World War 1 Diary

1917
The World War 1 Diary

of
Sigurdur Erikur Davidson
Randall Kinley
“I never witnessed such a ghastly sight – dead and dying men lay all over. “
S.E. Davidson
Canadian National Vimy Memorial
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Introduction
Many years ago my grandmother Helen Kinley (née Davidson) passed on to me the World War 1 diary of
her uncle Sigurdur Erikur Davidson. In 2017 to mark 100 years since this diary was written during World
War 1 in the trenches of France, and as my own Canada 150 project, I decided to record his diary for our
family posterity.
S. E. Davidson was born October 15, 1889 to Erikur (1848-1921) and Helga Juliana (1852-1933) Davidson
in Winnipeg, Manitoba. His parents married in 1870 and lived in Flatey Parish, Sudar-Thingeyjarsysla,
Iceland. They traveled from Iceland to Canada arriving August 27, 1881 in Quebec City aboard the
Steamship Circassian. Sigurdur had 7 siblings: Stefan (1873-1947), Sigfus (b. 1878), Herman (1881-1933),
Vilhelmina (1885-1969) and twin Sigmarina (1885-1886), Sigurjan (1886-1906), and Emil (1891-1892).
Sigurdur “Sig” lived with his mother, grandmother Bjorg Jonsson and older brother Herman at 518
Sherbrook Street in Winnipeg, Canada. He studied dentistry at the University of Manitoba and by 1915
had embarked on his chosen profession. On August 7, 1915 Herman enlisted in the Canadian
Expeditionary Force (CEF) to fight in World War 1. At the age of 25 Sigurdur followed his brother by
enlisting on February 19, 1916, was assigned to the 197th Overseas Battalion CEF and was shipped out by
train from Winnipeg on January 18, 1917 where his diary begins. He was described as 5'7", 165 lbs, fair
complexion, grey eyes and fair hair.
Over the course of the year he would experience the full spectrum of the bravery, comradery,
loneliness, drudgery and destruction of World War 1. He witnessed several of the major battles that not
only contributed to winning the war but also defined the new nation of Canada within the world
community. He arrived in France days after the Battle of Vimy Ridge and reported seeing “trains full of
wounded”; he witnessed the Battle of Messines and participated in the Battle of Hill 70 and the second
battle of Passchendaele; his entire time in France under almost daily enemy bombardment.
After Sigurdur returned from the war he continued his studies at the University of Manitoba and
reengaged in his profession as dental technician and dentist. He again took residence at 518 Sherbrook
Street living with his mother, grandmother, Herman and his niece Helen Davidson. By the time he
arrived back his favorite niece, Gertie Davidson who he often refers to throughout the diary, would be
dead from tuberculosis at only 21 years of age. He never married nor had children.
Sigurdur died at age 50 on December 19, 1939 in Winnipeg. That same day it was reported on the front
page of the Winnipeg Tribune: “The first contingent of Canadian troops has reached a training camp in
the south of England”. World War 2 had begun.
This is his saga of valour and survival on the Western Front at the very height of The Great War in 1917.
Randall Kinley March 27, 2018
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Acknowledgements
Thanks to Darrell Kinley for providing me with his extensive genealogical research. I would also like to
thank my late grandmother Helen Kinley who entrusted me with her uncle Sigurdur’s diary. She would
have been proud to see his story told.
Steamship Circassian
www.norwayheritage.com
Dedicated to the men and women and their families whose bravery and sacrifice helped define the
Canadian nation.
For the purposes of illustration I have added images and pictures throughout this document which I found online
during my research. All images not otherwise noted or credited were deemed to be “labeled for non-commercial
reuse”, “free to use or share” or were not subject to restriction (eg. copyright expired).
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Table of Contents
January .......................................................................................................................................................... 4
February ........................................................................................................................................................ 9
March .......................................................................................................................................................... 16
April ............................................................................................................................................................. 23
May ............................................................................................................................................................. 32
June ............................................................................................................................................................. 41
July .............................................................................................................................................................. 50
August ......................................................................................................................................................... 59
September................................................................................................................................................... 69
October ....................................................................................................................................................... 78
November ................................................................................................................................................... 87
December .................................................................................................................................................... 95
Later Entries and Notes............................................................................................................................... 99
Epilogue..................................................................................................................................................... 100
From Wikipedia: ”The 197th (Vikings of Canada) Battalion, CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary
Force during the First World War. Based in Winnipeg, Manitoba, the unit began recruiting during the winter of
1915/16 throughout western Canada. After sailing to England in January 1917, the battalion was absorbed into
the 11th Reserve Battalion on February 6, 1917. The 197th (Vikings of Canada) Battalion, CEF had one Officer
Commanding: Lieut-Col. H. G. Fonseca.”
4
January
“This day will live in my memory for the rest of my life.”
Thursday, January 18, 1917
Left Winnipeg 2:30 on GTP (Grand Trunk Pacific – Ed.). There was quite a crowd at the station to see us
off. I was given a ring, cigarette case, 5 cigarettes, etc. Train travelled very slow. Slept fairly well. I passed
Graham at 12 midnight. I never felt so miserable in my life before leaving the place where I have lived all
my life perhaps never to return and the worst of all leaving my dear mother and sister behind who has
done so much for me. She too took it hard but there is one thing to look at and that is I am going to fight
for her protection. This day will live in my memory for the rest of my life.
Friday, January 19, 1917
To my surprise we woke up at Graham, Ontario. Found out that something went wrong with the trucks
on the cook car and had to back up 100 miles during the night. Had a good time here and managed to
get a few drinks here at the hotel and spent 10 hours in this place. Wrote home and other places. Left
here at 5:30, train traveled very slow. Slept very well all night but suffered a little with the cold. The
snow here is very deep. Almost all the officers were feeling good slightly under the influence of liquor
and we had quite a lot of freedom, more freedom than if they had been sober. Played poker till
bedtime.
Saturday, January 20, 1917
We reached Fort William at 8:30. Stopped there for half hour changing engines and also changed roads.
We are now traveling on the CPR and going fast. Reached Schreiber and stopped there for a short time.
This is a very small town surrounded by small hills. The people in this town looked very sleepy. The
YMCA here gave us three large boxes of sandwiches. We left 1:45. The scenery along the road here is
very pretty with small tunnels here and there. This is the furthest I have ever been from Winnipeg so the
scenery from here on will be new to me.
Sunday, January 21, 1917
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I woke up feeling fine. It is the first time I have spent any part of a Sunday on a train. We arrived at
Cartier at 9:30 Winnipeg time. A very poor looking town. The people in Graham and Shrieber looked
sleepy but here they are fast asleep. I don’t think they know there is a war on. Arrived at North Bay 2:15.
We were marched around the main streets of the city. There was a large crowd at the station to greet us
- the largest and happiest bunch we have seen since leaving Winnipeg. Left at 2:45. We have changed
roads again and are now on the GTP again making better time though than before. But it is hard to say
how long we will keep it up. We might wake up in North Bay.
Monday, January 22, 1917
To my surprise we had made good progress during the night and found ourselves in Ottawa but did not
stop there. Reached Montreal at 11:30 and stayed there about an hour. Had a fairly good time although
we were not allowed to leave the train but I managed to skip out and buy a bottle. Every man we seen
were French. Nothing more of interest happened the rest of the day. A heavy fall of snow hindered us to
quite an extent.
Tuesday, January 23, 1917
This morning found us in Mont-Joli. We stopped there for exercise. A very slow town but fairly large. We
are now nearing our destination and expect to be in Halifax in the morning or at least we should be. We
have made very poor progress since leaving Montreal for we have only covered 360 miles during the
night and part of the day. We arrived at Campbellton at 1:30. Large crowds came to the station. We
were taken out here for exercise. It is a very nice town. At this place we move our watches 1 hour
ahead. We are now 2 hours ahead of Winnipeg time.
Wednesday, January 24, 1917
I expected to find myself in Halifax this morning but was disappointed when learning that we had only
traveled 75 miles during the night as there was a heavy snowfall and a blizzard. We reached Truro where
we met a train from Halifax with returned soldiers who gave us good hopes of having a good voyage
across, only trouble that it was cold. We arrived at Halifax at last at 1:00 PM which is exactly six days on
a train which only should take three. We were taken straight from the train to the transport. There was
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quite a crowd at the pier to see us embark. We were not allowed to leave the ship under any
considerations. It is indefinite when we sail.
Thursday, January 25, 1917
We were moved from the pier sometime during the night and are anchored in the center of the harbour
and remained so. Were able to view the city to some extent. Looks to be a very nice place. Spent the day
very quietly. The ship seems to be a very good one and is considered very fast. The meals are very good
so far. The RMS Scandinavian, the ship name that we sail on, is a twin screw steamer of 12,000 tons
gross and was built in Belfast by Harland and Wolff, its length is 566 feet and 59 feet broad. It has 90,001
HP attaining a speed of 16 knots an hour and it is said she can easily go 18.
Friday, January 26, 1917
To our great joy we started off on our journey across the Atlantic at 2:15. The sea is very quiet. There is
a French cruiser and two other transports with us. The distance which we must sail to reach England is
approximately 2,978 miles. Great precautions have been taken in case of attack as it can plainly be seen
when going along the shores of Halifax and in fact far out in the ocean. This is a splendidly fortified place
and a small cruiser steaming around ready to give alarm. This harbour which is Halifax is said to be the
best fortified of any.
