3.3 Safety Code For Industrial RT PDF

AERB SAFETY CODE NO.
AERB/SC/IR-1
SAFETY CODE
FOR
INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHY
Approved by the Board on October 5, 2001
This document is subject to review, after a period of one

year from the date of issue, based on the feedback received.
Atomic Energy Regulatory Board

Mumbai 400 094
Price:
Orders for this Code should be addressed to:
Administrative Officer
Niyamak Bhavan,
Anushaktinagar
Mumbai - 400 094
FOREWORD
Widespread utilisation of ionising radiation for multifarious applications in

medicine, industry, agriculture, research etc. has brought in its wake the need
for exercising regulatory controls to ensure safety of the users and members of
the public and protection of the environment. The Atomic Energy Regulatory
Board (AERB), constituted under the Atomic Energy Act, 1962 by the Government
of India, is entrusted with the responsibility of developing and implementing
appropriate regulatory measures aimed at ensuring radiation safety in all
applications involving ionising radiation. One of the ways to meet these
responsibilities is to develop and enforce specific codes and standards dealing
with radiation safety aspects of various applications of ionising radiation to cover
the entire spectrum of operations, starting from design of radiation equipment,
their installation and use to their ultimate decommissioning/disposal.
In view of the fact that regulatory standards and requirements, techniques of

radiation safety engineering and type of equipment change with time, it becomes
necessary to review and revise codes and standards from time to time to
incorporate these changes.
AERB has in the past issued safety guides on "Enclosed Radiography

Installations", "Open Field Radiography Installations", and "Handling of Radiation
Emergencies in Industrial Radiography". While the mandatory framework for
radiation safety in industrial radiography is provided in the Radiation Surveillance
Procedures issued under the Radiation Protection Rules, 1971, and safety
requirements of exposure devices and source changers are spelt out in a standard
(specifications), the regulatory requirements specific to radiography practices have
not been stipulated. However, AERB has ensured that the radiography equipment
and source changers used in the country comply with the safety standards and
are type approved. The need for a safety code elaborating the regulatory
provisions of the surveillance procedures has been felt both by the radiography
industry and by the agencies carrying out regulatory inspections in the country
for verification of compliance with safety stipulations. This Safety Code has now
been prepared by a task group (Task Group VI) constituted by AERB.
This Code consolidates all the regulatory requirements relevant to industrial

radiography in one document along with material reproduced from other
mandatory documents of AERB. It is thus a stand-alone document on the subject.
i
The Standing Committee for Review and Revision of AERB's Safety Documents
constituted by Chairman AERB has undertaken the scrutiny and finalisation of
this Code. Technical support has been provided by a committee constituted by
Chairman, AERB to assist in its finalisation. The Code was approved on October
5, 2001 by the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board for issuance in its present form
and is effective from its date of approval.
AERB wishes to thank all individuals and organisations who helped in the
preparation of the Code. The names of persons who participated in its preparation
are listed, along with their affiliations, for information.
(Suhas P. Sukhatme)
Chairman, AERB
ii
DEFINITIONS
A1
Maximum activity of special form radioactive material permitted in a Type A

Package.
A2
Maximum activity of radioactive material, other than special form radioactive

material, permitted in a Type A package.
Accelerator
A device in which charged particles are accelerated. Conventional X-ray tube is

not considered as an accelerator.
Accident
Any unintended event resulting in (or having potential to result in) injury or
damage to the equipment, which could cause release of unacceptable quantities
of radioactive materials.
Activity
The quantity A for an amount of radionuclide in a given energy state at a given

time, defined as:
A = dN/dt
where, dN is the expectation value of the number of spontaneous nuclear

transformations from the given energy state in a time interval dt. The SI unit of
activity is the reciprocal second, s-1, termed the becquerel (Bq).
Annual Limit on Intake (ALI)
The intake by inhalation, ingestion or through the skin of a given radionuclide

in a year by the Reference Man which would result in a committed dose equal
to the relevant dose limit. The ALI is expressed in units of activity.
iii
Applicant
Any person who applies to the competent authority for consent to undertake
any of the actions for which the consent is required.
Approval
A type of regulatory consent issued by the competent authority to a proposal.
Becquerel (Bq)
See 'Activity'
Competent Authority
Any officer or authority appointed, approved or recognised by the Government

for the purpose of the Rules promulgated under the Atomic Energy Act, 1962.
Consent
It is a written permission, issued to the consentee by the competent authority

to perform specified activities related to nuclear and radiation facilities. The types
of consents are 'License', 'Authorisation', 'Registration' and 'Approval', and will
apply depending upon the category of the facility, the particular activity and
radiation source involved.
Consentee
A person to whom consent is granted by the competent authority under the

relevant rules.
Contamination
Presence of radioactive substance in or on a material, or (in or on) the human

body in excess of quantities specified by the competent authority.
iv
Dose
A measure of radiation received or absorbed by a target. The quantities termed

absorbed dose, organ dose, equivalent dose, effective dose, committed equivalent
dose or committed effective dose are used depending on the context. The
modifying terms are used when they are necessary for defining the quantity of
interest.
Effective Dose
The quantity E, defined as a summation of the tissue equivalent doses, each

multiplied by the appropriate tissue weighting factor:
E = Σ WT.HT
T
where HT is the equivalent dose in tissue T and WT is the tissue weighting factor
for tissue T. The unit of effective dose is J.kg−1, termed the sievert (Sv).
Enclosed Installation
In the case of industrial radiography, installation in which radiography operations

are carried out in an enclosure, which has walls providing adequate radiation
protection to persons working outside the enclosure, and which prevents
unauthorised entry of persons into the enclosure during radiography operations.
Such installations may include open top installations also.
Emergency
A radiation incident leading to unforeseen circumstances where the radiation

exposure to workers and members of the public is not under control and may
lead to a potentially hazardous situation.
Employer
Any person with recognised responsibility, commitment and duties towards a

worker in his or her employment by virtue of a mutually agreed relationship
(A self-employed person is regarded as being both a worker and employer).
v
Equivalent Dose
The quantity HT,R, defined as:
HT,R = DT,R .WR
where DT,R is the absorbed dose delivered by radiation type R averaged over
a tissue or organ T and WR is the radiation weighting factor for radiation
type R.
When the radiation field is composed of different radiation types with different
values of WR, the equivalent dose is:
HT = ∑ WR.D
R T,R
The unit of equivalent dose is J.kg−1, termed the sievert (Sv).
Licence
It is a type of regulatory consent, granted by the competent authority for all

sources, practices and uses for nuclear facilities involving the nuclear fuel cycle
and also certain categories of radiation facilities.
Occupancy Factor (T)
For the purpose of calculating protective shielding, the factor by which workload
is multiplied, in order to take account of the degree of occupancy.
Package
The packaging with its radioactive contents as prescribed for transport;
Packaging
The assembly of components necessary to enclose the radioactive contents

completely.
vi
Personnel Monitoring
Determination or estimation of the dose received by a person from external and

internal radiation.
Quality Assurance
Planned and systematic actions necessary to provide adequate confidence that

an item or a facility will perform satisfactorily in service as per design
specifications.
Radioactive Waste
Material, whatever its physical form, remaining from the practices or interventions
and for which no further use is foreseen: (a) that contains or is contaminated
with radioactive substances and has an activity, or activity concentration, higher
than the level for clearance from regulatory requirements; and (b) exposure to
which is not excluded from regulatory control.
Radiography
Technique for obtaining, recording, and optionally processing, directly or after

transfer, information contained in an X-ray pattern at an image receptor area.
Radiography Source
A source sealed in one or more capsules, or an X-ray tube, or an electron

accelerator or a neutron source used for industrial radiography;
Radiography Technician/Radiography Technologist/Radiographer
A worker who performs radiography operations employing radiography sources

and possesses a valid qualification duly recognised by the competent authority
for the specific purpose.
Radiological Safety Officer (RSO)
Any person who is so designated by the employer and who, in the opinion of
the competent authority, is qualified to discharge the functions outlined in the
Radiation Protection Rules, 1971.
vii
Safety Site-in-charge
A person who has the qualifications and training prescribed for Level-II
Radiological Safety Officer and who is appointed by the consentee as the person
supervising industrial radiography operations at an authorised radiography site
with the approval of the competent authority.
Source Assembly
An assembly of components consisting of gamma radiography source and a

mechanism for connecting the drive system.
Source Changer
A device for transfer of radiography source(s) from or to exposure device, and

suitable for transport and storage of the source(s).
Source Drive Mechanism
A remotely operating mechanism which drives a radiography source out of, or

into, a storage container.
Source Guide Tube
A flexible or rigid tube through which the source holder moves from its secured
position in the source housing to its working position.
Special Form Radioactive Material
Either an indispersible solid radioactive material or a sealed capsule containing

radioactive material and approved by the competent authority as special form
radioactive material.
Type A Package
A package designed to withstand normal conditions of transport without loss

or dispersal of its contents or loss of shielding integrity. The radioactive material
viii
may be transported in a Type A package either in special form radioactive material
or other form with the proviso that the activity shall not exceed the applicable
limits prescribed in the relevant Code on Transport of Radioactive Materials (SC/
TR-1).
Type B(U) Package
A package designed to contain an activity in excess of A1, if special form

radioactive material, or in excess of A2, if not special form radioactive material,
that is designed to withstand normal and accidental conditions of transport
specified in the relevant Code on Transport of Radioactive Materials (SC/TR-1).
Type B(M) Package
A package whose design or shipment requires multilateral approval because it

