Hip and thigh

Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Blood Supply Action

Gluteus Ilium posterior to Most fibers end in Inferior Superior and Extends thigh,
maximus posterior gluteal line Iliotibial tract that gluteal nerve inferior gluteal assists lateral
dorsal surface of inserts into lateral (L5 - S2) arteries, first rotation
sacrum and coccyx, condyle of tibia; perforating branch
sacrotuberous some fibers insert of deep femoral
ligament gluteal tuberosity of artery
femur
Gluteus Lateral surface of Lateral surface of Superior Deep branch of Abducts thigh,
medius ilium between greater trochanter gluteal nerve superior gluteal rotates thigh
anterior and of femur (L4 - S1) artery medially
posterior gluteal
lines
Gluteus Lateral surface of Anterior border of Superior Deep branch of Abducts thigh,
minimus ilium between greater trochanter gluteal nerve superior gluteal rotates thigh
anterior and inferior of femur (L4 - S1) artery medially
gluteal lines
Piriformis Anterior surface of Superior border of Ventral rami Superior and Laterally
sacrum and greater trochanter of S1 and S2 inferior gluteal rotates thigh,
sacrotuberous of femur arteries, internal abducts flexed
ligament pudendal artery thigh
Obturator Pelvic surface of Medial surface of Nerve to Internal pudendal Laterally
internus obturator membrane greater trochanter obturator and superior rotates thigh,
and margins of of femur internus (L5- gluteal arteries abducts flexed
obturator foramen S2) thigh
Gemellus Outer surface of Medial surface of Nerve to Inferior gluteal Laterally
superior ischial spine greater trochanter obturator artery rotates thigh
of femur internus (L5-
S2)
Gemellus Upper margin of Medial surface of Nerve to Inferior gluteal Laterally
inferior ischial tuberosity greater trochanter quadratus artery rotates thigh
of femur femoris (L4-
S1)
Quadratus Lateral margin of Quadrate tubercle Nerve to Medial circumflex Laterally
femoris ischial tuberosity on intertrochanteric quadratus femoral artery rotates thigh
crest of femur femoris (L4-
S1)
Anterior Thigh Muscles
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Blood Supply Action
Iliopsoas/psoas Sides of vertebra Lesser trochanter Ventral rami of Lumbar Flexes thigh at
major T12 to L5 and of femur lumbar spinal branches of hip and
transverse nerves 1-3 iliolumbar artery stabilizes the hip
processes of L1-
L5
Iliacus Iliac crest, iliac Tendon of psoas Femoral nerve Iliac branches of Flexes thigh at
fossa, ala of major and body (L2-L3) iliolumbar artery hip and
scrum, and of femur, inferior stabilizes the hip
anterior sacroiliac to lesser
ligaments trochanter
Tensor fasciae Anterior superior Iliotibial tract → Superior Superior gluteal Abducts,
latae iliac spine and lateral condyle of gluteal nerve arteries, lateral medially rotates
anterior part of tibia (L4-L5) circumflex and flexes the
external lip of femoral artery thigh, stabilizes
iliac crest trunk on thigh
Sartorius ASIS and Superior part of Femoral nerve Femoral artery Abducts,
superior part of medial surface of (L2-L3) laterally rotates
notch below it tibia and flexes the
thigh
Quadratus Lateral margin ofQuadrate tubercle Nerve to Medial Laterally rotates
femoris ischial tuberosity
on quadratus circumflex thigh
intertrochanteric femoris (L4 to femoral artery
crest of femur S1)
Rectus femoris Anterior inferior Base of patella Femoral nerve Lateral Extends the leg
iliac spine and and to tibial (L2-L4) circumflex at the knee joint
groove superior to tuberosity via femoral artery, and flexes the
acetabulum patellar ligament deep femoral thigh at the hip
artery joint
Vastus Greater trochanter Base of patella Femoral nerve Lateral Extends the leg
lateralis and lateral lip of and to tibial (L2-L4) circumflex at the knee joint
linea aspera of tuberosity via femoral artery,
femur patellar ligament deep femoral
artery
Vastus Intertrochanteric Base of patella Femoral nerve Femoral artery, Extends the leg
medialis line and medial and to tibial (L2-L4) deep femoral at the knee joint
lip of linea aspera tuberosity via artery
of femur patellar ligament
Vastus Anterior and Base of patella Femoral nerve Lateral Extends the leg
intermedius lateral surfaces of and to tibial (L2-L4) circumflex at the knee joint
body of femur tuberosity via femoral artery,
patellar ligament deep femoral
artery
Pectineus Pecten pubis Pectineal line of Femoral nerve Medial Adducts and
femur (L2-L3) and circumflex flexes thigh
sometimes femoral artery,
obturator nerve obturator artery
Medial Thigh Muscles
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Blood Supply Action
Adductor Body of pubis, Middle third of linea Obturator nerve Medial Adducts thigh
longus inferior to aspera of femur (anterior division) circumflex
pubic crest (L2-L4) femoral artery,
obturator artery
Adductor Body and Pectineal line and Obturator nerve Medial Adducts and
brevis inferior pubic proximal part of (L2-L4) circumflex flexes thigh
ramus linea aspera of femur femoral artery,
obturator artery
Adductor Inferior pubis Gluteal tuberosity, Adductor part: Deep femoral Adducts and
magnus ramus, ramus linea aspera, obturator nerve artery, popliteal flexes thigh
of ischium supracondylar line (L2-L4) artery, obturator (adductor part)
Hamstring Hamstring part: Hamstring part: Extends thigh
part: ischial adductor tubercle tibial nerve (L4) (hamstring part)
tuberosity
Gracilis Body of pubis Superior part of Obturator nerve Deep femoral Adducts thigh,
and inferior medial surface of (L2-L3) artery, medial flexes and
pubic ramus tibia circumflex medially rotates
femoral artery the leg
Obturator Margins of Trochanteric fossa Obturator nerve Medial Laterally rotates
externus obturator of femur (L2-L3) circumflex the thigh and
foramen and femoral artery, stabilizes head
obturator obturator artery of femur in
membrane acetabulum

