THE MID-WEST CONCRETE INDUSTRY BOARD, INC. ent > tog bo = ; i 5 é < ae “Cigenizad For Quality Concrete” APPROVED STANDARD CONCRETE SPECIFICATION SECTION 27-UNIT CONCRETE MASONRY I. PURPOSE AND SCOPE A. The purpose of this section is to establish minimum standards for the design, fabrication, handling and erection of concrete masonry units, Wherever these provisions differ from the project specifications the requizements set forth in the project specifi- cations shall govern. “IT. GENERAL A. All other provisions of the M.C.I.B. specifications not in conflict with this section shall apply to concrete masonry units. B, The following specifications, standards and codes shall also govern except where modified herein. 1, American Conerete Institute a, ACI Committee 531 - Concrete Masonry Structures - Design and Construction, ACI Title No. 67-23. 2, American Society for Testing and Materials a, ASTM C55, Specification for Concrete Building Brick b. ASTM C90, Specification for Hollow Load-Bearing Concrete Masonry Units c. ASTM C129, Specification for Hollow Non- Load-Bearing Concrete Masonry Units d. ASTM C140, Methods of Sampling and Testing Concrete Masonry Units e. ASTM C145, Specification for Solid Load- Bearing Concrete Masonry Units £, ASTM C150, Specification for Portland ' Cement JUNE, 1978 SECTION 271. ASTM C207, Specification for Hydrated Lime for Masonry Purposes ASTM 270, Specification for Mortar for Unit Masonry ASTM C331, Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Concrete Masonry Units ASTM C426, Test Method for Drying Shrinkage of Concrete Block ASTM C595, Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements ASTM C618, Specification for Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined National Pozzolans for Use in Portland Cement Concrete. 3. National Concrete Masonry Association a e. NCMA-TEK 16 Cold Weather Concrete Masonry Coristruction NCMA-TEK 20 Mortars for Concrete Masonry NCMA-TEK 36 ASTM Specification for Concrete Masonry Unite NCMA-TEK 65 Field Inspection of Engineered Concrete Masonry NCMA-TEK 71 Cold Weather Construction with Concrete Masonry 4. Portland Cement Association PCA Concrete Masonry Handbook IIL, CLASSIFICATION A. Concrete Masonry Units manufactured in accogdance with this specification shall conform as follows?, 1. GRADES - Two grad a. sume, 1978 of concrete masonry units Grade N - Description of intended use for different concrete masonry units is sum- marized in Table 1. Grade $ - Description of intended use for different concrete masonry units is sum- marized in Table 1. Page 2 secrion2, ‘TYPES - Two types of concrete masonry units in each grade shall conform a. Type I, Moisture-Controlled Units ~ Units designated as Type I shall conform to all requirements of this specification includ- ing the moisture content requirements of Table 2 b. Type II, Nonmoisture-Controlled Units - Units designated as Type II shall conform to all requirements of this specification except moisture content requirements of Table Iv. MATERIALS A Materials shall conform to the following applicable specifications: 1. Portland Cement - ASTM C150 Blended Cements - ASTM C595 Hydrated Lime, Type § - ASTM C207 Pozzolans - ASTM 0618 wren Aggregates - Aggregates shell conform to the ollowing specifications, except that grading requirements shall not necessarily apply: a. Normal Weight Aggregates - ASTM C33 b. Lightweight Aggregates - ASTM C331 6. Mortar - ASTM C270 Other Constituents ~ Air-entraining egents, coloring pigments, integral water repellents, finely ground silica, or other appurtenances, shail be previously established as usable for use in concrete gnd either shall conform to ASTM standards vhere applicable, oF shall be shown by test or experience to bé’not detri- mental to the durability of the concrete. V. PRODUCT DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING A. UNE, 1978 When delivered to the job, concrete masonry units should be sufficiently dry to comply with specified limitations for moisture content. To be maintained in this dry condition they should be stockpiled on planks or other Page 3 section 27supports free from contact with the ground and then be covered with roofing paper, canvas or polyethylene tarpaulins. The top of a concrete masonry structure should be covered with tarpaulins or plastic to pre- vent rain or snow from entering unit cores during construction. 7 Concrete masonry units should never be wetted im- mediately before and during placement VI. PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS A Minimum Face-Shell and Web Thicknesses (ASTM C90 only) 1. Face-shell (FST) and web (WT) thicknesses shall conform to the requirements listed in Table 4 Permissible Variations in Dimensions 1. No over-all dimension (width, height, end length) shall differ by more than 1/8 inch from the specified standard dimensions Strength and Absorption Requirements 1. At the time of delivery to the work site the units shall conform to the physical require- ments prescribed in Table 3. Moisture Content 1. The moisture content of Type I concrete masonry units at time of delivery shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 2 VII. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS A Hot-Weather Construction 1, In hot weather the main objective is to see: that all of the materials of concrete masonry are placed without having acquired excess heat. That is, heat should be minimized in concrete masonry units by storing them in a cool place, and the mortar mixture should be relativel; cool, Inmediately after morter has been mixed, it begins to rise in temperature and must be protected from heat gain during construction. Page 4 secrion 27Mortar materials stored in the sun can become suf- ficiently hot to significantly affect the tempera- ture of the mortar mixture itself. Covering or sheding such materials from the sun can be helpful. 2, Since wind and low relative humidities cause in- creased evaporation, the use of wind screens and fog (water) sprays can effectively reduce the severe ef- fects of hot, dry, windy weather. Also, covering walls immediately after construction will effective- ly slow the rate of moisture loss from masonry. B. Cold-Weather Construction 1, Gold-weather conerete Masonry construction generally requires only a few changes in the mortar mixture. Concrete masonry units used during normal tempera- tures may be successfully used during cold weather. 2, Materials Storage - Masonry units and materials for mortar should be kept on a platform raised to prevent wetting from ground moisture. If not otherwise en- closed, the materials should be covered with tarpau- lins, plastic sheets, or equivalent. Masonry sand which is delivered in bulk should be covered to pre- vent entrance of water from melting ice and snow. 3. Heating Materials - The most impor:an: consideration in heating concrete masonry mate. ial: is that suf- ficient heat be provided to assur: hydration of the cement content in mortar. After combining all in- gredients, the temperature of the mortar should be within a range of 70°F to 120°F. 4, Admixtures or Antifreeze - Admixtures or antifreeze agents in quantities which are high enough to lower freezing point of mortars should not be permitted. The high content required would adversely affect mortar strength and other desirable properties. The use of calcium chloride as an admixture in masonry mortars for early strength development is persissibles however, providing the amount added does not exceed 2 percent by weight of the portland cement content. Calcium chloride should not be permitted in construction where metal objects such as ties and anchor bolts are imbedded in the mortar, because the metal would then be subjected to in- tensified corrosion. Care must be exercised to avoid combination of high temperature and a con- centration of calcium chloride which will result in excessively rapid setting of mortar (flash set). 0x, 7 Page 5 SECTION 27woRK ay ‘CONSTRUCTION PROTECTION TERPERATURE REQUIREMENT REQUIREMENT 5. Construction and Protection Requirements Normal masonry procedures. Heat mixing water to produce mortar temperatures between 40F ~ 120F. Heat mixing water and sand to pro- duce wortar tecperatures between 40F = 120F. Mortar on boards should be main ‘talned abave 40F. Heating mixing water and sand to produce mortar temperatures between for + 120F. NCMA-TEK 71 Cover walls with plastic or canvas at end of work day to prevent water entering sasonry. Cover walls and materials to prevent wetting and freezing. Covers should be plastic or canvas. With wind velocttfes over 15 mph provide windbreaks during the work day and cover walls and materials AE the end of work day to prevent wetting and frees ing. Maintain masonry above freezing for 24 hours using ‘auxtTtary beat or insulated blankets. Provide enclosures and supply sufficient heat to maintain sasonry enclosure above 32F for 24 hours. a. When air temperatures are 25°F - 20°F utilize sources of heat on both sides of walls under construction. Employ windbreaks when wind is in excess of 15 mph. b. Temperature of units when laid shall not be less than 20°F. ¢, All protection for masonry shall be for 24 hours ceptable methods. VII. CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES Ae UNE, 1978 Supplementary heat may be electric heating lankets, infrared heat lamps or other ac- The cooperation of the owner, architect, engineer, contractor, and material supplier are important to obtain a quality structure. The masonry contractor should give the work his personal supervision and keep a competent foreman on the job at all tities. Masonry construction should proceed smoothly #ith the contractor following recommended procedures as outlined in ACI Committee 531, Chapter 7 Masonry Construction; NCMA and PCA Masonry should be protected at the end of the day's work. “The top of wall and ends of construction should be protected with polyethylene or a water- proof covering until work is continued. ~~. Page 6 SBCTION 27IX. INSPECTION AND TESTING A. JUNE, 1978 Visual Inspection et All units shell be sound and free of cracks or other defects that would interfere with the proper placing of the unit or impair the strength or Permanence of the construction. Minor eracks incidental to the usual method of manufacture, or minor chipping resulting from customary methods of handling in s' pment: and delivery, shall not be deemed grounds for rejection. Units that are intended to serve as a base for plaster or stucco shall have a sufficiently rough surface to afford a good bond. Where units are to be used in exposed wall con- struction, the face or faces that are to be ex- osed shail be free of chips, cracks, or other