does not meet all the requirements of a Type B(U) package.
Type Approval
Approval issued by the competent authority based on evaluation of the device

to ensure that it conforms to safety standards.
Worker
Any person, who works, whether full-time, part-time or temporarily, for an employer
and who has recognised rights and duties in relation to occupational radiation
protection (self-employed person is regarded as having duties of both an employer
and worker).
Workload (W)
For the purpose of shielding computation, the radiation output or equivalent

quantity integrated usually over a working week.
Note: Words and expression not defined in this Code, but defined in the Act, Rules and
Surveillance Procedures shall have the meanings respectively assigned to them in the Act,
Rules and Surveillance Procedures.
ix
SPECIAL DEFINITIONS
Collimator
A device used for limiting the size and shape of the primary radiation beam.
Crawler Equipment
Self-powered remote-controlled equipment containing X-ray/gamma ray source,

which can be introduced in a pipeline for radiographic inspection of welds.
Field Radiography
Radiography operations carried out on shop floors, erection sites or other such
areas, with provisions for adequate radiological safety for radiography personnel
and others, including members of the public.
Industrial Gamma Radiography Exposure Device
An assembly of components necessary to make radiographic exposure and which

includes source housing, source assembly mechanism for securing source
assembly control, and other components associated with positioning the source,
such as source guide tubes.
Industrial Radiography Installation
A radiation installation employed for industrial radiography operation. It can be

open-field radiography or enclosed radiography.
Leakage Radiation
Any radiation coming from the source housing, other than useful beam or primary
beam.
Pigtail
A short flexible cable connecting the source holder with the operating end of
the drive cable in a remotely operated gamma exposure device.
x
Radiation Level
The equivalent dose rate expressed in millisieverts per hour (mSv/h).
Radiation Monitoring Instrument
An active device or instrument used for detecting radiation fields and measuring
air kerma rate.
Scattered Radiation
Ionising radiation emitted by interaction of ionising radiation with matter, the

interaction being accompanied by a reduction in radiation energy and/or by a
change in direction of the radiation.
Shielding
Protective shielding in the form of attenuating material provided for radiological

protection.
Stray Radiation
The sum of leakage radiation and scattered radiation.
X-ray Equipment
Equipment consisting of a combination of X-ray generator, X-ray tube and

associated equipment.
xi
CONTENTS
FOREWORD .................................................................................................. i
DEFINITIONS................................................................................................. iii
SPECIAL DEFINITIONS ................................................................................ x
1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................ 1
2. RADIOGRAPHY EQUIPMENT AND SOURCES ............................. 3
3. INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHY INSTALLATION ............................ 10
4. PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES ............ 13
5. REGULATORY CONTROLS ............................................................... 20
6. EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS ......................................................... 26
APPENDIX-I : DOSE LIMITS .............................................................. 28
APPENDIX-II : FORMAT OF THE "APPLICATION FOR TYPE

APPROVAL OF INDUSTRIAL GAMMA
RADIOGRAPHY EXPOSURE DEVICE
AND SOURCE CHANGER" ........................................ 29
APPENDIX-III : RADIATION SYMBOLS .............................................. 35
APPENDIX-IV : FORMAT OF THE "LOGBOOK TO BE

MAINTAINED BY THE CONSENTEE AT THE
RADIOGRAPHY SITE" ................................................ 36
APPENDIX-V : FORMAT OF THE "INFORMATION TO

BE FURNISHED BY THE CONSENTEE
REGARDING THE LOCATION
DETAILS OF THE INDUSTRIAL GAMMA
RADIOGRAPHY EXPOSURE DEVICE" ..................... 38
APPENDIX-VI : FORMAT OF THE "APPLICATION FOR
APPROVAL OF NOMINATION OF
RADIOLOGICAL SAFETY OFFICER
IN INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHY" ........................... 40
APPENDIX-VII : FORMAT OF THE "INFORMATION TO

BE FURNISHED BY THE RADIOLOGICAL
SAFETY OFFICER IN INDUSTRIAL
RADIOGRAPHY INSTITUTION" ................................ 46
APPENDIX-VIII : FORMAT OF THE "APPLICATION FOR

APPROVAL OF SAFETY SITE-IN-CHARGE/
CERTIFIED RADIOGRAPHER IN INDUSTRIAL
RADIOGRAPHY" ......................................................... 50
APPENDIX-IX : FORMAT OF THE "APPLICATION FOR

AUTHORISATION TO DISPOSE OF
RADIOACTIVE WASTES, DECAYED/
UNUSED SOURCES (BY SMALL
INSTALLATIONS) " .................................................... 54
BIBLIOGRAPHY ..................................................................................... 57
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS ............................................................................. 58
TASK GROUP VI: TASK GROUP FOR PREPARATION OF SAFETY

CODE FOR INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHY ............................................... 58
STANDING COMMITTEE FOR REVIEW AND REVISION OF AERB'S .

RADIATION SAFETY DOCUMENTS (SCRCG) ......................................... 59
COMMITTEE TO FINALISE THE TEXT OF SAFETY CODE FOR

INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHY .................................................................... 60
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Purpose
This Code stipulates the requirements for radiation safety of persons

handling industrial gamma radiography exposure devices and X-ray
generating equipment for industrial radiography, in order to:
(a) ensure that radiography workers and members of the public are
not exposed to radiation in excess of the limits specified by the
competent authority under the Radiation Protection Rules, 1971,
and under the safety directives issued from time to time
(Appendix-I);
(b) reduce radiation exposures below these limits to levels as low as
reasonably achievable;
(c) ensure safe custody, use, transportation, and disposal of
radiography sources and equipment; and
(d) provide for prevention of hazardous situations and initiate
appropriate actions to mitigate consequences of radiation
emergencies.
1.2 Scope
Radiation safety in handling radiation sources is governed by sections

14, 16 and 17 of the Atomic Energy Act, 1962, and the Radiation Protection
Rules (RPR), G.S.R. 1601, 1971 issued under the Act. The Industrial
Radiography (Radiation Surveillance) Procedures G.S.R. 735, 1980 issued
under Rule 15 of RPR specify the general requirements for radiation safety
of (a) persons handling gamma radiography sources and (b) members of
public. The Radiation Surveillance Procedures for Safe Transport of
Radioactive Materials, 1987; the Atomic Energy (Safe Disposal of
Radioactive Wastes) Rules, G.S.R. 125, 1987; AERB Safety Code for
Transport of Radioactive Materials (AERB/SC/TR-1); AERB Standard for
1
Testing and Classification of Sealed Radioactive Sources (AERB /SS-3);
and AERB Standard (Specifications) for Radiological Safety for the Design
and Construction of Industrial Gamma Radiography Exposure Devices and
Source Changers (AERB/SS-1), specify the mandatory requirements
applicable to industrial radiographic practice. This Safety Code elaborates
the provisions relevant to various industrial radiography operations.
Guidance on implementing the requirements of this Code is provided in
the supporting document1. This Code does not cover neutron
radiography.
1 Safety Guide on Industrial Radiography
2
2. RADIOGRAPHY EQUIPMENT AND SOURCES
2.1 Gamma Exposure Device
2.1.1 General
The industrial gamma radiography exposure device (henceforth referred

to as the device) shall be capable of remote operation and control and
shall be designed and built to comply with the AERB Standard entitled
"Radiological Safety for the Design and Construction of Gamma
Radiography Exposure Devices and Source Changers", AERB/SS-1.
2.1.2 Source Housing
The device is classified as portable, mobile or fixed, depending on its

overall weight as specified in AERB-SS-1. Shielding provided by source
housing shall be such that when the control mechanism is securely locked
in its 'OFF' condition and a radiography source of maximum rated activity
is in the housing, the leakage radiation outside the housing shall not
exceed the limits given in the Table 2.1 for the three classes. In order
to establish compliance, the radiation level at 5 cm from the surface of
the device shall be measured over an area of 10 cm2 with no linear
dimension greater than 5 cm. At 1 m, the area of measurement shall be
not less than 100 cm2 with no linear dimension greater than 20 cm. The
limits are averaged over these measurement areas.
TABLE 2.1: LIMITS ON LEAKAGE RADIATION LEVELS
Class On the external At 5 cm from external At 100 cm from

surface of source surface of source external surface of
housing housing (mSv/h) source housing
(mSv/h) (mSv/h)
Portable 2 0.5 0.02
Mobile 2 1.0 0.05
Fixed 2 1.0 0.10
3
Source housing shall be so designed as to serve also as transport package
(either Type A or Type B) as appropriate. The maximum activity that can
be transported in a Type A package when the radioactive material is in
special form is as given in Table 2.2. The source housing shall comply
with the applicable design requirements for Type A/Type B package as
specified in the AERB Safety Code for Transport of Radioactive Material,
AERB-SC/TR-1.
TABLE 2.2: ACTIVITY LIMITS FOR TYPE A PACKAGE FOR

SPECIAL FORM RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL
Radionuclide Activity limit in TBq
60
Co 0.4
137
Cs 2.0
170
Tm 4.0
192
Ir 1.0
2.1.3 Marking and Labelling
Notwithstanding the permanent marking affixed by the manufacturer, as

specified in AERB-SS-1, the user shall attach to each device a durable,
legible, and clearly visible label bearing the (i) chemical symbol and mass
number of the radionuclide in the device; (ii) activity and the date on
which this activity was measured; (iii) model number and serial number
of the sealed source; (iv) manufacturer of the sealed source;
(v) consentee's name, address and telephone number; (vi) radiation
symbol (trefoil symbol); (vii) total weight of the device without removable
accessories; (viii) serial number of the device; and (ix) package design
approval identification number. If depleted uranium is used as shielding,
the device shall be so marked and the mass of depleted uranium shown.
2.1.4 Security and Safety
The device shall have tamper-proof lock for physical security of the
source to prevent unauthorised operation. It shall not be possible to
4
(i) operate the lock unless the source assembly is in fully shielded
position; or (ii) remove the source assembly/pigtail from the back of the
device even when the device is unlocked. Built-in features to prevent
system failures shall include means to ensure proper and firm connection
of the source assembly to drive cable and source housing to guide tube.
2.2 Source Changer
2.2.1 Source Housing
Source changer shall comply with the requirements of AERB-SS-1.

