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ECV3213
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY
PLANNING FOR CONSTRUCTION
Last Updated:21 September 2016 © LMS SEGi education group 1

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
 To introduce students to the concept of temporary works

in construction projects.
 To explain the uses of temporary works in aiding the

works of the construction.

LEARNING OUTCOMES
 At the end of the lecture, students shall be able to;
 Be able to demonstrate an understanding in the

concept of temporary works.
 Be able to list the various types of temporary works

carried out in construction projects.
 Be able to explain the uses and its importance.

TEMPORARY WORKS
 Defined as the semi-permanent structures or activities

required to facilitate the actual permanent work on a
construction site and shall be removed from the site
upon completion. Includes;
 Hoarding of the project site.
 Methods of supporting the soil during excavation.
 Supports to parts of the structure e.g. arch, balcony

during construction or as shoring.
TEMPORARY WORKS
 Formwork and falsework for concreting
 Working platforms e.g. scaffolds for working at

heights
 Provisions of temporary structures e.g. workers

cabins, site office, site store, access road, silt traps.
 Provisions of basic utilities (clean water, electricity)

TEMPORARY WORKS
 Planning of these temporary works are crucial to identify

the method and resources required to carry out these
works.
 Refer to handout for the general scope of the temporary

works at site and the flow diagram.
 Both show a clear procedural use of temporary works

along the construction sequence.

TEMPORARY WORKS
 Illingworth (2000) stresses that for construction work to

proceed, temporary works are necessary to enable plant
and labour to perform their duties efficiently and safely.
 Materials handling (Plant & Labour) + Temporary works

= Construction method

TEMPORARY WORKS
 In most contractual forms, the contractor shall be

responsible to provide all temporary works, ensure its
stability and safety and remove the structures after its
usage is no longer required. Example;
 Clause 8 of the ICE Form of Contract (6th Edition,

1991)
 Clause 2.1 in the Standard Form of Contract (JCT 80)

SITE LAYOUT
 Site layout planning involves the positioning of certain

elements such as site accommodation, access and
storage facilities within the boundaries of the project site
to allow physical construction work to commence and
reducing the need for double-handling (the constant
shifting of temporary items around the site).
 Main issues that need to be addressed and considered

when undertaking a site layout plan;

SITE LAYOUT
 Site access to be provided for site deliveries and

circulation, temporary roads for access, car parks,
turning circles for trucks and wheel washing area.
 Storage space is to be provided with consideration for

the amount and type of materials to be stored, security
and protection against the weather. Adequate area with
working space must be provided to reduce double
handling and impeding operations and circulation.

SITE LAYOUT
 Types and amount of site accommodation is to be

decided. Consideration must be made on the number of
site staff staying at the site. Site accommodation reduces
walking times to the site compared to off-site
accommodation.

SITE LAYOUT
 Inefficient site layout may cause;
 Workers have a lower productivity due to cramped

working space which may also cause disputes among
them.
 Most work must be double handled before being

placed into the site causing the loss of time.

SITE LAYOUT
 Obstruction from construction debris or temporary

work structures affecting the flow of work.
 Excessive traffic flow at different points at site that

may cause accidental damages to completed
structures.
 Unauthorised vehicles being allowed into the site that

may be a hazard to the site personnel and/or the
drivers of the vehicles.

SITE ACCESS
 Typical site access road considerations;

 Paved areas and roads forming part of the contract can be
partially completed at an early stage to be used for site access
and general circulation.
 Temporary roads may also be constructed using ballast or

crusher run to ease site circulation / congestion. Extra cost is
justified from delay due to poor circulation, congestion or
skimping by using poor materials (excavated soil, concrete
debris)

SITE ACCESS

SITE ACCESS

FALSEWORK
 Falsework is defined as any temporary structure used to

support a permanent structure while it is not self-
supporting.
 Falsework is any temporary structure, in which the main

load bearing members are vertical, used to support
permanent structures, used to support a permanent
structure and associated elements during the erection
until it is self supporting.

FALSEWORK
 The most common usage of falsework is to support slab

soffit formwork / shuttering as temporary props to secure
the formwork during steel fixing, concreting and curing of
the slab.
 BS 5975:1996 (Ref. 3) recommends maximum erection

tolerances and eccentricities of loading which should be
achieved on site for various types of falsework.

FALSEWORK
 It also discusses how these tolerances and

eccentricities will affect the safe working loads and the
general design of falsework.
 Most common three categories of falsework

construction:
 Adjustable steel props and forkheads.
 Tube and coupler falsework.
 Purposely fabricated steel work.