Saturday, January 27, 1917
The ship is going well. The sea is very quiet but many getting seasick. I am unable to see land in any
direction. We were paid $3 each which we sure need. Spent the day playing cards and went to a
splendid concert in the evening put up by the R.C.N.V.R. (Royal Canadian Naval Volunteer Reserve – Ed.).
Sunday, January 28, 1917
Went to church in the morning and a sacred concert in the evening. Spending the other parts of the day
reading a very good story.
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Monday, January 29, 1917
I was given a job in the officer’s pantry which occupies most of the day and helps greatly in passing the
time. There was a tug-of-war between the different battalions, the 197th winning the semi-final. Went to
exceptionally good concert in the evening put up by the 197th battalion. The meals I am getting now are
very good. Could not be better.
Tuesday, January 30, 1917
Went to work in the pantry again which I like very much. The men are very nice to me. The sea is very
rough tossing the dishes all over the place, one of our men breaking his arm. They say it is the roughest
they have seen for a long time. It sure is lots of fun, this of course making many seasick.
Wednesday, January 31, 1917
The sea is still very rough. There is very much seasickness on board. All ships that accompanied us at the
start are out of sight. It is believed that we are about 20 miles ahead of them. The weather gets
exceptionally good towards evening. We turned back to look for the other ships as it was feared that
something might have gone wrong.
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February
“We are now in a danger zone.”
Thursday, February 1, 1917
Very nice weather with a few showers. All the ships are in sight now and making good progress. Our ship
at 6 PM was so far ahead that we had to wait 3 hours for the others. We had a grand concert in the
evening all the battalions taking part, the best talent being picked from each. We also had an Indian
pow-wow which was some novelty which created quite a sensation.
Friday, February 2, 1917
All the other ships are together now and very nice weather. It is just like a real summer’s day. The sun
shining in full blast and the band playing lively music sure makes us feel quite happy.
Saturday, February 3, 1917
The weather is very nice and the ship is making good progress. We are now nearing the danger zone. We
expect destroyers from England to meet us at 10:00 AM tomorrow to escort us in. We had our first
distress practice this afternoon and all men able to row picked out and given a lifeboat to look after. All
orders from now on will be strictly enforced. Witnessed a very interesting boxing bout. The 197th put in
a very good showing, the winner being a steward of the ship.
Sunday, February 4, 1917
We are now in a danger zone. The destroyers met us at the expected time about 400 miles from
England. Things sure look interesting now and everyone quite anxious. The French cruiser left us now
heading for France. Some fun looking at these little destroyers going around us looking for submarines.
It has been said that a submarine has been sighted about 15 miles away making everyone quite excited.
These destroyers can travel about 45 miles an hour. Tonight will be the dangerous night. A very sad
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incident happened. Private Johnson of our battalion died of hemorrhage of the stomach. We passed a
burning ship at 8:00 PM. Were not allowed to assist.
Monday, February 5, 1917
I was glad to awake and find the ship still floating and everything safe and sound. Private Johnson was
buried at 8:00 AM. It was a most beautiful morning for the occasion as the sun was rising casting a
beautiful golden shadow on the waters. He was put into a bag and a short sermon held, all of us on
deck, and then he was slid overboard a sight I will never forget. He was one of the nicest boys in the
battalion. There was some good comical boxing in the afternoon. We can now see the south coast of
Ireland. We expect to land in the morning. We are now out of danger making everyone happy.
Tuesday, February 6, 1917
We were awakened about 3:00 AM as there was danger of the ship tipping over as we were stuck on a
sandbar and the tide was lowering so every man was ordered on deck. Help did not reach us till 8 AM
when seven tugs came. It took five hours to pull us loose. After that it only took 2 hours to reach
Liverpool arriving there at 2:45 making it 13 days on the ship and 11 on the ocean. All we seen of
Liverpool was that it had many beautiful buildings and had enormous docks. We were put on a train at
5:00 PM. The trains here are small but travel very fast, the coach far different than in Canada having
compartments which hold eight men.
Wednesday, February 7, 1917
Reached Shorncliffe at 5 AM. It was impossible to sleep on this train so we were a sleepy bunch after
leaving the train. We were marched about one mile to camp. By 6:30 we were all placed in huts which
are about 100 feet long with six windows on the side. These huts are poorly heated, one small stove for
each. We suffered a lot from cold. We expected to get a rest but it was not the case. We were again
examined by a doctor and diddle-daddled around for different things all day. Was classed as A1. Went to
town one mile from here named Cheriton. The first time I have been free since leaving Winnipeg.
10
We were rooted out of bed at 6:00 AM and drilled all day. We were put in the five weeks of training. I
sure felt tired as they drill you right here. You learn more here in one day than you do in Canada in a
month. Received own new weber equipment and the Lee-Enfield rifle which is much better than the
Ross. Scenery very nice around here. To my sad disappointment we were quarantined for 21 days. There
is a beautiful church and graveyard directly behind us only 20 feet from our hut. There is also a Salvation
Army and a Lord Roberts Club 50 yards away which is very handy for us. There are good club rooms
there free to us.
Drilled all day very hard. Many flying machines are seen flying about all day and early this morning. I
heard thunder and distant cannons. It is believed that it must be from the English Channel as you can
see it from here.
Drilled in the morning, the afternoon being a half holiday. We are not allowed to leave the hut so we
can’t do much to amuse ourselves. I seen an enormous dirigible balloon which passed directly over us
when drilling. It sure looked like a wicked looking thing. Received the 11th Reserve badge therefore
ending the existence of the 197th battalion.
Went to church. In the afternoon we were held for a routine march up and down the beautiful hills.
This enables us to have a glimpse of the beautiful scenery.
Started on 5th week again which consists of physical training, squad drill, rifle drill, musketry and bayonet
fighting. The weather is far milder today than it has been.
11
Chosen for hut orderly, the duties being to clean the hut and keep it that way. It is far better than
drilling. Nothing of consequence happened the rest of the day.
The same program as previous day and will remain so the rest of the day. Air raid was expected so we
were all ordered to the huts out of sight but nothing happened. The weather is nice and bright but a
raw wind blowing that seems to chill right through.
Reported sick on account of rheumatism in the arm but a doctor was of the opinion that I should go on
parade but managed to have the morning off. A case of measles broke out adding 16 more days of
quarantine. We sure are downhearted as our time was almost up.
Drilled all day. The weather is so nice that it is unnecessary to wear greatcoats which makes me feel very
good.
Reported sick again on account of arm, the rheumatism being quite bad keeping me off parade in the
morning, half holiday in afternoon. Specimens of dirigible balloons flying about.
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Went to church as usual which was out in the open. The rest of the day was spent very quietly reading a
really good book entitled Carol. Mailed a letter to Nellie Marquell.
Today makes it just one year that I have been in the army. We are now in the sixth week of training
which is a little better than last week. This week we have less squad drill - only the last period. The rest
is physical training, musketry and bayonet fighting. I dread the squad drill the most as it is so tiresome.
The other drills are interesting and a very good thing for any man. It has done one the world of good
especially the physical training and the bayonet fighting. These drills are sometimes very strenuous.
They are sometimes called physical torture.
Same drills as yesterday, weather is very mild with a few showers. Went to a very good entertainment
in the evening although it was against the rules. Witnessed their very good ventriloquist and heard also
very good singing. This entertainment was given free, it was put on by people from London that go
around to different parts for the sole purpose of enlightening the hearts of the soldiers. Temporary
buildings can be seen wherever you go built by the YMCA just for the accommodation of the soldiers.
This association certainly has done good work for the soldier.
Same drill as yesterday and weather mild without rain but the day was very dull and sun not appearing
all day. Took a chance and went to the YMCA and seen a very good magician who was a captain in one
of the battalions here. Also heard very good singing and female violinist.
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Went on sick parade and managed to get the morning off, drilled in the afternoon. Unable to get out in
the evening as the guard is very strict.
Drilled in the morning, got the first pay since Jan 12. Received £5 which was a surprise to me as I
expected less. Managed to skip the guard in the evening and went to a small town 1 mile away named
Seabrook. Had the first drink since we were in Montreal and very good time with two returned soldiers.
Received new blankets as we sure need them, everyone in our hut being lousy.
Drilled in the morning and went to Folkestone 4 1/2 miles away. It is a rather large and lively town. This
place is very beautiful in summer, it being a big summer resort. Bought many articles of need. Was
caught breaking quarantine and pinched. Had a very good time but it cost me £3 1/2. Wrote to Major
Nagy.
Was brought from Folkestone in a big truck and placed in the clinic here but did stay there long as I was
quarantined so they put me under close arrest in my own hut so I did not suffer much.
Drilled as usual in the morning and taken before the O.C. (Officer Commanding – Ed.) in the afternoon
and was sentenced to 8 days detention and 1 hour pack drill which is the worst. Another case of mumps
broke out giving us 21 days more of quarantine. We are still in the sixth week of training. Beginning to
like the place rather well.
14
Taken out of our hut with two other fellows into another hut where we are to spend the next 8 days. We
had to wheel coal all day but did not mind it much as we worked just as we liked. Was given 2 beers and
a cup of coffee and sandwiches for bringing coal to the canteens. Had pack drill from 5:30 to 8:30 which
made me very tired. The N.C.O in charge of us when pack drilling was very easy in fact too easy giving us
a rest whenever we asked him for one. There were a lot of onlookers laughing up their sleeves but we
should worry.