Leakage radiation (on the surface, at 5 cm, and at 1 m) with source(s)
of maximum capacity in the changer shall not exceed the limits specified
for portable class radiography device (Table 2.1). The method of
compliance shall be as specified in 2.1.2. Source changer shall also comply
with package design as specified in 2.1.2.
2.2.2 Marking and Labelling
Each source changer shall have attached to it by the user a durable, legible
and clearly visible label bearing (i) chemical symbol and mass number
of the radionuclide in the device; (ii) activity and the date on which this
activity was measured; (iii) model number and serial number of the sealed
source; (iv) manufacturer of the sealed source; (v) Consentee's name,
address and telephone number, (vi) trefoil symbol; (vi) serial number of
the source changer; and (vii) package design approval identification
number.
2.2.3 Security and Safety
Source changer shall have tamper-proof lock for physical security of the
source and to prevent unauthorised operation. It shall not be possible
to operate the lock unless the source or source assembly is in the fully
shielded position. Measures to ensure proper and firm connection of the
guide tube to the source changer shall be provided.
5
2.3 Sealed Source
The sealed source shall comply with the Standard (Specification) on

Testing and Classification of Sealed Radioactive Sources, AERB-SS-3. The
radiography source shall at least meet the requirement for 43313
classification (Table 2.3) of AERB-SS-3.
TABLE 2.3: TEST CONDITIONS FOR 43313 CLASSIFICATION
S. No. Test Conditions
1 Temperature −40°C (20 minutes), +400°C (1 hour) and

thermal shock +400°C to 20°C
2 External pressure 25 kPa absolute to 2 MPa absolute
3 Impact 200 g from 1 m
4 Vibration No test
5 Puncture 10 g from 1 m
2.4 X-Ray Equipment
(i) The protective tube housing shall be so constructed that the

stray radiation in any direction, averaged over an area of not more
than 100 cm2, shall not exceed 10 mGy per hour at a distance
of 1 m from the X-ray target when, with the beam portal shielded
adequately, the tube operates at its peak kilovoltage (kVp) and
maximum rated current.
(ii) The electrical cable shall be at least 7 m long for machines
operating up to 100 kVp, 10 m long for up to 200 kVp, 15 m long
for 200 - 250 kVp and 20 m long for above 250 kVp.
(iii) The control console shall have means to display the tube
potential, tube current, duration of exposure and X-ray beam
status. Energising the X-ray equipment shall be key-controlled to
prevent unauthorised use.
(iv) There shall be separate provision to terminate radiation
generation automatically after pre-set time and manually at any
time.
6
2.5 Crawler Equipment
(i) The gamma radiography crawler shall comply with requirements

specified in 2.1.2, and X-ray crawler shall comply with
requirements specified in sub-section 2.4.
(ii) Means shall be provided for external indication of the crawler
location in a pipeline. There shall be means to prevent exposure
when the external position indicator fails to function as intended.
(iii) The width of useful beam on the pipe surface shall not be greater
than 20 cm.
(iv) The crawler equipment shall shut 'OFF' automatically in the event
of any malfunction during use, i.e. X-ray crawler shall switch off
the beam and the gamma source shall retract to shielded position.
2.6 Accelerator Equipment
(i) The high energy particle accelerator generating X-rays shall meet
the requirements specified in sub-section 2.4 for X-ray equipment.
(ii) Key-controlled interlock shall be provided on the control console
to prevent unauthorised use.
(iii) The beam limiting system of a portable/mobile equipment meant
for use on shop floor or elevated locations shall restrict the
primary beam divergence to a cone of not more than 30° apex
angle.
(iv) An emergency push button shall be prominently located on the
control panel to terminate the radiation generation.
(v) When radiation generation is terminated, either by an interlock
or by action of emergency push button, it shall not be possible
to restart unless the exposure control is reset manually.
2.7 Type Approval of Radiography Equipment/Exposure Devices, Source

Changer and Sources
(i) Any X-ray equipment, accelerator or gamma radiography exposure

device/source changer shall be used only after it is type approved
by the competent authority.
7
(ii) The manufacturer/supplier seeking type approval shall submit an
application in writing along with detailed drawings of the
equipment/device and a report on safety analysis for type
approval (Appendix-II).
(iii) Safety analysis report shall provide evidence of compliance with
AERB-SS-1 and with applicable requirements of this Section and
the results of tests carried out on the prototype. The report shall
provide evidence on the quality assurance (QA) programme.
(iv) For gamma radiography exposure device manufactured in any
other country, type approval is granted based on documentary
evidence on their conformance to AERB-SS-1 Standard and
evidence that the device has the approval of Type A/Type B
package design by the competent authority of the country of
origin.
(v) Exposure device shall have an approval as package of appropriate
type for transport in public domain. Where necessary, the gamma
radiography source shall have been certified as meeting the
requirements of special form of radioactive material for transport
in accordance with AERB/SC/TR-1.
(vi) Exposure device, accelerator, X-ray equipment, or package shall
not be manufactured or supplied after expiry of validity period
specified in the type/package design approval unless the
approval is revalidated.
(vii) In case of certain equipment/device, the competent authority may
grant a No Objection Certificate (NOC) for import of one unit.
Type approval may be granted after evaluating the safety of the
equipment/device.
2.8 Servicing and Maintenance
(i) Servicing and maintenance of radiography exposure devices/

source changer or accelerator or X-ray equipment shall be
provided by service engineers certified by the competent
authority.
8
(ii) The manufacturer/supplier of radiation equipment, source changer
and device shall be responsible for providing servicing and
maintenance throughout the useful life of the equipment or device
or source changer by persons with appropriate qualification and
training. He/she shall also be responsible for safe disposal of
radioactive source and radioactive material.
(iii) The manufacturer or supplier shall also be responsible for supply
of spares and accessories.
9
3. INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHY INSTALLATION
3.1 Enclosed Radiography
(i) The room housing radiography equipment (exposure device/X-ray

equipment/accelerator) shall be in a location where the occupancy
and traffic are as low as practicable and shall not be located in
a residential building or an office complex. The installation shall
be fully enclosed and shielded, or enclosed on all sides except
ceiling (open top) and shall be duly approved by the competent
authority.
(ii) Fully enclosed installations shall have structural shielding for

walls/doors, ceiling and floor so that radiation level outside the
shielding conforms to annual dose limits for occupational workers
and general public as appropriate. In case of open top installation,
the scattered radiation (sky-shine) shall also be considered.
(iii) The conduit/opening for cables between the control room and
exposure room shall prevent direct streaming of radiation.
(iv) The door interlock shall prevent operation of X-ray equipment

or accelerator when the door is open or improperly closed. The
interlock shall activate a warning light and illuminate a placard
to caution persons during exposure. A radiation zone monitor
shall be provided near the entrance to continuously indicate the
radiation level. The monitor shall be capable of detecting even
a partial opening of entrance door. Radiation interlock shall
interrupt radiation generation when the radiation zone monitor in
the controlled area detects radiation in excess of a pre-set level.
(v) Exposure controls for the device/X-ray equipment/accelerator

shall be located outside the shielded room. Identification of each
control shall be distinct and unambiguous.
(vi) The concentration of ozone in accelerator room shall not exceed

0.1 ppm at the time of entry.
10
(vii) The radiation symbol specified under Rule 17 of the Radiation
Protection Rules, 1971 shall be conspicuously posted at the
entrance (Appendix-III). A placard indicating "RADIATION
HAZARD: RESTRICTED ENTRY" shall be posted, alongwith its
equivalent in Hindi as well as in local language, alongside the
radiation symbol. An X-ray hazard symbol as prescribed in
Appendix -III, shall be conspicuously posted in case an X-ray
machine is used.
(viii) There shall be sequentially operated search buttons in high

energy accelerator installation with long maze which does not
offer direct view from the control panel or entry door to ensure
that no person remains in the room when the machine is
energised. A trip wire shall be provided at easily accessible height
around the inside periphery of large X-ray or accelerator rooms
so that a person inadvertently present in the room when the
machine is 'ON' may pull the wire to trip off the radiation. There
shall be audible alarm inside the radiography room during
radiation generation.
3.2 Field Radiography
(i) Field radiography includes radiography in shop floors,

construction/erection sites and public areas and radiography
operations outside an enclosed installation. Field radiography
shall be carried out in locations where occupancy and traffic are
as low as practicable.
(ii) Field radiography shall not be carried out without the use of
collimator except in case where it is not physically possible. In
such a situation, field radiography shall be carried out with the
written permission of RSO Level-II.
(iii) The immediate surroundings of a radiation source shall be