Posterior Thigh Muscles

Muscle Origin Insertion
Semitendinosus Upper and medial ischial tuberosity Superior part of medial su
tibia
Semimembranosus Upper and lateral ischial tuberosity Posterior part of medial c
tibia
Biceps femoris Long head-ischial tuberosity Lateral side of head of fib

Short head-lateral lip of linea aspera, lateral supracondylar line of

femur

Muscles of the Anterior Leg

Blood
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Action
Supply
Tibialis Lateral condyle and Medial plantar Deep fibular Anterior Dorsiflexes ankle
anterior proximal half of lateral surfaces of medial nerve (L4- tibial artery and inverts foot
tibia, interosseous cuneiform and base L5)
membrane of first metatarsal
Extensor Middle part of anterior Dorsal aspect of Deep fibular Anterior Extends great toe
hallucis surface of fibula and base of distal nerve (L5- tibial artery and dorsiflexes
longus interosseous membrane phalanx of great toe S1) ankle
Extensor Lateral condyle of tibia Middle and distal Deep fibular Anterior Extends second
digitorum and proximal three phalanges of nerve (L5- tibial artery through fifth toes
longus quarters of anterior second through S1) and dorsiflexes
surface of interosseous fifth toes ankle
membrane
Fibularis Distal third of anterior Dorsum of base of Deep fibular Anterior Dorsiflexes ankle
(peroneus) surface of fibula and fifth metatarsal nerve (L5- tibial artery and aids in
tertius interosseous membrane S1) eversion of foot

Muscles of the Lateral Leg

Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Blood Action
Supply
Fibularis Head and Plantar base of Superficial Anterior Everts foot and
(peroneus) proximal two first metatarsal and fibular nerve tibial artery, weakly
longus thirds of lateral medial cuneiform (L5 - S2) fibular artery plantarflexes
fibula ankle
Fibularis Distal two Dorsal surface of Superficial Fibular artery Everts foot and
(peroneus) thirds of lateral tuberosity on base fibular nerve weakly
brevis surface of fibula of fifth metatarsal (L5 - S2) plantarflexes
ankle