Received the first letter from Canada and it was from the girls at Homewood. Worked hard all day and
got my usual 2 beers which made me work well. Wrote home. The M.P’s that look after us are very
good and never rush us so we work just as we feel. The pack drill was very easy tonight as it was old
Pete the corporal of the M.P’s and he is an exceptionally nice fellow. He only drilled us 20 minutes in all.
He says he don’t believe in such punishment and my opinion is precisely the same. It does no one any
good.
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March
“Something has happened which makes us all anxious.”
Thursday, March 1, 1917
Same program as yesterday. Two more men come to stay with us for breaking quarantine.
Friday, March 2, 1917
Same as yesterday but had only about 20 men for the drill. Picked up stones on the parade ground in the
evening.
Saturday, March 3, 1917
Shoveled coal in the morning and leveled off the parade ground in the afternoon.
Sunday, March 4, 1917
Had a very easy day. Played cards most of the day winning 10 shillings. Had no pack drill which tickled
me to death.
Monday, March 5, 1917
The weather was very nasty as there was a heavy snowfall during the night. It made it hard wheeling
the barrows. But did not wheel much to my glee as they used a team from the Army Service Corps.
Tuesday, March 6, 1917
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This is a day of gladness to me as it is the day I get out. Wheeled coal in the morning and was dismissed
by the O.C. in the afternoon. I had the afternoon off fixing and polishing my pack.
Wednesday, March 7, 1917
Started drilling again in the 7 week of training. This week being very interesting as there is no squad drill.
We did physical drill, bayonet fighting, musketry and a lecture on gas helmets which is very interesting.
Same thing as yesterday, the weather being very dull with showers. I took a risk and went to the Lord
Roberts Club and had good things to eat. Was successful in not getting caught.
The same weather and drills as yesterday.
Drilled in the morning but was free in the afternoon. Did not dare to go anyplace as the guard is very
strict.
Went to church in the morning. Took a big risk and went into Folkestone. Had a very good time and had
a good view of the scenery as it was a nice bright day.
17
Still in seventh week of training. We were supposed to go to the ranges this week but for some
unknown reason it was canceled. I was looking forward to this week as it is the best.
Same program as yesterday.
Same as yesterday. Received a letter from Herman.
Drilled all day and wrote home in the evening.
Pay day received 1/10 which sure came in handy. Went to a hotel and had a few drinks.
Drilled all morning and went to Folkestone in the afternoon and had a very good time. Went roller
skating and seen a very good moving picture at the pier. There was a German air raid on Kent. Some of
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the reports of the bombs was heard here in camp during the night. Very little damage was done save a
few broken window panes. Bought this little diary at Folkestone.
No church parade this morning. Spent all the afternoon at the Lord Roberts Club filling in this diary.
Went to town in the evening and had a very good time. I had my picture taken in the different poses by
one of the boys.
Started the 8th week of training which no doubt will prove very interesting as we go to the ranges. Left
for the ranges 11:00 AM. Quite a long walk but very nice as we passed through a very nice town named
Hythe. There we seen many beautiful residences. This town is situated just on the shore of the English
Channel. Made a fairly good score considering the strong wind blowing. The ranges here are very well
situated with targets being right at the water’s edge making it quite safe as you shoot into the water.
The targets are clear. The ground being stone pebbles is therefore always dry and free from dust.
To my surprise we were taken out for squad drill and bayonet fighting. I certainly was sore as it is not
the usual syllabus to this when going to the ranges. We left for the ranges at 12:00 and had almost
reached there when for some unknown reason were turned back and given three periods of musketry
and also complemented on our good shooting of yesterday. The officer said it was the best shooting
done for the last nine months. There was a good example of the changeable weather here in the winter.
As we were marching home it was quite a sunny spring afternoon when within 5 minutes it was very
dark and a heavy snowfall and in another 5 minutes everything was bright and calm.
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Had physical training and then company drill dismissed to get ready for ranges. Left for the ranges at
11:00 AM with very good weather. Everyone along the road seems busy ploughing or fixing their
garden. Every possible piece of land is utilized even patches on the side of steep cliffs is used for some
kind of vegetables. Made very good score coming second highest in the hut. We had no sooner finished
shooting when a nearby snowfall came and continued until we reached home making us quite wet and
miserable. Went to the saloon after supper and had a few drinks which braced me up considerably.
Had physical drill and company drill. Left for the ranges 11:00 AM. Made very good score as there was a
very heavy snowstorm. The final shot I was unable to see the target. Got home very wet and tired. Was
transferred to C Company from E Company. Went to the saloon and had a free drink which sure was
refreshing.
Had a short route march instead of physical drill on account of the heavy snowfall. Had company drill
and left for the ranges at 11:00 AM. Made fairly good score today, finishes up the first and second
practices. The next will be the classification which will decide what kind of a shot I am. We will have a
week of higher musketry before this practice. When marching through the streets it is quite noticeable
that there is no young men in mufti. You see nothing but young boys, old men and ladies. The girls greet
us quite liberally through the windows which make the march less tedious.
Was hut orderly - did not have to go out to drill. Went to Hythe, a very nice little town 5 miles away
from here. Went over beautiful hills and had a very good view of the nice landscape. It was a very nice
day, an ideal summer day with the sun shining at full blast. Had to report at 5:30 to 9:30 for duty. To
my sad disappointment we learn that one of the men that went to the hospital had diphtheria and so it
was necessary to swab all our throats and if they all turn negative we will be out of quarantine
Wednesday. But if not we will have to stay in another 6 weeks.
Sunday March 25, 1917
20
Was given the choice of doing a little fatigue work or going to the church so I chose the fatigue. It only
took an hour burning rubbish. There was an unexpected roll call catching 8 men absent. An order has
come that every battalion in the British Isles are CB’d. All soldiers on the streets are sent back to camp.
Something has happened which makes us all anxious. We were awakened at 11:30 and all had to turn in
their pay book.
We were all ordered out with all our belongings and to my surprise and anxiety we were given our
identification disks, field bandages and 200 rounds of ammunition. We all were wondering what was
going to happen. We stood around like this for 3 hours in a blinding snowstorm without greatcoats. I
never suffered so much in my life. One man dropped dead from hemorrhage of the brain just from
exposure. He was the corporal of the MP’s and was well liked by all. Two other men were carried off the
field suffering from the fierce weather. We then found out nothing was going to happen as we
dismissed after being inspected by HQ staff.
All the excitement is over, all this fuss was just to find out how many men could be mobilized and
gathered ready for immediate action and what time it would take. All drills were resumed today and we
started on the 10th week skipping the 9th. This week is most likely to be very interesting as it teaches
bombing, gassing and bayonet fighting with the usual P. T. in the morning. It was not necessary for me
to go on parade and as I was given a job at the incinerator for the rest of the week which only occupies
about 3 hours of my time each day, the rest I have to myself. The CB was lifted.
Wednesday March 28, 1917
I am still working on the incinerator and mighty glad I am as the other boys come in pretty tired because
this week means drill with packs and route marches but this incinerator job is a cinch. In the evening we
were paid £2 which I sure needed. I intend to keep £1 for London as I learn that we will soon be out of
quarantine and then shortly after that we will get our leave which will be glorious. Was very anxious to
21
get some beer before Wet Canteen closed after getting paid. Just managed to get there 1 minute before
closing time so was quite satisfied.
Worked around incinerator and was told that I was to do more than that. I was to pick up all loose
paper to keep the roads clean. A man was detailed to help me so I was thinking I do not have as big a
job as I thought I had but nevertheless it was better than drilling. It was a very pleasant day and I was
through at 2:30 so it was not too bad after all. Went to the Star and had a very good time. Played cards
the rest of the evening and broke out about even.
Work at the same job in the morning. Managed to find time to run over to Dibgate camp and see Dr.
Garlet O.C. of the C.A.D.C. (Canadian Army Dental Corps – Ed.). Inquired about getting a transfer to the
Dental Corps and he said he would sure like to have me but as I was an A2 man he thought it useless to
try. He advised me to try and get classed as C3. I tried but it was impossible. They took me off the
incinerator job and had to go drilling in the afternoon. It was an easy afternoon as it was mostly lectures.
Was appointed hut orderly for the day therefore escaping drilling in the morning. I got my usual work
done and went to Hythe which is a small town about 3 miles away. Came back about 4:00 and to my
great joy was told that the quarantine was lifted. Say, but it did feel great to be free once more. We
have practically been prisoners since leaving Winnipeg January 18, 1917. Went to Folkestone and had a
fairly good time.
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April
“Trains very slow, met many Red Cross trains full of wounded.”
Sunday, April 1, 1917
This is April Fool Day and we sure did some fooling. It also was scrub day for us as we had to wet scrub
and disinfect the hut. We sure made a good job of it. I was also made a mess orderly whose duty is to
fetch the grub and also peel potatoes and clean carrots enough for the amount of men that stay in the
hut you bring grub to. Went to Folkestone in the afternoon and had a very good time as this time we
went into every nook and corner of this berg as we were free and scared of no one.
Monday, April 2, 1917
Went to drill as usual but for the first time our squad was not kept at a distance from the others as we
were out of quarantine. It sure felt good to be able to mix in with the bunch. We had the usual drill –
the same as last week which is the 11th.
Tuesday, April 3, 1917
Was on kitchen fatigue washing tin pans of every description. Some job.