cordoned off with a placard displayed at boundary to warn
against unauthorised presence inside or near the radiography site.
The cordon-off distance shall be determined on the basis of
11
workload and occupancy outside the boundary subject to
limitation of annual dose as specified in clause (ii) of sub-section
3.1.
(iv) The radiation symbol specified in clause (vii) of sub-section 3.1

shall be posted at the cordon along with placards with the legend
'RADIATION HAZARD--KEEP AWAY' and its equivalent in Hindi
as well as in local language. A red warning light shall be displayed
at night.
(v) An exclusive storage room conforming to the requirements of

clause (ii) of sub-section 3.1 shall be provided for safe custody
of sources in exposure devices during periods of non-use.
12
4. PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS AND
RESPONSIBILITIES
4.1 Consentee
In any radiography institution, the consentee shall:
(a) employ a minimum staff of (i) one certified radiographer for each
exposure device/equipment, (ii) one safety site-in-charge for each
radiography site (radiography operations being carried out at
places 5 km or more from each other are considered as separate
sites), and (iii) one radiological safety officer (RSO) level-III for
each institution engaged in radiography operations in more than
two sites at a time;
(b) have an organisational hierarchy with clear lines of authority and
responsibility and lines of communication in accordance with this
code;
(c) inform the competent authority of any change in the organisation;
(d) provide adequate facilities and resources to the RSO/safety site-
in-charge to discharge his duties and safety functions in
accordance with this Code;
(e) provide adequate facilities and resources to ensure that all
workers and trainees are provided with personnel monitoring
devices and these persons are instructed in writing to wear the
personnel monitoring devices while working with radiation;
(f) inform the competent authority immediately if RSO, safety site-
in-charge, or radiographer leaves the institution and suspend the
radiography work until the replacement personnel have assumed
charge of their tasks;
(g) ensure that industrial radiography installation is approved by the
competent authority and constructed according to the approved
design;
(h) ensure that gamma radiography exposure devices/X-ray
equipment/accelerators/source changers to be used are of the
type approved by the competent authority;
13
(i) ensure that the dose limits for workers and trainees are not
exceeded;
(j) investigate and initiate prompt remedial measures in respect of
any situation that could lead to personnel dose in excess of limits;
(k) ensure that reports on all hazardous situations, along with details
of any immediate remedial measures that may have been initiated,
are sent to the competent authority within 24 hours;
(l) ensure that the ultimate disposal of radiography sources is carried
out in a manner approved by the competent authority in
accordance with the Atomic Energy (Safe Disposal of Radioactive
Waste) Rules, 1987;
(m) ensure that at least one calibrated radiation monitoring instrument
in working condition is earmarked for every radiography
equipment;
(n) ensure that procedures for handling an emergency situation are
prepared in accordance with section 6 of this Code and a copy
sent to the competent authority;
(o) establish an internal inspection/audit procedure or other
management control to ensure that safe operating and emergency
procedures are observed by workers and the emergency
procedures rehearsed;
(p) maintain complete and up-to-date records of (i) doses, (ii) reports
of medical examinations, and (iii) occupational histories of workers
of the site applicable to standard industrial workers, with special
investigation of skin, hands, fingers and eyes;
(q) ensure that every worker is subjected to medical investigation
as specified by the competent authority prior to commencing
radiation work, and subsequently at intervals stipulated by the
competent authority and at the termination of work;
(r) maintain medical reports as specified in (p) and (q) above for
inspection at the site by any person authorised by the competent
authority;
14
(s) not loan radiography facilities, e.g. storage room, radiography
equipment, emergency accessories etc. to another radiography
agency without the consent of the competent authority;
(t) not borrow another consentee's facilities such as storage room,
equipment or personnel without the consent of the competent
authority;
(u) display the consent for site authorisation granted by the
competent authority and emergency procedures at the place of
radiography work;
(v) not employ any person below 18 years of age for radiation work
and not take any person of below 16 years as a trainee in radiation
work;
(w) maintain records of radiography exposures carried out in the
format specified in Appendix-IV;
(x) submit information regarding location details of the industrial
gamma radiography exposure devices in the format specified in
Appendix-V; and
(y) dispose/transfer any exposure device(s), containing depleted
uranium only after prior permission of the competent authority
and in accordance with sub-section 5.10 of this Code.
4.2 Radiological Safety Officer
4.2.1 Minimum Qualification for RSO Level-III:
(a) a degree in science with physics as one of the subjects;

(b) a post-graduate degree/diploma in radiological physics, or
five years experience as safety site-in-charge (RSO Level-II) and
appropriate up-gradation training course recognised by the
competent authority; and
(c) a certificate from the competent authority to function as
radiological safety officer (RSO).
15
4.2.2 RSO shall advise and assist the consentee on all aspects of radiation
safety. The responsibilities of RSO shall include:
(a) instructing workers on safety measures and safe work practices

aimed at minimising exposure to radiation and contamination;
(b) regulating safe movement of radioactive materials and ensuring
that packages containing radiography sources are properly
packed, labelled and declared as per AERB/SC/TR-1;
(c) ensuring that radiography sources and other radioactive materials
are not transported by public transport;
(d) investigating and initiating suitable remedial measures in
situations that could lead to radiation hazards;
(e) ensuring that reports of all hazardous situations along with details
of any immediate remedial actions taken are made available to the
consentee for reporting to the competent authority and a copy
endorsed to the competent authority;
(f) arranging for safe disposal of radioactive wastes by transfer of
decayed sources to the waste management agency approved by
the competent authority;
(g) maintaining inventories of radiography sources, calibration of
radiation monitoring instruments, log books, records of (i)
unusual occurrences, (ii) personnel monitoring, (iii) source
calibration, (iv) periodic survey of installation or site, (v) periodic
contamination checks on the radiography sources and guide
tubes, (vi) disposal of decayed radiography sources,
(vii) checking the performance and safety functions of the device
regularly and after servicing and maintenance, and
(viii) movement of exposure device to different site(s); and
(h) developing suitable emergency schemes to deal with radiation
emergencies.
16
4.3 Safety Site-in-Charge/RSO Level-II
4.3.1 Minimum Qualifications:
(a) a diploma in engineering or degree in science with physics as

one of the subjects; or
seven years experience as certified radiographer;
(b) training in radiography testing and safety (level-II) or equivalent
recognised by the competent authority; and
(c) a certificate from the competent authority to work as safety site-
in-charge.
4.3.2 The safety site-in-charge shall ensure that the radiographers carry out
the work safely.
4.3.3 The safety site-in-charge shall perform the functions of RSO specified in
sub-section 4.2.1 pertaining to the operations at site, transport of
radioactive sources from one site to another site, and storage of sources
and maintenance of records. The safety site-in-charge shall be deemed
to be RSO Level-II.
4.4 Certified Radiographer
4.4.1 Minimum Qualifications:
(a) 10+2 with physics and mathematics;

(b) training in radiography testing and safety (RT level-I) or its
equivalent recognised by the competent authority; and
(c) certificate from the competent authority to work as radiographer.
4.4.2 The radiographer shall refrain from any act that could be radiologically
detrimental to himself/herself, other workers and/or members of the public.
4.4.3 The radiographer shall:
(a) provide to the consentee information about his/her past radiation

work, if any;
17
(b) make proper use of protective equipment, radiation monitors and
personnel monitoring devices provided;
(c) promptly inform the safety site-in-charge and RSO of any accident
or potentially hazardous situation that may come to his/her
notice;
(d) comply with instructions of RSO/safety site-in-charge/consentee
concerning radiation protection; and
(e) ensure that trainees operate any radiography exposure device or
equipment in the presence of radiographer/safety site-in-charge/
RSO after wearing personnel monitoring badges.
4.5 Trainee
4.5.1 Minimum Qualification:
10+2 with physics and mathematics.
4.5.2 The trainee shall:
(a) not operate any radiography exposure device or equipment in the

absence of a certified personnel;
(b) make use of proper radiation monitoring instruments and
personnel monitoring devices and protective accessories
provided;
(c) comply with the instructions of radiographer/safety site-in-
charge/RSO on radiation protection; and
(d) give an undertaking to the competent authority in the prescribed
format and appear for radiography testing and safety (RT
level-I) course immediately after completing six months of field
experience/training.
4.6 Radiography Source Supplier
The radiography source supplier shall provide a certificate specifying

dimensional drawing of the source capsule and materials of construction,
18
radionuclide, activity with date of measurement, leak test results and
method. The source supplier shall be responsible for disposal of decayed
radiography sources.
4.7 Manufacturer/Vendor of Equipment
(a) Manufacturer/vendor shall supply radiography exposure device/

source changer/X-ray equipment/accelerator only after obtaining
a Type approval/NOC from the competent authority and only to
users authorised by the competent authority.
(b) Vendor shall provide user along with the equipment (i) technical
specifications; (ii) operating/servicing/ maintenance manuals; and
(iii) instructions for handling emergencies.
(c) Vendor shall provide user with detailed procedures for quality
assurance tests and checks to be carried out with specified
frequency to verify correct performance of the device/equipment.
(d) Manufacturer/vendor shall be responsible for installation,
commissioning, servicing and maintenance, decommissioning/
dismantling of equipment and for arranging disposal of the
decayed radiography sources and any other radioactive material
in the shielding.
(e) Manufacturer/vendor shall keep a record of radiography exposure
devices/source changers supplied, together with performance,
quality assurance and safety status of the device/source changer.
4.8 Servicing/Maintenance Personnel
Servicing and maintenance of any radiography equipment shall be carried

