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Op Amplifier
Op Amplifier
Op Amplifier
H(s) = 1 / F
Kirchoff’s Law
◦ Voltage Law: The
sum of all the
voltage drops V1 + V2 + V3 =
Vin
around the loop =
Vin
Resistance (Ohms
– Ω)
◦ Series
Basic Circuits Review
Capacitance (Farad –
F)
◦ Series
◦ Parallel
Inductance (Henry –
H)
◦ Series
◦ Parallel
Ideal Op Amp
Zin is infinite
Zout is zero
Amplification (Gain) Vout / Vin = ∞
Unlimited bandwidth
Vout = 0 when Voltage inputs = 0
Ideal Op Amp
Ideal Op-Amp Typical Op-Amp
Input Resistance infinity 106 (bipolar)
109 - 1012 (FET)
Input Current 0 10-12 – 10-8 A
Output Resistance 0 100 – 1000
Operational Gain infinity 105 - 109
Common Mode 0 10-5
Gain
Bandwidth infinity Attenuates and phases at
high frequencies (depends
on slew rate)
Temperature independent Bandwidth and gain
Voltage Transfer
Characteristic
Range where
we operate
the op amp as
.an amplifier
vd
?How are Op-Amps used
Comparator
Voltage follower
Signal Modulation
Mathematical Operations
Filters
Voltage-Current signal conversion
Non-inverting Op-Amp
Uses: Amplify…straight up
Inverting Op-Amp
Uses: Analog inverter
Example #2: Closed Loop
Gain
if
is i1 = 0
v1
v2
i2 = 0
Example #2 (con’t)
if
is i1
io
i2
is i1
i2
is
i1 if
i
i2
Example #2: Closed Loop
Gain
A B
v1 0V
C
VS R1is
vo R f i f
is i f i
vo / Vs R f / R1
AV R f / R1
This circuit is known as an inverting
Types of Gain
if
is i1
io
i2
Types of Closed Loop Gain
is i1
v1
v2
i2
Example #3 (con’t)
is = i 1 + i f
i = if
i1 = i2-
vd = v2 – v1 = Ri (- i1) = Ri (i2)
Vo = Avd - Ro(- i)
Vs = R1(is) – vd
Vs = R1(is) + Rf(if) + Vo
V1
Vout
V2
is = 0 i1 = 0
i2 = 0
V 2 R3 R1 R4 V1 R3
Vout
( R4 R2 ) R1 R1
Cutoff
frequency
Thisworks
because the
capacitor
needs time to
charge.
High pass filter (active)