Wednesday, April 4, 1917
This is the morning we have been looking forward to as we leave for London on a five day leave. Tried
to get money at the office but failed as paymaster was in London. Managed to borrow 10 shillings and
got a promise of having money sent to London when paymaster comes back. We left Shorncliffe station
at 9:00 AM and met a nice girl on the train from Folkestone. We talked a while freely which made the
journey short. We arrived in London Charing Cross at 12:00 noon. Was quite surprised at the enormous
traffic. It took 1 ½ hours to find the Maple Leaf Club where we intended to stay. The streets are very
irregular but the police are always about and courteous in directing us.
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Thursday, April 5, 1917
Woke up quite refreshed after sleeping in a spring bed for the first time in two months. Went
downstairs and had a good breakfast for little money. First thing we did was to go to the head pay office
to try and get some money as we were practically broke. We spent 3 hours finding the place and
waiting for a decision. The decision was rotten as we were told that we had nothing coming to us so we
were downhearted. But we never give up and we went back in the afternoon and stuck there until we
managed to get £2 which made us quite happy from there. We seen Westminster Abbey and
Parliament Building which certainly was a wonderful sight. We also seen Buckingham Palace but was
surprised at the simplicity of the building on the outside.
Friday, April 6, 1917
Stayed at night at a girlfriend’s at 15A Queen Square, Queenstown Road and had a very good time.
Arrived at the Club just too late to rebook my bed so I had to get another one. All rooms must be
rebooked before 10:30 in the morning. But nevertheless I was happy as there was a registered letter for
me in the office from our pay office with 1/10 pay back so forgot all troubles. My chum also expected
money but had his address a way in outskirts of London so we spent some time finding it but was
successful in getting the letter. There we met some very nice Russian people that treated us very kindly.
On the way back we visited the Tower of London and also St. Paul’s Cathedral which is situated exactly
in the centre of London.
Saturday, April 7, 1917
Weighed 155 lbs. Woke up too late for breakfast but did not care. I sure needed some sleep as we sure
did some walking the day before. We also got up too late for the sightseeing bus as it left at 9:00
although we had seen everything of importance except Mme Tussauds Museum. We decided to travel
by train. We had dinner downtown which cost me 3 shillings. I did not have near enough to eat. Went to
Mme Tussauds Museum which proved to be quite interesting. Of all there we seen wax models of the
various monarchs and heroes of the past and present war. There was also a room there called the
Chamber of Horrors where there was famous criminals Crippen, etc.
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Vimy Ridge was captured by Canadians. This morning found us dead broke so we decided to return to
camp on the evening train although our pass did not expire till the following evening. We walked all
over the place and visited what is called Petticoat Lane. It is sort of a market where they sold everything
under the sun right in the street. The whole length of the street was one mass of pedlars and buyers so
it was difficult to pass through. This place is considered very tough so one is recommended to keep your
hand on your dough. One thing that drew my attention was the many pigeons that flock around the
different squares. They are very tame as they will come and sit and eat out of your hand.
Slept till 9 AM as I was very tired after my trip to London. I expected to rest the rest of the day as my
pass is not up till tomorrow morning but the orderly room (orderly room is a battalion or company
administrative office – Ed.) found out I was back so they put me on guard at 2:00 at an ammunition
tower holding 500,000 lbs of gun cotton. As this was my first guard with live ammunition I was a bit
nervous in the early hours of the morning but it soon wore off. We had our first experience of getting
our trench rations, that is, cook our own meals. This tower is located high up on a hill overlooking the
Channel. On a clear day it is possible to see France.
My pass expires at 6:00 AM. I was kind of nervous on my beat between 3 and 5 this morning but soon
got over it. Time passed fairly well. Had some hard experience in making dinner as there is no window
in the shack and there was such a nasty wind blowing that we could not have the door open and no oil
in the lamp and so we cooked in the dark and managed to make a fairly good meal. Got back to camp at
4:00 PM to learn that I was down for draft and leaving in the morning so we were ordered to go through
the gas chamber which was some experience and then we had to walk 2 miles to the bombing school to
throw 3 live bombs but walked there for nothing as no one was there.
Well we did not leave and don’t expect to leave till morning.
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Woke up after a good night’s sleep and managed to skip physical drill as I slept in and had nothing ready
so had to do something. Was all ready for next parade which was guard drill then musketry, then
bombing lecture and shooting at the miniature range. In the afternoon I was on fatigue and in Q.M.
Stores which is very much better than drilling. Went to the YMCA concert. There was some very good
singing, recitations both comic and otherwise. There was also some good comic songs and jokes by a
young man. There was a very good dancer that deserved credit as she was only 12 years of age.
Reported sick for a sore back. Was put on fatigue in Q.M. Stores which I like very much as there is very
little work to do. The rest of the boys are on a funeral parade which I was glad to get out of. The
weather is the best we have had for the last four days. To my great joy I received 3 letters: one from
Bertha, the church and Ole. It is rumored that we sail for France in the morning so I got busy at noon to
pack up so as to be ready in a minute’s notice. Went over to the store and had refreshments which
made me feel quite gay. Everybody busy packing and happy that we are getting away from this place.
We do not go to France today but a brand new rumor is that we go Monday. Managed to skip physical
drill. Then we were given 2 hours to get ready for final inspection of the draft. I was taken over to the
bombing school to throw 3 live bombs which every man must do before proceeding to France so I got
out of ¾ hour standing for inspection. I had just got back dressed up in marching order when we were
dismissed. In the afternoon I wrote a letter home 17 pages which took all afternoon. At 7:30 I was
called out for mop fatigue at Brigade Headquarters which is 1 mile from here but to my joy there was
already a fatigue party there so we turned back.
Woke up rather late so I had to get a hustle on as church parade at 8:15 but the orderly corporal needed
a hut orderly so I volunteered to take the job saving me the trouble of getting ready for church parade.
Had some job as the hut was never dirty. Just got off going on scrub fatigue at 7:30 which I was tickled
26
to death. We had a little racket at supper which was very amusing. Someone started to dish out the
meat but got sore at something and quit the job saying help yourself and they sure helped themselves.
They were just like hungry wolves digging the meat with their hands and naturally some did not get any
and a small fight starts but it quickly dispersed so peace reigned once more.
Woke up bright and early this morning and lit the fire as I am hut orderly again today. Had a rather hard
day as I had to peel about a bushel of turnips in the kitchen. Received a lovely box from mother full of
eats and smokes. Just what I needed as I was dead broke. It was pay day but I did not get any money as
I have already overdrawn when I was on leave so this box certainly came in handy. Great news from the
Western Front: Canada and Britain occupy Lens. I took a fellow’s place on scrub fatigue and made six
dollars and they realized 2 shillings.
Still on hut orderly, did my usual work. We all were very busy getting ready once more for France and
were all in good spirits. We were excited from parade so we thought for sure we would go this time but
to our sad disappointment we were told at 12:00 it was canceled to god knows when. We were to leave
2:30. Lack of transport is said to be the cause of this delay. Wrote home again. Just heard that we go
out at 4:30 in the morning. Went over to the store and had a little refreshment. Sent folder of
Folkestone to mother.
Woke up at 4:30 – sure had to hustle and get ready. Had breakfast at 5:00. Fell in at 6:00. Stood around
and then walked to Folkestone. Went aboard at 9:00 making it 3 hours with heavy pack. Certainly was
relieved when I took it off. Arrived in France 11:00. Could not converse with the people as they were all
French. Walked about 3 miles uphill to a very muddy disagreeable looking hut camp. It is a slow drizzle
outside making it quite miserable. This camp is called St. Martin’s. The canteen is wide open all day –
lots of singing and open gambling. We are C.B. and can’t go to town. Expect to leave for Le Havre in the
morning.
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I slept very well considering the surroundings and only two blankets. Had a fairly good breakfast at 6:30.
Medical Inspection at 8:00. Have lots of fun trying to speak French. It is surprising to see the young
boys that smoke. Boys of seven years smoke and inhale like a man. Went to a little village 1 mile from
camp. The women in this village were very nice, one of them called us in and gave us some coffee. It is
said that we landed in the wrong camp. This is an Imperial camp. We should have landed in Le Havre
instead of Boulogne (sur-Mer). Had all kinds of fun with some French girls.
Woke up refreshed – could hear the big guns hammering away during the night. Took a long walk in the
morning all by myself. When I got back we were told to get ready and line up as we were all going for a
march to Boulogne which is a mile and a half away. Walked through this nice city and seen many queer
things. We passed a big battalion of German prisoners under guard on their way to work. They were the
toughest looking lot of men I ever saw. Got back to camp 1:30. Had poor dinner. Put on fatigue duty
rolling tents in afternoon. Was allowed to go to town in the evening. Seen a number of soldiers from
the front and also a bunch on their way to the trenches.
Woke up rather late but not too late for breakfast. Took a long walk up and down hill through villages.
One thing struck me funny was the crosses with Jesus Christ nailed to it. Almost at every house. Was
ordered to be ready at 2:00 but had to wait till 4:00. Finally we marched off to the station and had to
hang around there until 6:00. Just creep along stopping every ¼ mile – don’t know where we are going.
Seen young girls working in the railway yards shoveling coal. Seen a trainload of wounded pass us. We
are in very poor coaches but some are in boxcars which is worse. We were lucky to change over to a
second class coach. Trains very slow, met many Red Cross trains full of wounded.