out only by persons authorised by the competent authority. The
authorised person shall ensure that no repair and maintenance is carried
out on radiography exposure device/source changer when it contains
radiography source. After repair and maintenance, he/she shall test the
safety of the equipment, certify its safety and enter details of repair and
maintenance in the logbook. While handling the equipment with
radioactive sources, he/she shall wear personnel monitoring devices and
direct reading dosimeters. He/she shall use radiation monitoring
instruments as and when required for ensuring safe radiation levels during
work.
19
5. REGULATORY CONTROLS
5.1 Consent
(i) Possession, use, import, export, transport and disposal of a

radioactive material/substance by any person is prohibited except
in accordance with the terms and conditions of a written consent
granted under sections 14, 16 and 17 of the Atomic Energy Act,
1962. The written consent may be a licence granted in accordance
with Rule 3 of Radiation Protections Rules (RPR), 1971. The
consents are not transferable.
(ii) The applicant for consent shall provide evidence that:
(a) the radiography equipment meets the requirements of

applicable standard as specified in section 2 of this Code;
(b) the installation/site is according to the requirements of
section 3 of this Code;
(c) trained persons specified in section 4 of this Code are
available;
(d) personnel monitoring devices are provided to all workers;
and
(e) radiation monitoring instruments are available and are in
good condition for use.
(iii) The consentee shall ensure that persons handling radiography

sources and radiation generating equipment comply with relevant
provisions of Radiation Protection Rules, Industrial Radiography
(Radiation Surveillance) Procedures, Radiation Surveillance
Procedures for Transport of Radioactive Material, Atomic Energy
(Radioactive Waste Disposal) Rules, Testing and Classification of
Sealed Sources, AERB/SS-3 and this Code. They shall also
comply with any safety directives issued by the competent
authority from time to time.
20
5.2 Installation/Site Plan
Layout plan for radiography installation shall provide radiation safety of

workers and members of public as specified in section 3 of this Code.
Approval shall be obtained from competent authority prior to construction
or commissioning. Detailed drawings showing the layout of rooms,
position of radiation source (exposure device/X-ray equipment/
accelerator), doors and windows, control room, work-areas and public
areas to a scale 1:500 shall be submitted to the competent authority. Any
change in radiation shielding or modification to the approved plan shall
be carried out only with the written concurrence of the competent
authority.
5.3 Procurement of Radiography Sources
Consentee shall obtain authorisation from the competent authority for

procuring radiography sources on the first occasion and replacement
sources subsequently.
5.4 Radiological Safety Officer
In pursuance of Rule 12 of Radiation Protections Rules, 1971 the employer

shall designate with the approval of the competent authority a qualified
person to function as RSO. The format of application for nomination of
an RSO is given in Appendix-VI. RSO shall submit reports to the
competent authority on radiation safety status in the institution once
every six months in the format given in Appendix-VII.
5.5 Commissioning of Radiography Installation or Radiography Site
(i) Any new radiography installation or site shall not be

commissioned unless compliance with the requirements of section
3 of this Code is verified and certified by the consentee.
(ii) When an installation is structurally modified or when the
equipment is repaired or modified, or any change in radiography
procedure is adopted, verification of compliance with provisions
of section 3 of this Code shall be repeated prior to
re-commissioning. Commissioning or re-commissioning shall be
21
subject to terms and conditions in the written approval of the
competent authority.
5.6 Operation and Use of Radiography Sources
(i) The exposure device shall be operated by a certified radiographer

and under the direct supervision of an approved safety site-in-
charge or RSO. The application form for approval of safety site-
in-charge/radiographer is given in Appendix-VIII.
(ii) Exposure for field radiography shall be collimated as specified in
clause (ii) of sub-section 3.2. The primary beam shall not be
directed towards occupied areas.
(iii) The radiographer shall ensure smooth operation of exposure
device prior to commencement of radiography work on each day.
Operational checks shall be recorded. The radiographer shall
measure the radiation levels around the radiography premises and
record the results.
(iv) Radioactive contamination in any accessible area of source
housing and source guide tube shall be checked at least once
in six months to verify the integrity of the sealed source. In case
the contamination is in excess of 185 Bq the device shall not be
used, and the competent authority shall be informed.
5.7 Transport of Radiography Source
(i) Not withstanding any requirements or regulations of carrier, the

transport of radiography source in public domain shall be in
accordance with AERB/SC/TR-1.
(ii) Consentee shall ensure that the radiography source is securely
immobilised and locked in the device or source changer before
being transported.
22
5.8 Change of Radiography Site
(i) Radiography sources shall not be used outside the installation

or site authorised by the competent authority.
(ii) When it becomes unavoidable to carry out radiography work at
a place other than the one authorised, the consentee shall notify
the competent authority of the intended change and obtain
written permission prior to commencing radiography operation at
the new site. This shall be followed by written request within 48
hours. The records of such movements shall be maintained as
per clause (g) sub-section 4.2.2.
5.9 Safe Custody of Radiography Sources and Radioactive Material
(i) Consentee shall be responsible for keeping the radiography

source and radioactive materials in his/her possession for safe
custody and providing adequate physical security. Exposure
device containing radiography source shall be kept under lock
and key when not in use and the key of the exposure device
kept in the custody of the certified personnel. The physical
security of exposure device shall be ensured at all times by
storing it in an approved storage room.
(ii) Radioactive sources shall not be lent/leased, gifted or transferred
to any other person except with the permission of the competent
authority.
(iii) Consentee shall send to the competent authority during the first
week of every month a statement of sources in his/her custody
in the format specified in Appendix-IV.
5.10 Disposal of Radiography Sources and Radioactive Material
Radiography source and radioactive material shall be disposed off only

after obtaining an authorisation as per the Atomic Energy (Safe Disposal
of Radioactive Wastes) Rules, 1987 from the competent authority. The
form for application for authorisation is given in Appendix-IX.
23
5.11 Inspection and Enforcement
(i) In pursuance of Rules 29 to 32 of Radiation Protection Rules,

1971, the competent authority or its authorised representative may
inspect:
(a) any site where radiography work is being carried out;
(b) any radiography equipment, installation, radiography
source; and
(c) any monitoring instrument, logbook, record of:
(i) unusual occurrences, (ii) personnel monitoring,
(iii) source calibration, (iv) periodic survey of installation
or site, (v) periodic contamination check on the
radiography sources/guide tubes, and (vi) source
movement and site authorisation.
(ii) If any violation is observed on inspection, the authorised
representative of the competent authority may:
(a) seal any radiation installation or any transport or
conveyance carrying radioactive materials or seize any
radioactive material or contaminated equipment; and/or
(b) indicate in writing to the consentee any modification
aimed at providing adequate protection, and the
consentee shall comply with the same.
(iii) If any violation is observed on inspection, the competent
authority may withdraw or revoke or modify the certificate issued
to the certified radiographer/safety site-in-charge/RSO.
5.12 Revocation, Modification or Withdrawal of Consent
In accordance with rules 8 and 9 of the Radiation Protection Rules, 1971,

the competent authority, if it considers necessary in public interest
pertaining to radiation safety, or if any of the provisions of Rules,
Surveillance Procedures, Standards and Codes have been contravened,
may, after giving a show cause notice to the person to whom the consent
has been issued, and after giving him/her an opportunity to make a
24
representation against the action proposed to be taken and consideration
of his representation, suspend the operation of a consent or revoke or
modify the terms and conditions of a consent at any time during the
currency of the consent.
5.13 Offences and Penalties
In pursuance of rule 11 of Radiation Protections Rules (RPR), 1971, any

person who contravenes the provisions of (a) RPR and (b) the Atomic
Energy Act, 1962, in so far as it concerns section 17 of the Act, (c) this
Code, or (d) terms and conditions of consent granted to him/her by the
competent authority, shall be punishable under sections 24, 25 and 26
of the Atomic Energy Act, 1962 and the relevant provisions of RPR, 1971.
The punishment may include imprisonment or fine or both, depending on
the nature of contravention.
25
6. EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS
6.1 Emergency Action Plan
(i) Consentee shall prepare action plans for all foreseeable

emergencies including the following:
(a) source failing to return to safe shielded position;
(b) loss/theft of radiography source at the installation/site
during use, in storage, in transport, or during natural
calamities; and
(c) fire.
Consentee shall ensure that all workers are familiar with the
emergency action plan.
(ii) The action plan shall specify:

(a) persons familiar with emergency action plan and
responsibilities and functions, line of authority and line
of communication;
(b) initial training and periodic re-training of persons in their
respective tasks;
(c) appropriate tools, radiation monitoring instruments, and
personnel monitoring devices to be kept and maintained
in working condition;
(d) most direct and alternate means of communication; and
(e) authorities to be contacted at the initial phase, during
progress and at termination of an emergency.
6.2 Reporting an Emergency
(i) RSO/safety site-in-charge shall:

(a) immediately report to the consentee on any emergency
situation and initiate remedial actions and endorse a copy
to the competent authority; and
26
(b) carry out prompt investigation on causes of the
emergency, evolve means to prevent recurrence and
submit a detailed report on the incident to the competent
authority.
(ii) Consentee shall:

(a) inform the competent authority of the incident within 24
hours of its occurrence and submit a detailed report on
the incident after carrying out investigations; and
(b) lodge a written compliant with the police in case of loss
or theft if the radiography source(s) are not traced within
24 hours.
27
APPENDIX-I
DOSE LIMITS
Workers
(i) The cumulative effective dose over a block of five years shall not exceed
100 mSv.
(ii) The effective dose in any calendar year during the five year block shall
not exceed 30 mSv.
(iii) (a) The equivalent dose in any calendar year to the lens of the eye
shall not exceed 150 mSv; and
(b) The effective dose in any calendar year to the skin, the hands
and feet, shall not exceed 500 mSv.
(iv) In the case of a woman worker of reproductive age, once pregnancy has
been established, the conceptus shall be protected by applying a
supplementary equivalent dose limit to the surface of the woman's
abdomen (lower trunk) of 2 mSv for the remainder of the pregnancy.
Internal exposures shall be controlled by limiting intakes of radionuclides
to about 1/20 of ALI. The employment shall be such that it does not
carry a probability of high accidental doses and intakes.
Trainees
The effective dose in any calendar year shall not exceed 6 mSv.
Public
(i) The effective dose for any calendar year shall not exceed 1 mSv.
(ii) In special circumstances, a higher value of effective dose could be allowed
in a single year, provided that the effective dose averaged over five years
does not exceed 1 mSv/y.
28
APPENDIX-II
Government of India
Niyamak Bhavan, Anushaktinagar
Mumbai-400094
FORMAT OF THE "APPLICATION FOR TYPE APPROVAL

OF INDUSTRIAL GAMMA RADIOGRAPHY EXPOSURE DEVICE AND
SOURCE CHANGER"
To be submitted by the applicant to the Chairman, Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, Niyamak
Bhavan, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai-400094 with a copy to the Head, Radiological Physics and
Advisory Division (RP&AD), Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), CT&CRS, Building,
Anushaktinagar, Mumbai-400094.
A. Manufacturer/Vendor
1. (a) Name and address of the applicant with PIN code (in block letters):
(b) Mode of communication:
Telephone with STD code
Fax
Telex
Telegram
E-mail
2. (a) Name and address of the manufacturer with PIN code:
29
(b) Mode of communication:
Fax
Telex
Telegram
E-mail
3. Person to be contacted regarding this application:
4. Name and type of gamma radiography exposure device to be type approved:
5. This application is for:
Type approval
Renewal of type Ref No.: Date: Valid till:
approval
B. Exposure Device
1. Name and type :
2. Class of exposure device : Portable/Mobile/Fixed
3. Gross weight : ............................... kg
4. Overall external dimensions : ............mm x ...........mm x ..............mm

(provide detailed drawing of
the device)
30
5. Maximum source capacity : ..................GBq of ........................................
(specify the radionuclide)
6. Exposure mechanism : ......................................................................
C. Source Housing
1. Material of shielding : ......................................................................
2. Maximum thickness and : ........................... mm, maximum

minimum thickness .......................... mm, minimum
3. Source location
from external reference : ...................cm ..................................
points (specify)
4. Leakage radiation levels measured at maximum source rating
a) at 5 cm from source housing : ........................................ mSv/h

averaged over an area of 10 cm2
b) at 100 cm from source housing : .........................................mSv/h

averaged over an area of 100 cm2
D. Safety Features
1. Locks (describe briefly the types of safety locks provided, locking mechanism etc.)
2. Can the source assembly be pushed/ : Yes/No

pulled out of the equipment without
operating the driving mechanism
3. Collimators (specify the type of : ......................................................................

collimator such as panoramic/straight
beam/diaphragms, their radial angles,
material of construction etc.)
4. Any other safety device :
E Radioactive Source Assembly
1. Name and address of the manufacturer:
31
2. Name and address of supplier:
3. External dimensions : ........... mm x ..........mm x .......... mm
4. Gross weight : ..................... g
5. Materials of construction (specify the materials of source capsule, and source holder, and
provide a separate drawing giving the dimensions of various components of the source
assembly)
(a) Source capsule : ......................................................................
(b) Source holder : ......................................................................
6. Classification number and certificate : C/E................................................................

issued along with the source
7. Type of coupling provided between : ......................................................................

the source assembly and driving
mechanism
F. Source Drive System
1. Model/type :
2. Gross weight : .................................. kg
3. Overall external dimensions : ........ ......cm x .........cm x...........cm
4. Source guide tube assembly
(a) Material : ...............................
(b) Diameter : ..................... mm
(c) Length : ........................ cm
32
5. Source drive cable
(a) Material : ............................
(b) Diameter : ......................... mm
(c) Length : ......................... cm
6. End fittings (Specify material, dimensions of end fittings to source guide tube and drive
cable)
(a) Material : ..............................

(b) Diameter : .......................... mm,
(c) Length : ............................ cm
7. Maximum distance between exposure : ........................................ m

device and control unit
8. Maximum distance between exposure : .........................................m

device and source in extreme
exposure positions when guide tube
is connected
9. Operational mechanism of remote :

control (describe briefly about any
special lock, source position indicator,
mechanical counter etc. provided in
the cranking unit)
10. (a) Is the guide tube flexible or : Flexible/rigid

rigid?
(a) Material and dimensions of : ...................................................

the guide tube
11. Type of mounting provided for : .........................................................

cranking unit (stand type/spool
type/pistol grip type/any other)
G. Quality Assurance
(a) For first approval:
Furnish quality assurance procedures for entire manufacturing as well as procedures

for servicing and maintenance
(b) Renewal of type approval:
(i) Number of devices supplied on : ...............................................

the date of application
(Give serial numbers)
33
(ii) Any modification to the present :
design or changes in components/
materials of construction/QA
procedures incorporated in the
approved model. If so, give details
(iii) Any change in the radioactive :

material or its quantity in the
approved model
(iv) Field use feedback on performance :

of devices supplied so far
(Attach details on the following):

(a) Availability of spares;
(b) Servicing and maintenance;
(c) Average frequency of failures or radiological malfunctions;
(d) Common failures in the order of frequency of their occurrence;
(e) Generic deficiencies/operational problems reported by the users; and
(f) Major incidents and causes.
H. Specify the national/international standards to which the equipment, source

changer and source comply and give details of tests conducted and their results:
I. Any other relevant information :
J. List of supportive documents (such as instruction manual, drawings, etc.) attached

with the application:
I certify that all the information furnished by me is correct to the best of knowledge and belief.
Place: Signature of the applicant:

Date : Name:
Designation:
(Seal of the institution)
34
MYK MYK
APPENDIX-III
RADIATION SYMBOLS
Fig. III.1 TREFOIL SYMBOL INDICATING PRESENCE OF RADIATION FROM A

RADIOACTIVE SOURCE
Fig.III.2 WARNING SYMBOL INDICATING POSSIBILITY OF RADIATION

FROM AN X-RAY GENERATING EQUIPMENT
35
MYK MYK
APPENDIX-IV
Government of India
Mumbai-400094
FORMAT OF THE "LOGBOOK TO BE MAINTAINED BY THE CONSENTEE AT

THE RADIOGRAPHY SITE"
Logbook to be maintained by the Consentee at the site and to be made available during
inspection by the representative(s) of the Chairman, Atomic Energy Regulatory Board,
Niyamak Bhavan, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai-400094
1. Name of the institution:
2. Location of use:
3. Details of exposure device, source pencil and radiography source:
Exposure device Source pencil Radiography source
Model Serial number Serial number, if Radionuclide Activity As on (date)

applicable
4. Details of radiation survey meter(s) available at the site:
Model Serial number Date of calibration
5. Name of the safety site-in-charge/RSO:
6. Personnel monitoring service number:
36
7. Details of exposures:
Date Name(s) of Average Number of Details of Duration in Maximum Whether Whether Name(s)
the operator(s) duration of exposures radiography hours radiation source exposure and
exposure (Use P for job level along returned to device signature(s)
panoramic cordon safe returned of the
and C for position in to storage operator(s)
collimated) exposure pit
From To device
Note: Logbooks shall be maintained separately for each industrial gamma radiography exposure
device
37
APPENDIX-V
Government of India
Mumbai-400094
FORMAT OF THE "INFORMATION TO BE FURNISHED BY THE CONSENTEE

REGARDING THE LOCATION DETAILS OF THE INDUSTRIAL GAMMA
RADIOGRAPHY EXPOSURE DEVICE"
To be submitted by the Consentee to the Chairman, Atomic Energy Regulatory Board,

Niyamak Bhavan, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai-400094
Part-A and Part-B should be submitted in the first week of every month.
Report for the month of Year
1. Name and address of the institution:
2. Telephone and Fax with STD code:
Telephone Fax
3. Personnel monitoring service number:
4. Number of films/TLD cards received:
38
Part-A: Site(s), industrial gamma radiography exposure device, trained personnel and monitors
available at site(s):
S.No Contract Safety site- Exposure Source Certified Trainee Survey meter Pocket Job type
awarding in-charge, device model, activity radiographer, radiographer, model, serial dosimeter and and number
party, his/her serial number received and his/her his date of number and charger model of exposures
site(s) and certificate and date(s) pencil certificate appointment date of and their during the
last number of movement number number and and PMS calibration serial month
inspection and its its validity number numbers
date validity
Part-B: Details of decayed sources returned:
S.No. Exposure device model Date of decayed Radionuclide, its activity on the
and serial number source return date of return
5. I hereby certify that all safety/emergency accessories are available at site(s), that they
are in working order and that they are being used regularly.
Place: Signature of the head of institution

Date: Name:
Designation:
(Office seal of the institution)
39
APPENDIX-VI
Government of India
Mumbai-400094
FORMAT OF THE "APPLICATION FOR APPROVAL OF NOMINATION OF