Emperfect ions. Tf more than '5 percent of a shipment contains slight cracks or small chips larger then one inch this shall be grounds for rejection. Sampling and Testing ee Sample end test units in accordance with ASTM Methods C140. When Type I, moisture-controlled units are specified, moisture-content requirements shall conform with Table 2 requirements and shall be tested in accordance with ASTM C426. Tests shall be conducted within 12 months prior to delivery of units. Rejection 1. If the shipment fails to conform to the specified requirements, the manufacturer may sort, it, and new specimens shall be selected by thepurchaser from the retained lot and tested at the’ expense of the manufacturer. In case the second set of specimens fails to conform to the test require- ments, the entire lot shall be rejected. Expense of Test 1. Except as specified in Section IX C, or otherwise agreed, the expense of inspection and testing shall be borne by the purchaser. Page 7 secTion 27x. TABLES TABLE 1 Types And Grades Of Concrete Masonry Units For Various Uses Far general use such as in exterior walTs below and above grade that may yeneer and facing units, ‘OF may not be exposed to moisture pen~ Yaextertor walls and for tration or the weather and for inter= ‘use where high strength or walls and back-up. and resistance to moisture penetration and severe frost action are desired. For use above grade in exterior walls For general use where mod- with weather-protective coatings and erate strength and resist= jn walls not exposed to the weather. ance to frost action and moisture penetration are, required. Sel, SIT TABLE 2 Moisture-Content Requirements for Type I Units Yoisture Content, Maximum, Percent of Total Absorption (Average of 3 Units) Humidity Conditions at Job Site or Point of Use* AS 40 40 35 35 30 *Arid--Average annual relative humidity less than 50% Intermediate--Average annual relative humidity 50-75% Humid--Average annual relative humidity above 75% Linear Shrinkage, Percent 0.03 or less... From 0.03 to 0.045. 0.045 te 0.065 (Max). NOMA TEK 36 UNE; 178 Page 8 sucrion 27‘Wininun Compressive Various Water Absorption in Tb/Te Strength in psi on for units of Different Weight Class- Average Gross Aren SFleattons Based upon Oven Dry Unit ‘Average of ‘three units} HO ABSORPTION LIMTT TABLE 4 Minimum Thickness of Face-Shel? and Hebs {Applies to ASTM ¢ 90-70 Oniy) Web Thickness (WT) Equivalent Web Thickness, min, in./lineal ft.** Face-Shel1 Thickness Nominal Width (Wl) (FST) min, in.* of Units, in. 3 and 4 1-5/8 6 21, 8 2-1/1 10 2-1/2 2 * Average of measurements on 3 units taken at the thinnest point. ++ Sum of the measured thickness of ai] webs in the unit, multiplied by 12, and divided by the length of the unit. set This face-shel] thickness (FST) is applicable where allowable design load 4s reduced in proportion to the reduction in thickness from basic face-shel! thicknesses shown. uve, 17 Page 9 section 77TABLE 5 Parte by Volume Parts by Volume | Aggregate, Compressive of Hesony of Hydrated Lime | Heasured Stenath Cement ime Putty Damp, Los G Condition 28 Days Psi Not less than 2 and not more than 3 times the sum of the volumes of the cements and lime used. Bax ea a | i 14 1 cee over & to pee 1 (Type 11) ose 1 oo cover & tols | ° | 1 (Type Tor 11... see over 1% to 1s ee Tore TABLE 6 ASTH Mortar Type Designation | Construction Suitability Nasonry subjected to high compressive loads, severe frost action, or high lateral loads from earth pressure, hurricane winds, or earthquakes. Structures below grade, manholes. and catch basins. Structures requiring high flexural bond strength, but subject only to normal compressive Toads. General use in above grade masonry. Residential basenent construction, interior walls and partitions. Concrete masonry veneers applied to frame construction, Non-load-bearing walls and partitions. Solid I¢ad bearing masonry of allowable compressive strength not exceeding | | 100 pst NCMA TEK 20 Interior non-load-bearing partitions where low compressive and bond strengths are permitted by building codes. JUNE, Ym Page 10 section 27THE MID-WEST CONCRETE INDUSTRY BOARD, INC. eet ay “APPROVED STANDARD CONCRETE SPECIFICATION SECTION 27-UNIT CONCRETE MASONRY I. PURPOSE AND SCOPE AL The purpose of this section is to establish minimum The Berus for the design, fabrication, handling and erection of concrete masonry units. Wherever these Stovisions differ from the project specifications Pre requirements set forth in the project specifi- cations shall govern. It, GENERAL A. JUNE, 1973 All other provisions of the M.C.1.B. specifications att in conflict with this section shall apply to concrete masonry units. the following specifications, standards and codes TeiToaiso govern except where modified herein. 1. American Concrete Institute a. ACI Committee 531 - Concrete Masonry Structures - Design and Construction, ACT Title No. 67-23. 2, American Society for Testing and Materials a, ASTM 055, Specification for Concrete Building Brick b. ASTM C90, Specification for Hollow Load-Bearing Concrete Masonry Units c. ASTM C129, Specification for Hollow Non- foad-Bearing Concrete Masonry Units . ASTM C140, Methods of Sampling and Testing Concrete Masonry Units ec. ASTM C145, Specification for Solid Load- Bearing Concrete Masonry Units £, ASTM C150, Specification for Portland Cement section 27