Slept fairly well although I had to sit up at it. Train goes very slow giving me lots of time viewing the
beautiful country. We have with us 3 boxcars full of German prisoners and also see them all along the
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line working building railroads. They sure utilize them. Had hard time getting rations as there are so
many hogs that try to get twice their share. Passed through some nice towns. Seen many beautiful
graveyards. Arrived at last at Le Havre. Marched into camp where we were given a good dinner at 3:20.
Then to my surprise we were told that supper would come out at 4:30 so I was far from being hungry.
Slept very well as we had our own choice where to sleep. I chose outside in preference to a tent. Was
fitted out with everything possible for the front except ammunition, that is besides what we have
already adding quite a bit more than I care to carry such as gas helmet, steel helmet, rifle, tear mask,
iodine, etc. Spent the day wandering around camp. Was not allowed to go outside of the camp. Slept a
little in the afternoon. Wrote two letters: one home and one to Velma. No stamps required but had to
leave them open. Cigarettes are very cheap here - 5¢ a package. Got good soup at 7:00. Slept in YMCA.
Got paid 25 francs. Never slept better since in London. Had good breakfast. Was told to get ready to
leave Le Havre at 9:00 AM. Did some tall hustling. Got new pair of boots. Was given 120 rounds of
ammunition making the outfit weigh about 90 pounds. Lieutenant Colonel gave us a very good farewell
speech and also the Chaplain. Started off with two bands. Hundreds of soldiers gave us a cheery send-
off. There is about 1,500 men on this draft some for 10th, 13th and 1st. There is only 45 of us 107th.
Walked for 4 1/2 miles mostly uphill to Le Havre. Quite a big place. Train crowded – packed like sardines.
Lots of prisoners along line.
Woke up and spent the hardest night I have ever spent for a long time as we were packed in like
sardines. Eight men in a small compartment. Had the same old meal: bully beef and hard tack. We are
getting closer to the front as we can hear the rumble of the big guns. Reached the town of Cologne
(must be an error, Cologne is not at this location – Ed.) where we were heading for at 12:00 noon. This
is a small town where quite a number of soldiers billeted. Had quite a good time there as we were able
to get French rum. The people here are very poor in fact they are all along the line. Women and
children would ask for bully beef and biscuits and they sure can get it. You see them carrying away
baskets full of meat and biscuits as they can. Soldier is generous.
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We were billeted in a large stable which was very good as I slept very well. We were told to fall in at
9:00 to go on fatigue but it was canceled and so instead we were told to fall in with packs as we were
going to travel on foot the last stretch to our battalion. We started off at 11:30 eating dinner and
supper on the road. I certainly suffered as the roads were bad and we got very little rest. Well we
marched until 7:30, weary and worn out. We were billeted at St. Eloi (de-Fourques) which was very
rotten. Everybody seems to have a different opinion of the distance left to our camp.
Passed a very poor night as I was very cold all night. We started out again on foot at 9:00 and walked
some time but could not find out where our camp was. The officer took us back and forth which made
us pretty sore and it was not till considerable dodging about till we found the place. Just two weeks
prior to our arrival in St. Eloi the Germans shelled the town busting up a big church there leaving nothing
but a couple of walls standing. We reached camp (107th) which is old trenches at 12:00 and had a good
dinner and were issued tobacco. Did nothing but look around in wonder at the sights.
Slept well but woke up a few times on account of the noise of the big guns. We are now right in among
the big guns. Shells are firing overhead and all around us making a terrible noise. Fritzy’s shells are fewer
in comparison with ours about 1 to our 15. Went to Mule Track Junction and seen a 7.2 gun (might be
referring to a 9.2 inch howitzer – Ed.) in action and the noise is deafening. It was shooting at the mid-
range. Went visiting the shell holes and captured German trenches. I certainly seen some interesting
things. Human skulls and bones. Picked up a few souvenirs.
A beautiful day. Woke up about 4 times on account of the thundering bombardments of the camp.
Never heard anything as loud as there is guns all around us and shells shooting all around us. Had
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breakfast at 7:00 AM and was told to fall in at 8:00 AM as we were going out to work for the first time.
Liked the walk fine, filling in shell holes to make room for a hospital. Did not have to work hard, just as
you please. There were five artillery guns pounding away only a few feet away all day. There was also
some Fritzy’s shells lighting up pretty close to us not far from the artillery which is what they are
gunning for most likely.
Weather was excellent. Had breakfast at 6:30 which was poor. Fell in at 8:00 AM and marched to work
filling holes to make room for a hospital. There was some very exciting incidents happening during the
day. Fritzy’s were shelling our artillery which was ¾ mile away and some shells came fairly close to us
but not close enough to do any harm. There was C Company of our battalion working up closer so they
were compelled to quit and before they got out of the road of the shells 2 were wounded slightly, one
sergeant and one private. Fritzy was successful in hitting a batch of our ammunition and some of their
own which was left by them in their flight making a terrific explosion killing 2 artillery men.
Mule Track Junction
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May
“We are on a ridge where I have a beautiful view of Lens which sure seems a pity to destroy.”
Tuesday, May 1, 1917
Did nothing all day. Woke up with the signs for a perfect day. To our delight we were not scheduled for
work today but fell in to be put in different companies and medical inspection which made eight medical
inspections. I was attached to C Company. I witnessed a most spectacular feat: one of our machines
could be seen dropping to the ground, it dropped about 1,000 feet and it was very close to the ground
when we seen that the aviator had gained control of his machine and lit without any injury. It sure was
a marvelous nerve which the aviator must have had as it was plainly seen he had lost control. Had
narrow escape when a big piece of shrapnel fell just 10 feet away. Another narrow escape when
exploded 100 yards away missiles of description flyers in air use injuring 5.
Wednesday, May 2, 1917
Went to work as usual at 8:30. Did not work hard. Our job was to dig a trench along the road. There
was much traffic – wagons full of ammunition and supplies - that we could not keep on working as we
would have to get out of the road of course. I did not kick. We had to eat outside as we took our lunch
with us which was very poor. I had a piece of bread and cheese and little jam and water was all so I was
good and hungry when I got back. I was mistaken yesterday, it was a German machine and it was
compelled to land. We were particularly disturbed when we heard a tremendous explosion and missiles
dropping on the road which shook our tent hut considerably. It was a German air machine that had
dropped a bomb close by. Our guns have been pounding since 8:00.
Thursday, May 3, 1917
We were rooted out of bed this morning at 5:00 AM and breakfast at 5:30 as we were scheduled to go
for a bath which we sorely need. Most of us are as lousy as a pet coon. It is the first time since I have
been here that our guns have fired so steadily all night and are still pounding at 12:00 noon. Most likely
the Germans are counterattacking and desperately trying to take Vimy again but it will be impossible for
them. To my great joy I received two letters from mother, Ingeborg and Ole and in mother’s letters
there was five from cousin Eddie. Received a letter from insurance company and Gertrude. To my
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surprise was paid again 30 francs. There was a very interesting air fight, a little too interesting in fact as
we had to get under cover mighty quickly as shrapnel was falling thick.
Friday, May 4, 1917
Had a good breakfast considering circumstances. Fell in for work at 11:00 AM. We were sent to work
fixing a road not far from Lens. Some of our company that went farther up the road working were
compelled to come back as old Fritzy’s shelling them quite freely but no one was hit. Along this road is a
Howitzer battery and ammunition. We had just had supper when we heard a terrific report and a
blinding blaze and smoke about a ½ mile away as they had exploded the ammunition. Fritzy had hit and
shortly after the gas alert was sounded. We were all ready for the assault but nothing happened.
Saturday, May 5, 1917
This morning brought a beautiful day. A little too hot in fact so we were lucky that we do not have to go
to work until 8 PM to work to 3 in the morning. All I did this morning was making aluminum rings from a
Fritzy’s wrecked aeroplane. In the afternoon I played cards and rested. I had the document from the
insurance company filled in by the doctor. We fell in at 7:45 PM and marched at least 5 miles to the
place where we are to work which is only a ½ mile from Fritzy’s line. This without a doubt was the most
exciting night put in yet as Fritzy’s made it quite lively for us and we had to run for shelter more than
once as shrapnel, high explosives and star shells were coming over very thick. Some of our boys had
narrow escapes. Our guns were rumbling about 10 shells to Fritzy’s one. All these guns shooting away.
Sunday, May 6, 1917
Fritzy’s shells coming over last night made it the most excitable night I ever put in in my life. I was quite
surprised at the way I controlled myself. I was quite cool. This was the first time I have been out in a
real heavy shell fire. I was surprised at some of the men that have been here long before me how they
acted. Many were very scared. We arrived in camp at 3:30 and had breakfast and then went to bed
dead tired from the walk, work and excitement. Slept till 12:00 noon just in time for dinner. Got our
tobacco issue. Rested the rest of the afternoon and went on church parade in the evening and heard a
very good sermon which was the first I’ve heard from our chaplain.
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Monday, May 7, 1917
Woke up as usual expecting that we would have to work but we had a rest all day instead. I was very
busy myself though making souvenir rings for my friends. I hear we go to work at 2:00 AM so I intend to
go to bed early. To my sad disappointment I heard that there was 2 casualties: one death and one
wounded in B Company at the same road we worked night before last and where we are going to work
in the morning so I feel kind of lousy. Went to a city named Arras, a city the same size as Winnipeg. It
certainly was a pity to view the ruins as there was not a single house or building that was not blown to
pieces. Also a graveyard was all shattered.