RADIOLOGICAL SAFETY OFFICER IN INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHY"
Bhavan, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai-400094
Part-1: Particulars of the institution
1. Name and address of the institution with PIN code:
2. Name, designation and address of the head of the institution with PIN code (the applicant)
in block letters:
40
3. Mode of communication:
Telephone with STD code:
- During office hours
- After officer hours
Fax
Telex
Telegram
E-mail
RSO approval
Renewal of Ref No.: Date: Valid till:
RSO approval
5. Details of radiation equipment/facilities/sources available in the institution
A. X-ray Radiography Equipment:
S.No. Name of the Make and Type Year of kVp mA Full address of
manufacturer installation max. max. location of use
1.
2.
B. Gamma Radiography Equipment:
S.No. Radiography equipment, Manufacturer's name Radionuclide used Maximum Full address of
model, and serial number and address as radiography activity the location of
source (GBq) use
1.
2.
41
C Any other sealed radioactive source (Give description, radionuclide, and activity on
a specified date):
6. Details of radiation measuring/monitoring instruments:
S.No. Name of the Make and type Radion type Scale Date of Date of most
manufacturer detected ranges purchase recent calibration
1.
2.
7. Details of unusual occurrences that have taken place in the past. Include any radiation
emergencies, loss of source or other incidents:
S.No. Date of incident Radiation equip- Nature of Details of Number of Maximum dose received
ment or source incident action persons by an individual as a
involved taken involved result of the incident
1.
2.
8. Details of radiation workers in the institution:
S.No Name of employee Designation Responsibilities Date of Personnel monitoring

and date of birth and functions commencement of service number
radiation work
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
42
Part-2: Particulars of the RSO-designate
1. Name (with initials expanded) of the person to be

designated as RSO (in block letters):
PLEASE AFFIX A
RECENT
PASSPORT SIZE
PHOTOGRAPH
2. Present designation of the nominee:
3. Address with PIN code (in block letters):
Office address:
Residential address:
Permanent home address:
43
4. Academic qualifications and training courses in radiation safety:
Qualifications S.No. University/Examining body Degree/ Year of Subject(s) of study

Diploma passing
Academic 1.
2.
3.
Training 1.
courses in
radiation 2.
safety
5. Experience in radiation work:
S.No. Year(s) of work Name of institution Radiation Maximum PMS number

and address equipment, sources activity
handled handled
1.
2.
3.
6. Radiation equipment/radioactive materials for which the RSO will be responsible:
Radiation equipment
Radioactive material
7. Additional responsibilities proposed to be assigned to the RSO
8. (a) I hereby certify that the information furnished above is correct to the best of
my knowledge and belief;
(b) I undertake to abide by the conditions stipulated by the competent authority from
time to time and follow guidelines in discharging the duties and responsibilities
as RSO; and
44
(c) I further undertake to inform the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board immediately
in case I am relieved of my services as RSO.
Date: Signature of RSO-designate
Name:
9. (a) I hereby certify that all the statements made in the application are correct to
the best of my knowledge and belief;
(b) I hereby undertake to provide all necessary facilities to the RSO to discharge his/
her duties and functions effectively; and
(c) I further undertake to inform Atomic Energy Regulatory Board immediately in

case the RSO is relieved of his duties.
Place: Signature of the head of the institution

(the applicant).
Date: Name:
Designation:
45
APPENDIX-VII
Government of India
Mumbai-400094
FORMAT OF THE "INFORMATION TO BE FURNISHED BY THE RADIOLOGICAL

SAFETY OFFICER IN INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHY INSTITUTION"
To be submitted by the Radiological Safety Officer to the Chairman, Atomic Energy

Regulatory Board, Niyamak Bhavan, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai-400094
Reporting period from .................................. to ...............................................
1. Name and address of the institution with PIN code (in block letters):
2. Name, designation and address of the head of the institution:
3. Site(s) for which RSO is responsible:
4. Performance and radiation safety status of radiation equipment(s). (Fill in Form-A. Use
separate Form-A for each unit):
(a) Industrial radiography exposure device;

(b) Industrial X-ray equipment;
46
(c) Industrial accelerator; or
(d) Any other (specify).
5. Status of sealed radioactive sources:
(a) Total activity of each radionuclide at the beginning of the reporting period;
(b) Additional sources procured during the reporting period.
6. Transport of radioactive material:
(a) How many times were the radiography sources/radiography exposure devices
transported from one site to another site? Give full details;
(b) How many times were the decayed radioactive sources transported to BRIT/ BARC?
(Give full details).
State whether
(i) the packing, marking and labelling were properly done;
(ii) radiation levels for each package were measured prior to transportation;
(iii) transport index was assigned;
(iv) prior intimation was sent to the consignee;
(v) transport certificate was issued by the RSO to the carrier; and
(vi) the package was received at BRIT in proper condition.
(c) Details of any incident or unusual occurrence during transport, with information on
nature of incident, location, radionuclide and activity involved, exposure to transport
workers and public etc., and consequence of incident. If any source was lost in transport,
state whether the source was recovered. State the nature of investigations carried out
by RSO on the causes and consequences of the incident and steps taken to prevent such
recurrence.
7. Status of radiation measuring and monitoring instruments:
(a) Name(s) and model(s) of the instrument;
(b) Date(s) of procurement;
(c) Frequency and method of calibration check;
(d) Date(s) of recent calibration;
(e) Present status of the instrument.
47
8. Maintenance of records:
(a) Personnel exposure records are maintained up-to-date : Yes/No
(b) Inventory of sealed radioactive sources : Yes/No
(c) Radioactive waste disposal : Yes/No
(d) Radiation protection surveillance : Yes/No
(e) Incidents and unusual occurrences : Yes/No
(f) Calibration of radiation detection instruments : Yes/No
(g) Movement of radiography exposure devices : Yes/No
(h) Medical records of radiation workers : Yes/No
9. Details of inspections performed by AERB/RP&AD officials during reporting period:
10. Details of any training programme conducted by RSO for radiation workers during the
reporting period:
11. Control and surveillance measures for the storage and radiography area. Furnish details:
12. Details of over-exposures received by workers during the reporting period. Include details of
investigations carried out by RSO on the circumstances causing overexposures and steps
initiated to prevent such recurrence:
13. Any other information on radiation safety matters in the institution:
Place: Signature :
Date: Name of RSO :
48
Form-A
Attachment to the "Information to be furnished by the Radiological Safety

Officer in an Industrial Radiography Institution"
INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHY EXPOSURE DEVICES
(a) Make and type of the radiography :

exposure device
(b) Date of procurement :
(c) Date of recent source replacement

and source strength :
(d) Average number of exposures

taken daily :
(e) Details of any major repair/servicing :
(f) In case any worn out part was :

replaced, state whether the replaced
part is original from the
manufacturer or improvised locally
(g) Details of any radiation emergency :

which had occurred in the reporting
period
(h) General assessment on the

performance of the :
radiography exposure device
49
APPENDIX-VIII
Government of India
Mumbai-400094
FORMAT OF THE "APPLICATION FOR APPROVAL OF SAFETY SITE-IN-

CHARGE/CERTIFIED RADIOGRAPHER IN INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHY"
To be submitted by the applicant to the Head, Radiological Physics and Advisory Division,
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, CT & CRS Building, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai-400094 with
a copy to the Chairman, Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, Niyamak Bhavan, Anushaktinagar,
Mumbai-400094
1. Name in full (with initials expanded) in block letters:
PLEASE AFFIX A
RECENT
PASSPORT SIZE
Date of birth PHOTOGRAPH
2. Father's name:
3. Permanent home address with PIN code:
50
4. Name, designation and address of the head of the institution with PIN code (in block
letters):
5. Mode of communication with the institution:
Telephone with STD code:
- During office hours

- After officer hours
Fax
Telex
Telegram
E-mail
6. Type of certificate: (a) Safety Site-in-charge/Radiographer
(b) Original/Duplicate

Safety Site-in-charge/
Radiographer approval
Renewal of Safety Ref No.: Date: Valid till:

Site-in-charge/
Radiographer approval
8. Month and year of enrolment in personnel monitoring service (PMS):
Write institution and personnel monitoring numbers:
51
9. Academic qualifications and training courses in radiation safety (enclose copy of pass
and other certificates):
Qualifications S.No. University/Examining body Degree/ Year of Subject(s) of study

Diploma passing
Academic 1.
2.
Training courses 1.
in radiation
safety: IRG-1, 2.
RT-2, RT-1, any
other (specify)
10. Experience in radiation work:
S.No. Year(s) of work Name of institution Radiation Maximum PMS number

and address equipment, sources activity
handled handled
1.
2.
3.
11. (a) I hereby certify that the information furnished above is correct to the best of
my knowledge and belief;
(b) I undertake to abide by the conditions stipulated by the Competent Authority

from time to time and follow guidelines in discharging the duties and responsibilities
as safety site-in-charge/radiographer; and
(c) I further undertake to inform the Chairman, Atomic Energy Regulatory Board
and the Head, Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research
Centre, CT&CRS Building, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai-400094, immediately in case
of change of employment or employer.
Place: Signature of Site-in-charge/Radiographer

Date: Name:
52
12. (a) I hereby certify that all the statements made in the application are correct to
the best of my knowledge and belief;
(b) I hereby undertake to provide all necessary facilities to the safety site-in-charge/
radiographer to discharge his/her duties and functions effectively; and
(c) I further undertake to inform the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board/Radiological