Muscles of the Posterior Leg

Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Blood Action
Supply
Superficial Muscles
Gastrocnemius Lateral head: Posterior aspect of Tibial nerve Popliteal Plantarflexes the
lateral aspect of calcaneus via the (S1-S2) artery ankle joint, assists
lateral condyle of calcaneal tendon in flexion of the
femur. knee joint
Medial head:
popliteal surface
above medial
condyle of femur
Soleus Posterior aspect of Posterior aspect of Tibial nerve Posterior Plantarflexes the
head of fibula, calcaneus via the (S1-S2) tibia artery, ankle and
proximal fourth of calcaneal tendon fibular stabilizes the leg
posterior surface of artery, over the foot
fibula, soleal line popliteal
of tibia artery
Plantaris Popliteal surface of Calcaneal tendon Tibial nerve Popliteal Weakly assists
femur (L5-S1) artery gastrocnemius
Deep Muscles
Popliteus Lateral aspect of Posterior tibia Tibial nerve Popliteal Unlocks and
lateral condyle of above soleal line (L4 - S1) artery weakly flexes
femur and lateral knee joint
meniscus
Flexor hallucis Distal two-thirds of Base of distal Tibial nerve Fibular Flexes great toe,
longus posterior fibula and phalanx of great (L5 - S2) artery weakly
 inferior part of toe (hallux) plantarflexes the
interosseous ankle
membrane
Flexor Medial part of Plantar bases of Tibial nerve Posterior Flexes lateral four
digitorum posterior tibia distal phalanges of (L5-S1) tibial artery toes, plantarflexes
longus inferior to soleal lateral four toes ankle
line
Tibialis Posterior tibia Tuberosity of Tibial nerve Fibular Plantarflexes foot
posterior below soleal line, navicular bone, all (L4-L5) artery at the ankle and
interosseous cuneiforms, cuboid inverts the foot
membrane, and bases of
proximal half of second through
posterior fibula fourth metatarsals

Intrinsic Foot Muscles

Muscle Proximal Distal Attachment Layer of Innervation Action
Attachment (Insertion) plantar foot
(Origin)
Abductor Medial process Medial side, base of First Layer: Medial plantar Abducts and flexes
hallucis of calcaneal proximal phalanx of deep to nerve (S2-S3) first toe
tuberosity first toe plantar
aponeurosis
Flexor Medial process Four tendons split to First Layer: Medial plantar Flexes second
digitorum of calcaneal allow passage of long deep to nerve (S2-S3) through fifth toes
brevis tuberosity flexor tendons, insert plantar
on middle phalanges aponeurosis
Abductor Calcaneus Lateral side, proximal First Layer: Lateral plantar Abducts and flexes
digiti phalanx of fifth toe deep to nerve (S2-S3) fifth toe
minimi plantar
aponeurosis
Quadratus Medial and Lateral edge of flexor Second Lateral plantar Corrects for oblique
plantae lateral sides of digitorum longus Layer nerve (S1-S3) pull of FDL tendon;
plantar surface tendon thus assists in
of calcaneus flexion of toes
Lumbricals First: Medial Medial side of dorsal Second Medial one: Flex proximal
side of tendon digital expansions Layer Medial plantar phalanges at MP
to second toe nerve joint, extend distal
Second through Lateral three: phalanges at PIP and
fourth: Adjacent Lateral plantar DIP joints
sides of nerve (S2-S3)
contiguous
tendons
Flexor Plantar surfaces Divides in two, to Third Layer Medial plantar Flexes proximal
hallucis of cuboid and each side of base of nerve (S1-S2) phalanx of first toe
brevis lateral proximal phalanx of
cuneiform first toe
Adductor Oblique head: Lateral side, base of Third Layer Deep branch of Adducts first toe,
hallucis bases of second proximal phalanx of lateral plantar maintains transverse
through fourth first toe (both heads) nerve (S2-S3) arch
metatarsals
Transverse
 head:
Ligaments of
metatarsophalan
geal joints
Flexor Base of fifth Base of proximal Third Layer Superficial Flexes proximal
digiti metatarsal phalanx of fifth toe branch, lateral phalanx of fifth toe
minimi plantar nerve
brevis (S2-S3)
Plantar Bases and Medial sides of bases Fourth Layer Lateral plantar Adduct second
interossei medial sides of of proximal nerve (S2-S3) through fourth toes
(3) third through phalanges of third and flex MP joint
fifth metatarsals through fifth toes
Dorsal Adjacent sides First: medial side of Fourth Layer Lateral plantar Abduct second
interossei of first through proximal phalanx of nerve (S2-S3) through fourth toes
(4) fifth metatarsals second toe and flex MP joints
Second through
fourth: lateral sides of
second through fourth
toes