Did not go to work at two this morning as expected but have a new job making a road about 4 miles
north of here which is to lead to Lens, a town which we can take at any time by bombarding it. As there
is supposed to be many of our prisoners there and civilians there they are going to try and take it
without shelling it as our allies are human and consider the civilians. If it had been Fritzy he would not of
thought twice of putting the town in ruins. The Germans are taking advantage of our humanity and
putting our prisoners there and have refused to let the inhabitants leave the place for shelter.
Wednesday May 9, 1917
Went to work on the same road as usual working pretty hard as we had to make the road out of shell
holes making it necessary for heavy shovelling. On the way to the road we passed through several
towns. Of course you can’t call them towns now as they look more like a second hand brickyard to me. I
forgot to write that on May 5 when going to work we passed the famous Vimy Ridge. When proceeding
by that we had to be hid from sight by a high fence as we were in reach of the German snipers. It was
the first time I felt nervous as hell. Shells flying overhead in all directions both from us and the Huns.
Worked hard all day making roads. It was very hot so I suffered quite a bit believe me. I fell asleep on
the job and slept for ¾ hour. I woke up just in time to escape the notice of the sergeant and officer. I
slept very little last night so I was very sleepy. Fritzy has been very quiet today but we’ve sure been
34
sending our iron rations to him all day pretty steady. It was another interesting sight, seeing the anti-
aircraft guns trying to bring down a Fritzy machine but the attempt was unsuccessful. Received the first
Tribune issued today which is a month and a half old.
Friday, May 11, 1917
Fell in at 8:00 and proceeded to the same place as yesterday night beside a place of those buried who
lost their lives during the big drive on Vimy Ridge. Did not work very hard. At noon I visited some old
German trenches to see some gruesome sights. Seen many German soldiers half buried. Also seen some
of the largest mine craters I ever seen. They were at least 100 feet wide and the diameter of at least
150. Managed to get a few German buttons off the dead Germans. I heard the Huns were trying a
counterattack. The big guns started in about 9:00 PM and kept up steadily practically all night. Never
heard such a rumble before and had a hard time to sleep.
Did not have to go to work today as we are scheduled to work tonight. Did nothing but play poker all
day winning six francs. It was a very hot day so it was lucky we did not have to work. Seen quite an
interesting air fight directly above us. 15 of our guns took part but did not succeed in bringing Fritzy
down. Fell in at 7:00 PM. Had gas practice before leaving. On way to work one could see scenes all
along the road which looked nothing like being in the war zone and in great danger as there was football
and baseball matches with large crowds of soldiers as rooters.
Sunday, May 13, 1917
12:00 midnight was very tired as the earth was very hard to handle as it was a very sticky soil. Was
tickled to death when the officer gave the order to quit at 12:30 as it was so dark and shells bursting all
around that we could not do much work. We were taken down the road where less shells were
dropping and given some hard tack and bully beef. Then we proceeded home where we got a good shot
of rum which made me sleep soundly. Had to wake up to get breakfast at 8:00. Read the Tribune and
then took another sleep. We have the day of pay parade at 1:30 so I will try and keep awake. Did not get
any pay. Went in partners on a Crown and Anchor game and broke even. The guns were quiet tonight
which is something new.
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Monday, May 14, 1917
Went to the same road to work. Atmosphere is very close making it miserably hot. The guns were very
quiet until 4 PM then they fired quite steadily to 6 PM. It is a pity to see the dead trees killed by the gas.
It sure would be a beautiful place around here if they had all blossomed, but instead making it a
deserted looking place. Guns were very active all during the night.
Worked at the same job all day and had it very easy. Wrote a letter of thanks to B.B. Jonasson but was
sorry to learn there was no mail for me. Received a new pair of Imperial trousers which I like very well.
We were given a very good supper, the best we have had so far. Met Jack Garret to my great surprise.
He once belonged to the 107th but transferred to the artillery. Towards evening there was about the
darkest clouds I have seen for some time coming towards our camp but, as luck would have it, turned
and just missed us so we had a good day. Played Crown and Anchor and won.
Went to work as usual and had the usual easy time. It was a rather nasty day as the sun never showed
its face and a raw wind blowing. It rained towards quitting time so we got a little wet. Fritzy sent over
some nasty shells one coming very close to John and I. We had just come from the place it struck. We
heard it coming and dove into a shell hole which saved us. Started a game of Crown and Anchor but had
just nicely started when the regimental Sergeant Major came and stopped us.
To my big surprise we got an egg for breakfast and a good one at that. This is the first egg I have been
served in the army. Went to work on road and we are now in sight of Lens. Fritzy sent quite a few over
which were very close, so close we had to get under cover for a while. One piece flew and hit just 10
feet away from where I was working. This piece sank about 3 feet in the ground which I pulled up and
36
will keep for a souvenir. Went to a fast ball match between the Canadians and the Imperials. It was a
fairly good exhibition but the Imperials were too much for Canada.
This morning I felt rotten so I played sick with an earache thinking I might get off for the day but was
badly mistaken as I was sent out to work but as it was so far and so late when we started we never got
to our job until 12:00 noon. I don’t intend to do anything this afternoon. Lens can plainly be seen from
where we are. Shells can be heard whizzing over us every minute but the report of the guns cannot be
heard. We are on a ridge where I have a beautiful view of Lens which sure seems a pity to destroy.
Could see our shells bursting in the city.
Saturday May 19, 1917
Feel kind of rotten yet as I had quite a few drinks of beer. The day is dull. We hung around till 10:30 as
they could not find anything for us to do. We are going right into shellfire so we go in threes and in a
zigzag path. We will get there most likely about dinner time at the rate we are going as we have to get
under cover every few hundred yards. We were unable to get to the part of the road where we were to
work as old Fritzy is shelling that pretty heavy. We did nothing but hide in shell holes. Was right on a
ridge overlooking Lens at Givenchy (-en-Gohelle). Seen the beautiful landscape and the city. We could
also see our shells bursting all around the city. Played Crown and Anchor and won.
Woke up rather late so I had to hustle to be ready for parade. Expected to have a rest seeing it to be
Sunday but no such luck. Sunday makes no difference out here. Seen Sam Erikson from the 44th. Had a
hard time to get to the road. Had to retreat back 200 yards. We finally were able to get to our work but
it was not till 10:00 and we only worked one hour and went home so Fritzy started shelling again. The
day was very wet and we were far from camp so I was good and tired when I got home. The guns
roared again tonight.
37
Went to work on the road but not on this same part as yesterday as they sent another section there to
try their luck. I was transferred to another section, No. 16. Had a very easy job stretching wire and not
so far to get to camp so I felt good when I got home. Our artillery are certainly pounding at the Huns.
Several big guns have been moved from this part of the line to the Ypres front where they are going to
make a big drive. Vimy is now impregnable but Fritzy thinks he is able to get it back but will be badly
mistaken. Played Crown and Anchor and won.
It is raining this morning making it sloppy and miserable. Have the same job as yesterday. Got soaking
wet. To my joy we only worked to 10:00 so John and I decided to go to Arras. It has stopped raining but
very dull. Had a high old time in Arras drinking champagne and other wines. Went around and viewed
the remains which sure is a pitiful sight. Most of the buildings are beyond repair. Seen the biggest
cathedral I ever saw in complete ruins.
Woke up in Arras after wandering about most of the night looking for our camp but was unable to find
where I was till about 9:00 so expect to get the devil when I get back. I had no chance to get there in
time so I decided to spend a day in Arras. Went all around town looking at the endless line of shattered
houses. Met many Imperial soldiers and made friends with them who took me to many interesting
places and explained things generally.
Stayed in Arras as we were given a holiday and big program of sports were run of in which Keeper and
Jamieson taking part. I was entered for two events but as I was not present could not take part. Seen a
very good show in the afternoon which was full of very good comedy. Went to an estaminet where I
had quite a few good drinks after which I decided to go home with two of our men which showed me
the way.
38
Went to work on the same road it being very hot but were called for by two escorts at 11:00 AM as I had
to face a charge of being absent without leave. We were remanded to the O.C. by our company
commander and then taken before him. He gave us a lot of sound advice and let us off very easy as we
only got 14 days field punishment which gives us 2 hours extra work each night and loss of 14 days of
pay. Was thankful as he could have given us more.
Went to work on the road I worked on the first day I set my manly muscles into action in this country
which is called the Mule Track as there is mostly mules that are used for hauling traffic on this road. It
was a scorching hot day but otherwise the day went fine. Sent some nice postcards to mother and
sister, also a letter to Bertha. Sent a souvenir postcard to Mrs. Cooper which I bought in Arras. Went to
work at six and worked till 7:30 which is our penalty for being absent without leave.
Worked on the Mule Track Road again today making a branch road from it which makes a short cut to
the Lens and Arras road. Had a fairly good time of it but suffered from heat a little. Fritzy certainly was
sending some shells over all morning not very far from us but did no damage whatever only making the
old shell holes a little larger. Got back to camp at 3:00 and had very good supper. Worked as usual until
8:00 but sure did not work hard. Made a nice tin of cocoa before going to bed.
Worked on the old Mule Track Road again practically beside our camp so we did not have a long
tiresome walk. Being so close we were given tea at dinner. Seen the most interesting air fight I have
ever seen since I have been here. I also got the biggest scare as I was caught in a shower of shrapnel
from these aeroplanes without a steel helmet but as luck would have it I did not get hit.
