TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page No.
Declaration iv
Certificate v
Abstract vi
Acknowledgement vii
List of Figures viii

CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTON…………………..………..………………………………….……. 1-2

1.1 General………………………………………..…………………....……….....……..…….….1
1.2 Energy absorbed by a brake……………………...…...............................................................1
1.3 Braking requirement…………………………………………………….……....…………......2

CHAPTER 2: HEAT TO BE DISSIPIATED DURING BRAKING….…….……………….……...3-4

2.1 Heat generation……………….…………………………..…….………….….…………...……3
2.2 Basic requirements of braking………………………………………………..…………...….....4

CHAPTER 3: INTRODUCTION TO DRUM BRAKES……………………………………..……5-13

3.1 Drum brakes……………………………………………………………….……….……..…….5
3.2 History of drum brakes………………………………………………………………...………..5
3.3 Components……………………………………………………………….……….……...…….9
3.3.1 Back plate……………………………………………………….………….……...….6
3.3.2 Brake drum…………………………………………………….……………………...7
3.3.3 Wheel cylinder……………………………………………….…………….……...….7
3.3.4 Brake shoe…………………………………………………….…………….……...…8
3.4 In operation…………………………………………………………….…………………...…..9
3.5 Automatic self-adjustment…………………………………………….…………………...…...9
3.6 Parking/Emergency brake………………………………………………….……………...…....9
3.7 Self-applying brake………………………………………………………………………...…...9
3.8 Drum brake designs………………………………………………………….……….…………9
3.9 Advantages of drum brakes…………………………………………………..……………......10
3.10 As a driveshaft parking/emergency brake………………………………….…………...……11
3.11 Disadvantages of drum brake……………………………………………….….………...…..11
3.12 Safety………………………………………………………………………….….……...…...13

CHAPTER4: INRODUCTION TO DISC BRAKE………………..………………………………14-22

4.1 Disc brake…………………………………………………………………………………..…..14
4.2 History …………………………………………...………………………………………..…...15
4.3 Early experiment……………………………………….……………………..………………..16
4.3.1 Racing brakethrough…………………………………………………...………..…16
4.3.2 Mass production………………………………………………………..……….…16
4.3.3 Disc brakes in the US……………………………………………………..……….17
4.3.4 Motorcycle applications………………………………………………..………….17

Page ii
 4.4 Disc brake basics……………………………………………………………….……...……….17
4.4.1 Types of disc brakes…………………………………………………….………....17
4.4.2 Main parts……………………………………………………………….………....17
4.5 Working of disc brakes……………………………………………………………….………..18
4.5.1 Floating-caliper disc brakes………………………………………………..……....18
4.5.2 Fixed-caliper disc brakes…………………………..………………………..……..19
4.5.3 Sliding-caliper disc brakes…………………………………………………...….....20
4.6 Self adjustment of disc brakes…………………………………………………………...……..20
4.7 Emergency brakes………………………………………………………………………..…….20
4.8 Brake fade………………………………………………………………………………….…..21
4.9 Brake modifications to reduce fade……………………………………………………...……..21
4.10 Advantage of disc brake…………………………………………………………..……...21
4.11 Disadvantage of disc brake………………………………………………………..….….22

CONCLUSION………………….……….………………………………………………….….….….…23

REFERENCES……………..……………………..…………………………………………..…..……..24

CURRICULUM VITAE…………….……………………………………………………………….25-26

Page iii
 DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this submission is of my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and
belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which
to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the
university or other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgment has been made in
the text.

Signature:
Name: AMAN PAL
Roll No.:1416440023
Date:

Page iv
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Seminar Report entitled “Mechanical Braking System” which is submitted by
AMAN PAL in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree B. Tech. in Department
of Mechanical Engineering of Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, is a record of the
candidate own work carried out by him under my/our supervision. The matter embodied in this thesis
is original and has not been submitted for the award of any other degree.

Dr. NITIN SRIVASTAVA Mr. Bhola Chaurasia

Head of Department Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Department of Mechanical
Engineering Engineering

Page v
 ABSTRACT

The current tendencies in automotive industry need intensive investigation in problems of interaction
of active safety systems with brake system equipments A brake is a device by means of which
artificial frictional resistance is applied to a moving machine member, in order to retard or stop the
motion of a machine. In the process of performing this function, the brake absorbs either kinetic
energy of the moving member or potential energy given up by objects being lowered by hoists,
elevators etc. The energy absorbed by brakes is dissipated in the form of heat. This heat is dissipated
in the surrounding air (or water which is circulated through the passages in the brake drum) so that
excessive heating of the brake lining does not take place. One of the first steps taken to improve
braking came in the early '70s when manufacturers, on a widespread scale, switched from drum to
disc brakes. Since the majority of a vehicle's stopping power is contained in the front wheels, only
the front brakes were upgraded to disc during much of this period. Since then, many manufacturers
have adopted four-wheel disc brakes on their high-end and performance models as well as their low-
line economy cars.

Page vi
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It gives me a great sense of pleasure to present the seminar report of the B. Tech Project undertaken
during B. Tech. Final Year. I owe special debt of gratitude to Bhola Chaurasia Assistant Professor,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur for his
constant support and guidance throughout the course of our work. His sincerity, thoroughness and
perseverance have been a constant source of inspiration for us. It is only his cognizant efforts that
our endeavors have seen light of the day.

I also take the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of Dr.Nitin Srivastava (HOD),
Department of Mechanical Engineering, for his full support and assistance during the development
of project.

I also do not like to miss the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of all faculty members of
the department for their kind assistance and cooperation during the development of our project. Last
but not the least; we acknowledge our family & friends for their contribution in the completion of the
project.

Signature:
Name: AMAN PAL
Roll No. 1416440023
Date:

Page
vii
 LIST OF FIGURES
Figure1: Brake system components………………………………………………………….………..2

Figure2: Drum brake………………………………………………………………………..................5

Figure3: Back plate................................................................................................................................6

Figure 4: Brake drum…………………………..…...............................................................................7

Figure 5: Wheel cylinder……………………….……...........................................................................7

Figure 6: Brake shoe……………………………….............................................................................8

Figure 7: Disc brake…………………………….................................................................................14

Figure 8: A drilled motorcycle brake disc…........................................................................................15

Figure 9: Brake pad……………………………..................................................................................18

Figure 10: Caliper and rotor……………………….............................................................................18

Figure 11: How a disc brake works……….........................................................................................19

Figure 12: Stages of working……………………………...................................................................19

Figure 13: Emergency brakes……………………………...................................................................20

Page
viii
Page 9