Physics and Advisory Division immediately in case the safety site-in-charge/
radiographer leaves this institution.
Place: Signature of the head of the institution

(the applicant)
Date: Name:
Designation:
53
APPENDIX-IX
Government of India
Mumbai-400094
FORMAT OF THE "APPLICATION FOR AUTHORISATION TO DISPOSE OF

RADIOACTIVE WASTES, DECAYED/UNUSED SOURCES
(BY SMALL INSTALLATIONS)
Bhavan, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai-400094
FORM-V
S. No.________
To be filled byAERB
Authorisation No._______________________
Date___________________________________
Part-A : Particulars of Institution
1. Name, Designation and Official address :

of the applicant (with Telephone numbers
with STD Code during and after office hours
and Telex/FAX No.)
2. Name and Address of the Head of institution :
3. Address of Agency to whom the :

Radioactive waste, decayed/
unused sources are to be sent for
disposal (if applicable)
4. Authorisation of AERB/BARC (with No. :

and date) to use radioactive source/
equipment
5. Name of the Radiological Safety Officer :

of the installation
6. No. of staff members in the installation :

experienced in radioactive waste disposal
54
Part-B
Radiography Sources:
Details of camera Radionuclide Number of Maximum activity of Remarks

source the decayed source to
Make Model S.No. replacements be sent for
per year replacement
Part-C
1. Facilities and procedures for waste management operations:
Solid Liquid Gas
(a) Collection :
(b) Transfer :
(c) Interim storage :
(d) Disposal :
(e) Monitoring and :

Surveillance for
radioactivity
2. Please enclose a layout indicating the location(s) of radioactive waste disposal site(s).
Specify the nature of environment and occupancies up to a radius of 200 m from pit(s)
and effluent discharge point(s).
3. Any other relevant information:
55
4. Undertaking
We hereby certify that:
(a) all the statements made above are correct to the best of our knowledge and
belief;
(b) the radioactive waste will not be disposed of except as specified in this application;
(c) radioactive waste will not be moved from the authorised site without prior approval
of the competent authority;
(d) any change in personnel, equipment and working conditions from those given
in this application will be made only with the approval of the competent authority;
(e) full facilities will be accorded to any authorised representative of the competent
authority to inspect the installation where the radioactive waste is handled;
(f) radiation monitoring and surveillance will be regularly carried out to ensure adequate
protection for workers and public;
(g) the radioactive waste will not be sold, rented or transferred to any other institution,
without prior approval of the competent authority; and
(h) all stipulations that may be made from time to time by the Competent Authority,
under Radiation Protection Rules, 1971 and Atomic Energy (Safe Disposal of
Radioactive Wastes) Rules, 1987 will be duly implemented.
Place: Signature of the applicant

Date: Name:
Designation:
Signature of the head of institution

Name:
Designation:
56
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Atomic Energy Act, 1962 (33 of 1962).
2. Radiation Protection Rules, G.S.R. 1601, 1971.
3. Atomic Energy Regulatory Board; its powers and functions: Constitution

Order by Government of India (Order No. 25/2/83-ER dated 15.11.83),
S.O. - 4772, 1983.
4. Industrial Radiography (Radiation Surveillance) Procedures, G.S.R. 735, 1980.
5. Atomic Energy (Safe Disposal of Radioactive Wastes) Rules, G.S.R. 125, 1987.
6. Radiation Surveillance Procedures for Safe Transport of Radioactive

Materials, 1988.
7. Code for Safety in Transport of Radioactive Material, AERB Code No.

SC/TR-1.
8. Safety Guide for Compliance Assurance Programme for Safe Transport of

Radioactive Material, AERB Guide No. SG/TR-1, 1991.
9. Safety Guide for Procedure for Forwarding, Transport, Handling and Storage
of Radioactive Consignments, AERB Guide No. SG/TR/3, 1991.
10. Standard for Testing and Classification of Sealed Radioactive Sources,

AERB/SS/3, 2000.
11. Standard (Specifications) for Radiological Safety for the Design and
Construction of Industrial Gamma Radiography Exposure Devices and Source
Changers, AERB/SS/1, 1992.
12. International Standard — Apparatus for gamma radiography — Specification

ISO - 3999, 1977.
57
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
TASK GROUP VI
TASK GROUP FOR PREPARATION OF

SAFETY CODE FOR INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHY
Members of the Task Group:
Dr. I.S.S. Rao (Convenor) : Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, Mumbai
Dr. S.K. Mehta : Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai

(Formerly)
Shri S.P. Agarwal : Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai
Shri S.S. Ali : MERADO, Pune
Shri E. B. Ardhanari : WIL, Walchandnagar, (Formerly)
Shri V.G.R. Subramanian : Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology,

Mumbai
Shri P. Subrahmanyam : Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai,

(Formerly)
Shri K.D. Pushpangadan : Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, Mumbai

(Member-Secretary)
58
STANDING COMMITTEE FOR REVIEW AND REVISION
OF AERB'S RADIATION SAFETY DOCUMENTS (SCRCG)
Members participating in the meeting:
Shri A. Nagaratnam (Chairman) : Defence Research and Development

Organisation, Hyderabad, (Formerly)
Shri E.B. Ardhanari : Walchandnagar Industries Limited,
Walchandnagar, (Formerly)
Shri P.K. Ghosh : Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, Mumbai
Dr. P.S. Iyer : Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai,
(Formerly)
Dr. S.K. Mehta : Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai
(Formerly)
Dr. B.K.S. Murthy : Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai
(Formerly)
Dr. A.R. Reddy : Defence Research and Development,
Organisation, Delhi
Dr. I.S.S. Rao : Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, Mumbai
(Formerly)
Shri P.S. Viswanathan : Apollo Cancer Hospitals, Chennai, (Formerly)
Dr. B.C. Bhatt : Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai
(Co-opted Member, since 1-9-1997)
Shri J.S. Bisht : Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai

(Co-opted Member) (Formerly)
Dr. M.S.S. Murthy : Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai,
(Co-opted Member, till 31-8-1997) (Formerly)
Dr. A.N. Nandakumar : Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai
(Co-opted Member)
Shri K.D. Pushpangadan : Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, Mumbai

(Member-Secretary)
59
COMMITTEE TO FINALISE THE TEXT OF
SAFETY CODE FOR INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHY
Shri P.K. Ghosh : Atomic Energy Regulatory Board,

(Chairman) Mumbai
Shri K.D. Pushpangadan : Atomic Energy Regulatory Board,

Mumbai
Shri A.U. Sonawane : Atomic Energy Regulatory Board,

(Member-Secretary) Mumbai
60

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AERB SAFETY CODE NO.

Approved by the Board on October 5, 2001

This document is subject to review, after a period of one

Atomic Energy Regulatory Board

Orders for this Code should be addressed to:

Widespread utilisation of ionising radiation for multifarious applications in

In view of the fact that regulatory standards and requirements, techniques of

AERB has in the past issued safety guides on "Enclosed Radiography

This Code consolidates all the regulatory requirements relevant to industrial

Maximum activity of special form radioactive material permitted in a Type A

Maximum activity of radioactive material, other than special form radioactive

A device in which charged particles are accelerated. Conventional X-ray tube is

The quantity A for an amount of radionuclide in a given energy state at a given

where, dN is the expectation value of the number of spontaneous nuclear

Annual Limit on Intake (ALI)

The intake by inhalation, ingestion or through the skin of a given radionuclide

A type of regulatory consent issued by the competent authority to a proposal.

Any officer or authority appointed, approved or recognised by the Government

It is a written permission, issued to the consentee by the competent authority

A person to whom consent is granted by the competent authority under the

Presence of radioactive substance in or on a material, or (in or on) the human

A measure of radiation received or absorbed by a target. The quantities termed

The quantity E, defined as a summation of the tissue equivalent doses, each

In the case of industrial radiography, installation in which radiography operations

A radiation incident leading to unforeseen circumstances where the radiation

Any person with recognised responsibility, commitment and duties towards a

The quantity HT,R, defined as:

HT,R = DT,R .WR

The unit of equivalent dose is J.kg−1, termed the sievert (Sv).

It is a type of regulatory consent, granted by the competent authority for all

Occupancy Factor (T)

The packaging with its radioactive contents as prescribed for transport;

The assembly of components necessary to enclose the radioactive contents

Determination or estimation of the dose received by a person from external and

Planned and systematic actions necessary to provide adequate confidence that

Technique for obtaining, recording, and optionally processing, directly or after

A source sealed in one or more capsules, or an X-ray tube, or an electron

Radiography Technician/Radiography Technologist/Radiographer

A worker who performs radiography operations employing radiography sources

Radiological Safety Officer (RSO)

An assembly of components consisting of gamma radiography source and a

A device for transfer of radiography source(s) from or to exposure device, and

Source Drive Mechanism

A remotely operating mechanism which drives a radiography source out of, or

Source Guide Tube

Special Form Radioactive Material

Either an indispersible solid radioactive material or a sealed capsule containing

A package designed to withstand normal conditions of transport without loss

Type B(U) Package

A package designed to contain an activity in excess of A1, if special form

Type B(M) Package

A package whose design or shipment requires multilateral approval because it

Approval issued by the competent authority based on evaluation of the device

For the purpose of shielding computation, the radiation output or equivalent

Self-powered remote-controlled equipment containing X-ray/gamma ray source,

Industrial Gamma Radiography Exposure Device

An assembly of components necessary to make radiographic exposure and which