39
Had a very restless night as it was fairly cold and the lice were biting more than usual so I feel quite tired
after the night from scratching and also sore. Started off for the Mule Track Road at 8:00 AM. Had very
little to do in the morning but worked like a Trojan in the afternoon to finish up. We are to go home to
camp as soon as possible as it is payday. Not sure whether I got paid or not as I am supposed to be
doing time. Well to my surprise I got paid 15 francs and to my joy the Sergeant Major did not call on us
to work our usual 2 hours penaltude. Played poker and won 15 francs. Bought a coat for 15 francs.
Fell in as usual at 8:00 AM and marched off to the Mule Track Road. When we got out there we were
told to go back to our hut and stay there and not show our faces. We are supposed to be out there but
there is nothing for us to do. I was not a bit sorry as I was in need of a rest. I took a little nap and then
played poker for the rest of the day. I won a little. Nothing of interest occurred today. We had the
usual 2 hours work in the evening but did very little.
I was glad to hear the corporal say that we are not to fall in but to clean our rifles which I did and made a
good job of it. We are to work tonight right near the front line trenches digging a tunnel which is new
work for us. We are to take our rifles with us and 50 rounds of ammunition so we expect something
interesting. I seen quite an interesting aeroplane chase - about six of our planes chasing a Fritzy but as
far as we could see it was a failure. Fritzy also fired at our observation balloon making it necessary for
the man to come down in a parachute.
Destroyed Cathedral in Arras, France
40
June
“The east was one big mass of red flame.”
Friday, June 1, 1917
Started off to work at 8:00 PM last night and did not arrive until 11:00. It is at least 7 miles over hills and
shell holes. Never got started work until 12:00 midnight. Worked 2 hours to get back to camp at 4:30
AM where we had a good breakfast. We were at least ¾ mile from Fritzy line and he made it pretty
lively coming home. Went to bed at 5:00 AM and slept till 12. Played poker in the afternoon and
working the usual 2 hours in the evening.
Saturday, June 2, 1917
Woke up this morning feeling very sick. Went to the doctor and he excused me from duty. To my great
surprise I seen George Bruce. Laid in bed all day passing a miserable day. Tried to read to pass time but
was unable to take any interest in it. Our section is scheduled to go out tonight for 48 hours but as I am
unable to go I am left behind which I am not a bit sorry. We had a casualty last night in B Company -
coming across the field the machine gun bullet passed through his stomach dying instantly.
Sunday, June 3, 1917
Woke up feeling no better. Went to see doctor and was excused from duty as my temperature was still
high. There was a heavy bombarding all night making it almost impossible for one to sleep. Old Fritzy
was sending quite a few shrapnel over which did not light far from our hut. It is said our boys went over
but have not heard how successful they were. There was a lively air fight, hundreds of anti-aircraft
shells besides the use of machine gun bullets shot but did not succeed in bringing Fritzy down.
Monday, June 4, 1917
I feel quite a lot better this morning. Went on the sick list and was excused again. The 44th took 800
prisoners yesterday. There must have been a counterattack as I heard the biggest bombardments since
41
coming here and it lasted for 1 hour. The east was just all one blaze. The air fights seem to come
regular everyday there being numerous air fights during the day but nothing spectacular occurred. My
section came in at 10:00 PM quite tired with the tale that they had it quite lively and seen many
interesting sights.
Tuesday, June 5, 1917
Was almost myself again but reported in sick and got light duty but did not all day expect to clean the
hut which took 10 minutes. I decided to make this day my wash day so I set to work and boiled my
pants and underwear killing all lice which proved later a great relief. I also had a general clean out of my
bunk, making shelves, etc. making it quite neat. There was no doubt about the levels of air night attacks
at 10:30 bombs dropping all around us and thick but no harm done.
Wednesday, June 6, 1917
I am feeling fine this morning so did not go sick. We had rifles, gas helmets and goggles inspection
which took only half an hour. There was another extra heavy barrage on this morning again which
certainly looked like business. This last week 200,000 tons of ammunition has been shot off at Arras
(this) front. Things are getting so hot here at night with air raids and bombs dropping we were ordered
to dig our hut in so all of us had to get busy.
Thursday, June 7, 1917
On the way up here I turned quite sick again and almost gave up as I am still quite weak. I reported this
to the officer and he gave me an easy job as gas guard which was from 2:00 AM to 10:00 AM. Nothing
to do but stay awake and listen for the gas alarm but nothing was stirring. At about 3 this morning our
guns certainly spoke, some for half an hour. It is not safe to go out of your dugout during the daytime as
we are in full view of the enemy on the other side and we can be sniped.
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Was put on the same thing - gas guard - but slept most of the time as things looked pretty quiet only for
the usual barrage at 3:30 AM which lasts about 15 minutes. To my sad disappointment we are to stay
here another day and not go in. Just as I was writing this an order came to get ready to get back to
camp so I was glad. A big drive is expected and it sure was a barrage, the biggest ever recorded in
human history. We were just nicely in bed when it started and I shot out of bed to see it which was the
biggest spectacle I ever seen for my life. It started at 11 sharp and ended at 12:00 midnight. The east
was one big mass of red flame. 1 million pounds of munitions was needed to blow up Hill 60 leaving a
great victory for our men.
(From Wikipedia: “Battle of Messines. Deep mining under the German galleries beneath Hill 60 began in
late August 1915 with the 175th Tunnelling Company which began a gallery 220 yds. (200 m) behind the
British front line and passed 90 ft. (27 m) beneath. The 3rd Canadian Tunnelling Company took over in
April 1916 and completed the galleries, the Hill 60 mine being charged with 53,300 pounds (24,200 kg) of
explosives in July 1916 and a branch gallery under the Caterpillar filled with a 70,000-pound (32,000 kg)
charge in October. The 1st Australian Tunnelling Company took over in November 1916, led in part by
Captain Oliver Woodward and maintained the mines over the winter. At 3:10 a.m. on 7 June 1917,
a series of mines filled with 990,000 pounds (450,000 kg) of explosives, were detonated under the
German lines. Although several British mines were in the end not fired, the blasts created one of the
largest explosions in history, reportedly heard in London and Dublin, demolishing a large part of the hill
and killing c. 10,000 German soldiers.” – Ed.)
Woke up very refreshed after the big walk last night. Wrote to Gertie, Lily, Velma, Violet Spence, and
Mother. Wrote some more letters to Martha, Eddie, and Lena. The result from last night’s big barrage
was sure greatly successful. They took hundreds of prisoners and captured two more towns. Jamieson
the runner in our battalion died from injuries. The big barrage of last night must of struck at the heart of
the Huns as their guns are quiet today.
Everything seems really quiet after the big battle. No air raids or anything else. I set to work first thing in
the morning making a souvenir match box holder from an 18 lb shell and a German button. Had gas drill
in the morning for one hour and inspection of H. B. helmet. Sam Erickson from the 44th came over to
see me and said he had some lively experiences going over.
43
Woke up this morning and found it rained freely with quite a bit of thunder which is the first thunder I
have heard in this country. It don’t sound unfamiliar as the noise is identical to a barrage. Toward
evening weather was great. We started out for the dugouts at 8:30. The roads were rather sloppy in
places making hard walking. Arrived at 10:15 and was told to remain at No. 4 with the others to take
rations to No. 5 dugout which is the furthest away and the most dangerous to reach. Believe me we had
some time we were lost after leaving a road under enemy shell fire. But luckily no one was hit.
I volunteered to be gas guard whose duty is to start at 2:00 AM and is through at 9:00 AM for the day.
All I have to do is to keep awake and be on the lookout for gas. There was some very lively times on
both sides during the night. Old Fritzy sending some nice barrages over only to receive a heavier one
from us in return. Had some time to find a suitable place to sleep so as not to be in the road of the
others but managed to sleep well and rest. I read a very good story named Iris. Played poker but lost a
franc. The rations were short and poor as there was 4 men too many here by some mistake so I have
been hungry all day.
I am on gas guard again starting at 2:00 this morning. Passed most of the morning reading a good story.
It looked very cloudy at 5:00 but turned out a beautiful morning with the usual air attacks but have not
seen one machine come down yet. I was disappointed to learn that we had to stay out here another 48
hours in this godforsaken hole. Fritzy’s shells are landing very close and machine gun fire spreads freely
overhead so we don’t dare to stick our heads out. We have a hard time to keep the candles lit on
account of the concussion of shells.
This time we tossed up as to who would go on gas guard for the next 48 hours but the lot did not fall to
me so we started work at 10:00 PM. The first thing was to go for lumber about 400 yards away under
heavy shell fire. It would have been all right if the load we had not been so heavy. It was all two men
44
could do was to lift one end up on my shoulder so we had to rest often making me very uncomfortable
under this heavy shell fire. One time the other fellow at the end got so scared when a shell hit very
close he dropped his end before I knew scraping the whole side of my face.
Well thank goodness this is the last day we go in the night. I slept very poorly and feel rotten. I have not
shaved or washed for four days so look worse than any tramp I have ever seen in Winnipeg. Their
rations were so scarce that we drew cards as to who was to share a can of macaroni as there was only
one tin to eleven which spread it 1 teaspoon each which was useless. So we started off on this seven
mile tramp to camp hungry and worn and the worst of it was the camp had moved and so it took us 3
hours before we got there. Left at 11 and arrived here at 2:00 AM and had to sleep on the ground. Was
glad to flop even there.
