference systems and geodetic datums used in Malaysia. It lists 9 stations that serve as reference points across the country. It then outlines 7 coordinate reference systems/projections that have been used over time in Malaysia, along with their associated geodetic datums and purposes. These include systems based on Modified Everest and WGS84 ellipsoids. It also describes the development of geodetic infrastructure in Malaysia through 5 stages involving new technologies like GNSS and establishment of networks like MASS and MyRTKnet. Finally, it outlines the relationship and transformation process between the various systems.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    69 views5 pages

    Cassini States

    Uploaded by

    ahmad bahiyuddin21
    The document summarizes coordinate reference systems and geodetic datums used in Malaysia. It lists 9 stations that serve as reference points across the country. It then outlines 7 coordinate reference systems/projections that have been used over time in Malaysia, along with their associated geodetic datums and purposes. These include systems based on Modified Everest and WGS84 ellipsoids. It also describes the development of geodetic infrastructure in Malaysia through 5 stages involving new technologies like GNSS and establishment of networks like MASS and MyRTKnet. Finally, it outlines the relationship and transformation process between the various systems.

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    of 5

    CASSINI STATE – PROJECTION

    States Station Name

    Johor Gunung lumut

    Negeri Sembilan & Malacca GunHill

    Pahang Gunung Senyum

    Selangor Bukit Asa

    Terengganu Gunung gajah

    Pulau Pinang &Seberang Perai Fort Cornwills

    Kedah & Perlis Gunung Perak

    Perak Gunung Hijau Larut

    kelantan Bukit Panau


    Coordinate Reference System in Malaysia
    No Coordinate Reference System
    Coordinate System / Projection Geodetic Datum
    KERTAU
    1 Malayan Revised Triangulation Ellipsoid: Modified Everest
    1968 (MRT68)

    TIMBALAI
    2 Borneo Triangulation 1968 (BT68) Ellipsoid: Modified Everest

    WGS 84
    3 Peninsular Malaysia Geodetic Ellipsoid: WGS84
    Scientific Reference Frame: WGS84
    Network 1994 (PMGSN94) Epoch: 1987.0

    WGS84
    4 East Malaysia Geodetic Scientific Ellipsoid: WGS84
    Network Reference Frame: WGS84 (G783)
    1997 (EMGSN97) Epoch: 1997.0

    GDM2000
    5 Malaysia Active GPS System Ellipsoid: GRS80
    (MASS) Reference Frame: ITRF2000
    Epoch: 2000.0

    Malaysia Primary Geodetic Network GDM2000


    6 2000 Ellipsoid: GRS80
    (MPGN2000) Reference Frame: ITRF2000
    Epoch: 2000.0
    GDM 2000 (2009)
    Ellipsoid: GRS80
    Reference Frame: ITRF2000
    Epoch: 2000.0

    Malaysia Real-Time Kinematic GDM2000


    7 GNSS Ellipsoid: GRS80
    Network Reference Frame: ITRF2000
    (MyRTKnet) Epoch: 2000.0

    GDM2000 (2009)
    Ellipsoid: GRS80
    Reference Frame: ITRF2000
    Epoch: 2000.0
    PERKEMBANGAN PEMBANGUNAN INFRASTRUKTUR GEODETIK DI
    MALAYSIA
    Bil Datum Geodetik Tujuan

    1 Datum Kertau Tulang belakang kepada Malayan Revised Triangulation 1968


    (MRT68) di Semenanjung Malaysia sebelum tahun 1990

    2 Datum Timbalai Tulang belakang kepada Borneo Triangulation 1968 (BT68)


    di Sabah, Sarawak dan Labuan sebelum 1990

    3 Peninsular Malaysia Dibangunkan kerana perkembangan teknologi GNSS sekitar


    Geodetic tahun 1980 an
    Scientific Network 1994
    (PMGSN94) Untuk membangunkan rangkaian kawalan ukur geodetik yang
    (Semenanjung Malaysia) baru dengan menggunakan teknologi GNSS untuk menentukan
    koordinat bagi stesen-stesen kawalan

    4 East Malaysia Geodetic Dibangunkan kerana perkembangan teknologi GNSS sekitar


    Scientific Network 1997 tahun 1980 an
    (EMGSN97)
    Untuk membangunkan rangkaian kawalan ukur geodetik yang
    Sabah, Sarawak dan baru dengan menggunakan teknologi GNSS untuk menentukan
    Labuan koordinat bagi stesen-stesen kawalan

    5 Malaysia Active GPS JUPEM telah membangunkan rangkaian Malaysia Active GPS
    System (MASS) System (MASS) pada tahun 2001 dan Malaysia Real-Time
    & Malaysia Real-Time Kinematic GNSS Network (MyRTKnet) antara tahun 2002 dan
    Kinematic GNSS 2008.
    Network
    (MyRTKnet) Pada tahun 2003, JUPEM telah melancarkan (GDM2000),
    iaitu datum rujukan geodetik baru yang seragam bagi kerja-
    kerja ukur dan pemetaan di Malaysia. Dan GDM2000 telah
    dibuat semakan semula pada tahun 2009 kerana kejadian
    gempa bumi besar di Indonesia.
    Relationship between various coordinate reference systems
    The existing procedure of converting WGS84 coordinates to their corresponding
    values in local Cassini system involves several transformation steps such as the
    following.
    a) Cadastral Survey
    WGS84 _ MRT _ RSO _ Cassini
    b) Topographical Mapping
    WGS84 - MRT/BT68 - RSO

    Notes
    Box 1: Coordinate conversion between geographical coordinate and cartesian coordinate

    Box 2: Transformation between various datums using Bursa-Wolf Formulae

    Box 3: Map projection of MRT68 / BT68 geographical coordinate to Rectified Skew


    Orthomorphic (RSO) plane coordinates

    Box 4: Coordinate transformation from RSO to Cassini using polynomial Function

    Box 5: Map projection of GDM2000 geographical coordinate to Geocentric Cassini plane


    coordinates

    Box 6: Map projection of GDM2000 geographical coordinate to Geocentric RSO plane


    coordinates
    Box 7: Datum transformation from GDM2000 to GDM2000 (2009) using multiple regression
    model

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