FALSEWORK
(Ayers R, 2010)

FALSEWORK
(Ayers R, 2010)

FALSEWORK
RMD Kwikform News, 2010

REFERENCES
 Illingworth J.R 2000, Construction methods and

planning, 2nd edn, E&FN Spon, UK.
 Riley, M & Cotgrave, A 2004, Construction technology 2:

Industrial and commercial building, Palgrave Macmillan,
UK.
 Chudley R & Greeno R 2006, Building construction

handbook, 6th edn, Elsevier Ltd., UK.

REFERENCES
 Focus Technology Co. Ltd. 2011, Frame Scaffolding,

online, retrieved on 29th August 2011 from
http://jinchengscaffolding.en.made-in-
china.com/product/reQntpwlsBVY/China-Frame-
Scaffolding.html

REFERENCES
 P-wholesale.com 2011, Frame Scaffolding, online,

retrieved on 29th August 2011 from http://www.p-
wholesale.com/subcat/21/833/construction-equipment-
tools-p53.html
 Best-B2B.com 2011, Scaffolds, online, retrieved on 29th

August 2011 from http://best-
b2b.com/Keywords/S/S_576.html

REFERENCES
 North Shore Scaffolding 2006, Tube and Clip, online,

retrieved on 29th August 2011 from
http://northshorescaffolding.co.nz/Pages/display/63
 Ayers R 2010, Suspended slab formwork and falsework,

online, retrieved on 15th September 2011 from
http://www.usq.edu.au/users/ayers/pgbldTBlock4.htm

REFERENCES
 Haddock P 2010, Another world beater for Megashor,

20th May 2010, RMD Kwikform News, online, retrieved
on 15th September 2011 from
http://www.rmdkwikformnews.co.uk/another-world-
beater-for-megashor/#more-964

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ECV3213

PLANNING FOR CONSTRUCTION

Last Updated:21 September 2016 © LMS SEGi education group 1

 To introduce students to the concept of temporary works

 To explain the uses of temporary works in aiding the

Last Updated:21 September 2016 © LMS SEGi education group 2

 At the end of the lecture, students shall be able to;

 Be able to demonstrate an understanding in the

 Be able to list the various types of temporary works

 Be able to explain the uses and its importance.

Last Updated:21 September 2016 © LMS SEGi education group 3

 Defined as the semi-permanent structures or activities

 Hoarding of the project site.

 Methods of supporting the soil during excavation.

 Supports to parts of the structure e.g. arch, balcony

 Formwork and falsework for concreting

 Working platforms e.g. scaffolds for working at

 Provisions of temporary structures e.g. workers

 Provisions of basic utilities (clean water, electricity)

Last Updated:21 September 2016 © LMS SEGi education group 5

 Planning of these temporary works are crucial to identify

 Refer to handout for the general scope of the temporary

 Both show a clear procedural use of temporary works

Last Updated:21 September 2016 © LMS SEGi education group 6

 Illingworth (2000) stresses that for construction work to

 Materials handling (Plant & Labour) + Temporary works

Last Updated:21 September 2016 © LMS SEGi education group 7

 In most contractual forms, the contractor shall be

 Clause 8 of the ICE Form of Contract (6th Edition,

 Clause 2.1 in the Standard Form of Contract (JCT 80)

Last Updated:21 September 2016 © LMS SEGi education group 8

 Site layout planning involves the positioning of certain

 Main issues that need to be addressed and considered

Last Updated:21 September 2016 © LMS SEGi education group 9

 Site access to be provided for site deliveries and

 Storage space is to be provided with consideration for

Last Updated:21 September 2016 © LMS SEGi education group 10

 Types and amount of site accommodation is to be

Last Updated:21 September 2016 © LMS SEGi education group 11

 Inefficient site layout may cause;

 Workers have a lower productivity due to cramped

 Most work must be double handled before being

Last Updated:21 September 2016 © LMS SEGi education group 12

 Obstruction from construction debris or temporary

 Excessive traffic flow at different points at site that

 Unauthorised vehicles being allowed into the site that

Last Updated:21 September 2016 © LMS SEGi education group 13

 Typical site access road considerations;

 Temporary roads may also be constructed using ballast or

Last Updated:21 September 2016 © LMS SEGi education group 14

Last Updated:21 September 2016 © LMS SEGi education group 15

Last Updated:21 September 2016 © LMS SEGi education group 16

 Falsework is defined as any temporary structure used to

 Falsework is any temporary structure, in which the main

Last Updated:21 September 2016 © LMS SEGi education group 17

 The most common usage of falsework is to support slab

 BS 5975:1996 (Ref. 3) recommends maximum erection

Last Updated:21 September 2016 © LMS SEGi education group 18

 It also discusses how these tolerances and

 Most common three categories of falsework

 Tube and coupler falsework.

 Purposely fabricated steel work.

Last Updated:21 September 2016 © LMS SEGi education group 19