Annotated Bibliography

King, A.B., Messer, N.T., & Roberts C.A. (1997). Equine veterinarians’ consensus report on the

care of horses on PMU ranches. North American Equine Ranching Council. Retrieved

from http://www.naeric.org/assets/pdf/ConsensusReport.pdf

This article ultimately concludes that the care given to PMU mares is comparable to that

of other livestock and perhaps even pleasure stock. The three veterinarians offer

relatively nonbiased summaries of the conditions found at PMU ranches, and they note

that not everything is perfect, but they offer suggestions to better adhere to code and

make the industry better for all involved.

Knapton, S. & Krol, C. (2017, Oct 13). Extreme horse breeding leaves animals looking like

cartoons, warn vets. The Telegraph. Retrieved from

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/2017/10/13/extreme-horse-breeding-leaves-animals-

looking-like-cartoons/

This article asserts that problems that arise from breeding simply to meet a breed standard

has spread to equitation. It covers the birth of El Rey Magnum, a horse that the authors

feel proves the idea that selective breeding can be taken to an unhealthy extreme.

Professionals observe that since horses are not mouth breathers, the warped nasal

structure of this horses will pose problems in its development. This article provides a

good and credible example of the negative side of horse breeding.

Marley, C. Movement and the pelvic angle. Retrieved from http://www.lhasa-

apso.org/movement/pelvis.html
 This article was written by an Apso breeder itself, and thus, it provides an interesting

viewpoint because it exemplifies the malformations associated with the Apso in its hips,

but at the same time, shows no preference toward breeding this trait into or out of the

Apso. The article is full of useful and high-quality diagrams that would aid in supporting

and exemplifying the real physical limitations that can arise from breeding.

McGreevy, P.D., & Nicholas, F.W. (1999). Some practical solutions to welfare problems in dog

breeding. Animal Welfare- Potters Bar, 8, 329-342. Retrieved from http://rp-

www.vetsci.usyd.edu.au/research/disorders/documents/solutiondogbreeding.pdf

This article goes into great detail in explaining the contradictory nature of official dog

breed standards and instances where written breed standards directly equate to real health

problems. The authors though, are hopeful that positive changes can be made to dog

breeding practices using the solutions they have outlined in this work. This article’s

outlining of various ailments found in different dog breeds is invaluable.

O’Neill, D.G., Church, D.B., McGreevy, P.D., & Brodbelt, D.C. (2013). Longevity and morality

of owned dogs in England. The Veterinary Journal, 198(3), 638-643. Retrieved from

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090023313004486

This article very quantitatively suggests a correlation between longevity and hybrid vigor.

In addition to working with hybrid vigor, the authors also looked into a wide variety of

factors that could influence health such as breed, neuter/spay, and body weight. This

article provides a good selection of factors that influence health with which to craft an

argument that supports hybrid vigor. .

Te Velde, H., Aarts, N. & Van Woerkum C. (2002) Dealing with ambivalence: farmers' and

consumers' perceptions of animal welfare in livestock breeding. Journal of Agricultural

and Environmental Ethics, 15(2), 203-219. Retrieved from

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1015012403331

This article summarized a qualitative research study between consumer and farmer

perceptions of animal welfare. It explained that the study was based in the idea that

people construct their opinions based on their frames of reference, and the average farmer

and consumer have very different frames of reference. The authors concluded that

farmers tended to be more emotionally distant toward their animals and their relationship

did not exceed simply providing care, while consumers tended to be more emotionally

driven in their definitions of welfare. The article also went into some ethics theories and

its mention of moral circles as well as the implicit contract between humans and animals

would be valuable to an ethics argument.

Thompson, P., Harris C., Holt D., & Pajor, E. A. (2007). Livestock welfare product claims: The

emerging social context. Journal of Animal Science, 85, 2354-2360. Retrieved from

https://watermark.silverchair.com/2354.pdf

This article basically asserts that that the rise of healthful-sounding buzzwords like

“pasture raised,” “non-GMO,” “fair trade,” and “bird friendly” have an impact on the

suppliers of such products because of the impact they have on consumers. The authors’

bottom line appears to be that advertising language succeeds in its intent to attract buyers

but does not actually make an empirical claim about the products or production. This
 article would prove to be useful in discussion about consumer views of the livestock and

other agricultural industries.

Universities Federation for Animal Welfare. (2011). Genetic welfare problems of companion

animals: manx syndrome. Retrieved from https://www.ufaw.org.uk/cats/manx-manx-

syndrome

This article and its in-depth analysis of “Manx Syndrome” is a perfect argument for

showing how and why cat breeding should be stopped or slowed. The article discusses

some of the devastating effects Manx cats experience as the people who breed them work

to create their trademark “tailless-ness.” The article is very well rounded in its approach

in that it covers topics ranging from the actual genetics behind the lethal gene as well as

the practical implications that Manx Syndrome and Spina Bifida have on these cats. The

article surprisingly, does not take a very strong welfare stance.

Vance, D. A. (2007). Premarin: the intriguing history of a controversial drug. International

Journal of Pharmaceutical Compounding, 11(4), 282-287. Retrieved from https://search-

proquest

com.libproxy.clemson.edu/docview/212049271/D901781F8E3443C3PQ/1?accountid=61

67

This article gives a comprehensive and reader-friendly overview of the ebb and flow of

the popular drug, Premarin as it relates to welfare concerns about production and its

relation to its manufacturer, Wyeth. The article does not focus as much on the PMU

industry as the title might have suggested, but it still has use regarding the information it

presents about Premarin itself – the product of the pregnant mare urine industry.
Wagner, S. (2001). Pissing their lives away: How the drug industry harms horses. The Animals'

Agenda, 21(2), 22-26. Retrieved from

http://libproxy.clemson.edu/login?url=https://search proquest-

com.libproxy.clemson.edu/docview/215894139?accountid=6167

This article gives a great summary of nearly all angles of PMU harvesting and farming

such as the ensuing meat market and the hope for the overall decline in sales due to the

rise of synthetic drugs that accomplish the same task of hormone replacement.

Additionally, the article took an interesting stance on the actual PMU industry by

explaining the industry’s deep desire to be seen as a legitimate staple of the larger horse

industry. The article additionally adds a personal aspect to it as it also follows the lives of

Betsy and Kate – two PMU mares that were rescued from a PMU farm. The information

in this article would be useful for gaining an overall understanding of the PMU industry

and also creating an argument against PMU ranches.