Image Processing

CSC 447

Instructor : Dr. Shereen Aly

1
Course Assessment

Method Marks
ORAL 10
PRACTICAL 15
Midterm Exam 10
Final Exam 65
Total 100
Course – Text Book and
References:

Digital Image Processing, 2nd edition, Rafael C. Gonzalez
and Richard E. Woods, Prentice Hall, 2008.
http://www.imageprocessingplace.com

Also see textbook website,

http://www.imageprocessingplace.com

The Essential Guide to Image Processing, Alan C. Bovik,

Academic Press, 2009.

Digital Image Processing Using MATLAB, 2nd edition,

Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E. Woods, and Steven L. Eddins,
Gatesmark Publishing, 2009.
Course Content

Introduction, vision, sensing and acquisition, sampling and
quantization

Image domain processing: grey value, histogram, arithmetic
operations, spatial filtering

Fourier domain processing: Fourier transform, DFT,
smoothing, sharpening

Image noise

Image restoration

Color and color processing, wavelets

Compression: principles, theories, lossy static and motion
compression

Morphological processing

Segmentation

See Syllabus for further detail.
Course Outcomes:
• During and upon the completion of this course, you will Know
how to write programs that display and manipulate 2D images.

•Have a basic understanding of various image operations.

•Make use of data structures, linear algebra, and signal

processing.

•Require substantial programming effort and good software

engineering practices.

•Develop and deploy an image processing application of your

own design.
What is Image Processing?

Manipulation of digital images by

computer.

A preprocessing step necessary for image

analysis and understanding.

Related areas
◦ Computer Vision
◦ Computer Graphics
Spatial sampling and amplitude quantization
 A digital image can be written as a matrix

 x[0, 0] x[0,1] L x[0, N − 1] 

 x[1,0] x[1,1] L x[1, N − 1] 
x[n1 , n2 ] = 
 M M O M 
 
 x[ M −1, 0] L L x[ M − 1, N − 1] MxN

35 45 20
 43 64 52 
 
10 29 39 
 Image Characteristics

Image Resolution
Image Size
Bit Depth – Grayscale Resolution
 Image Characteristics
Image Resolution
 Image Characteristics
Image Size
 Image Characteristics
Bit Depth – Grayscale Resolution

8 bits 7 bits

6 bits 5 bits
 Image Characteristics
Bit Depth – Grayscale Resolution

4 bits 3 bits

2 bits 1 bit
 Digital Color Images
xR [n1 , n2 ]
xG [n1 , n2 ]
xB [n1 , n2 ]
 What is DIP?

DIP: Processing of a digital image by means of a
computer.

Why do we process images?
 To facilitate their storage and transmission
 To prepare them for display or printing
 To enhance or restore them
 To extract information from them
 To hide information in them
 Computer Graphics
• Computer Graphics
– Synthesis of graphical images
– Visualization :
• creating an image from an abstract, symbolic
description.
– Generation of Synthesis Image
• using graphical primitives
• data from real world phenomena

20
 Image Processing
• Image Processing
– the transformation of an existing image into a
more desirable or useful image.
• image enhancement, pattern detection

The following images represent how noise affects images

21
 Image Analysis
• Image Analysis (Computer Vision)
– extracting symbolic information from the image.

Computer Graphics Data => Picture

Image Processing Picture => Picture
Image Analysis Picture => Data 22
Image Processing:
 Image Enhancement

Histogram
equalization

Image Restoration
 Image Compression

Original image JPEG compressed JPEG compressed

64 KB 15 KB 9 KB
Computer Graphics

Geometric modeling
 Computer Graphics

Output:

Image
Geometric Models
Synthetic
Camera
Computer Vision
 Computer Vision

Output:

Model
Real Scene

Cameras Images
 Image Processing Example
 Edge detection

“Rice” image Edges detected using Canny

filter
 Image Processing Example
 Segmentation
 Image Processing Example

 Fingerprint Matching
 Image Processing Example
 Face detection and tracking

http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~har/faces.html
 Image Processing Example
 Face Recognition

Search in the
database

Surveillance video
 Image Processing Example
 Texture Analysis and Synthesis

Photo

Pattern repeated Computer generated