Woke up refreshed it being the first good sleep I have had for four nights. Right after breakfast we 50 of
us set to work making a dugout. Worked very hard. Had a hard time stealing material but managed to
get the walls and half the roof made. When it is finished it will be the best dugout in C Company. All
kinds of room. To my great joy I received the biggest mail since I came over. Two parcels from Runna
and Sara Sigurdson. Five letters: Mother, Bertha, Chris P., Runna and a committee of five girls of the First
Lutheran Church.
Woke up it being very hot. Set out for material for a bed and iron for the rest of the loop which took me
almost all day but succeeded in making a splendid bed. I have never felt so comfortable since leaving
Winnipeg as I do now. Everything is handy and lots of room. All seem to enjoy us having such a good
hut. Received a whole bunch of Tribunes so I had a lot to read. Was inoculated.
45
Went to Arras at 12 noon and as luck would have it succeeded in getting a ride all the way which is at
least 6 miles. Had a very good time. Lots of wine and beer. Walked all around this city which certainly
seems to have been a beautiful place before the war. We never started for home till after dark
consequently we got lost. We accidentally struck the right road, but we did not know until morning. We
woke up just in front of our old camp to our great surprise which is only a mile from here.
Arrived here at 6:00 AM tired, sick and worn. We set to work immediately to make coffee, real Icelandic
coffee from home which made us feel jake. Went to sleep and slept till 10:30. I then played poker to
12:00 making 3 francs. Wrote to the CADC (Canadian Army Dental Corps– Ed), Old Committee, IODE.
Went to sleep right after supper and slept till it was time to go down the line which is 8:30. Everything
was very quiet until we were 200 yards from No. 4 dugout and then Fritzy started shelling very heavy
but did no damage.
I was fortunate enough to be one of those to stay behind to work at No. 4 which is a good place. We
started working at 12:00 midnight and worked to 2:00 when we had tea and hard tack. Went to sleep
and slept till nine then we had breakfast which was fat ham and bread. Started work again at 10:00 AM.
Four of us quit at 12 so we volunteered to go to No. 6 dugout which is near and in a dangerous place.
We are to stay there for 24 hours and then rest 24 which means that we will be through for this trip as
we are only in for three days.
No. 6 is not so bad as I thought it would be. It is very little shelter and Fritzy shells this place quite a lot
but I have a good funk hole so I am all right. We are our own boss here and do just what we like so we
are not sorry we took the job. It rained making it rather sloppy but don’t mind it as I am getting quite
used to dirt. The biggest danger is going in and coming out. If we don’t show our face during the day we
are comparatively safe. We got back to No. 4 quite safe, had lunch and then went to sleep.
46
Woke up at 9:00 and had breakfast as we do not need to work anymore so we got permission to go back
to camp and we got it arriving there at 12:30. The others do not come until 6:00 so we were all cleaned
up which we needed bad before the others reached here. Started to answer some of the letters and
managed to answer Chris and Mother and Bertha’s. Went to bed and read about 4 Tribunes from
Winnipeg which brought me back home for a couple of hours.
To my great surprise we all slept until 9:00 missing breakfast. All we could get from the cook was tea
but we had coffee and cake from home so were not stuck. Sat around doing all kinds of tricks with
cards. After supper we went looking for a stove and some wood and managed to get both so now we
can make coffee or cocoa without any trouble. Seen and heard the biggest explosions yet. Think it is
Lens.
Woke up in time for breakfast. Went to bed again and slept till 12. Had an elegant dinner which I
cooked myself obtaining foodstuffs from the cook. Went over to D Company in afternoon visiting and to
my sad disappointment I learned that Karalok was killed the night before. This is the first 197th casualty
in this battalion and the first one that I have heard of. He was hit directly by a large shell wounding 4
others. He will be buried tomorrow. I had the novelty of seeing an aeroplane falling to pieces 4,000 feet
in the air. The man came down beyond recognition.
I spent a rather cold night. The nights this last week have been very chilly but very hot during the day.
Had a fairly good breakfast and went to bed to read but was rooted out again to go to work and level
the parade grounds up. We are all sore as we are scheduled to go up the line tonight and slept all the
rest we can get. Left the camp at 8:00 PM for up the line. Never felt so nervous before seeing that so
many casualties had occurred in our battalion the last two trips. It was plainly seen Fritzy had been
shelling very heavy along the road but we all arrived in safety.
47
We only worked an hour last night as Fritzy started shelling so we went under cover. Finally told to have
lunch and then go to bed which was 8:00 AM. It was not necessary for us to do any work this day as we
volunteered to go to the No. 6 dugout for 24 hours so I slept in and read which was the only thing we
could do. When standing outside in a trench leading to the kitchen a Fritzy aeroplane flew directly over
us and only a few hundred feet above us. I was only wishing my rifle had been handy. We did not
understand why he flew so low. This was the first real look I have had at the Hun’s aeroplane.
We left for No. 6 at 1:30 PM an hour and a half later than the others as three of us were detailed to wait
for rations. We arrived quite safely. We had to start right in making sandbags. The others were all
through with theirs. There are three dugouts and four men to each place and when finished will be a
dressing station. We expected it would be quite lively here but it was very quiet. We have a beautiful
view of a few towns which Fritzy still holds and could settle in but our big shells were lighting and
playing havoc. At 9 PM a number of small guns opened fire just a few feet behind us making a deafening
noise for a half hour.
We left No. 6. dugout at 9:30 last night and it sure was lucky we did as there were two of our men
wounded that relieved us. Fritzy shelled this place heavily a half hour from the time we left there. The
reason for this was that the party of engineers were working directly in front of this dugout nailing on
heavy timbers and they started too early as the Hun’s seen them. They were badly battered up
themselves. Tried to go home early but the officer would not let us go till 12:00 noon reaching here at
2:30. There was considerable rain which flooded our dugout but did no damage.
Got paid 15 francs. Woke up too late for breakfast but managed to make a good cup of coffee and fried
onions and potatoes which went mighty good. There was some very interesting air fights but did not
see any machines brought down. The weather is very dull and chilly so I went to bed and covered up. It
48
brightened somewhat towards 6:00 so I went out to the avian dump to run a board and won 6 francs.
Had to quit on account of rain. Was caught in a heavy rain getting soaked to the skin and our dugout
was drenched. The roof leaked wetting all the blankets but mine.
Managed to wake up in time for breakfast as I did not sleep well as everything was so damp and chilly.
We set to work making drains and fixing the roof so there will be no more drenching of this dugout. The
weather is dull with little showers making it quite miserable so I stayed in all day reading and sleeping.
Had the best feed I ever had since leaving home as there was a man named Gilles in our hut that put up
the eats which consisted of salmon, beans, sardines, biscuits, tomatoes, cakes, etc. I went to sleep
contented.
Battle of Messines June 1917
Sopwith Camel. British biplane introduced on the Western Front in June 1917
49
July
“Yesterday every gun on the Canadian front fired three salvos commemorating the 50th anniversary of
Canada confederation.“
Sunday, July 1, 1917
Slept in and so I lost breakfast again. I just turned over again and slept till 11:30 so it was not long to
wait till dinner. Fritzy is very active of late as he is bombarding all around us here, a thing he has not
done for a long time. This same man Gilles took a couple of us over to the aviator’s wet canteen and
treated us liberally on good beer as he was celebrating his birthday. He also bought 3 gallons in the
evening inviting some friends so we were all happy, singing and drinking. It is the best time I have had in
France. We did not have to go down the line as scheduled.
Monday, July 2, 1917
This day is a holiday for all Canadian troops that are not in the trenches. Yesterday every gun on the
Canadian front fired three salvos commemorating the 50th anniversary of Canada confederation. Woke
up with a rather big head this morning so I did nothing but lounge about and rested as we go up the line
tonight. We left early leaving at 6:30. We had a narrow escape from death as Fritzy was sending a
number of high explosives very close to us and had we started 10 minutes earlier we would have walked
right into the places where they were lighting. Two men were blown to pieces a few hundred yards
away.
Tuesday, July 3, 1917
Wrote CADC. All our platoon arrived safely at 8:30 (last night). We were split up in shifts, each shift
working 8 hours. I am in the 3rd shift and do not need to work till 2 PM today. But as there was a 3 hour
job to be done and which had to be done in darkness we were taken and which means we will be
excused from our shift. The same thing happened tonight. Another important job had to be done so we
were the lucky ones again having only to work three hours instead of eight. We started at 10:00 PM and
quit at 1:00 AM. Luckily Fritzy was very good and did not shell very much.
50
Wednesday, July 4, 1917
Slept till 9 AM this morning and had a good breakfast which I cooked myself. It consisted of bully beef
and onions. I feel fine this morning because I have nothing to worry till 2 PM tomorrow unless some
other job creeps up tonight. If so we are through for this trip and if the officer will permit we will be back
in camp one day ahead. It was nice little showers this afternoon which cooled things off very nicely.
Received two letters from Chris. We were given another job digging a trench which only took us 3
hours. Consequently that finishes our work for this trip.
Thursday, July 5, 1917
We got permission to go back to camp any time we saw fit so we left at 1:30 AM although things looked
pretty lively. We went on a new road which is at least 2 miles shorter it taking us only 1½ hours. On the
way to our great joy we passed a Chaplain Service where we were given hot coffee free of charge. This
service is open all night to give the boys refreshments when coming from the lines. Went to sleep at
5:00 AM and slept till 12:00 PM. Made a good dinner. Sat around and rested all day.
Friday, July 6, 1917
Woke up too late for breakfast but had lots of grub so I cooked a great meal. Went over to the Flying
Corps canteen and we had a few good beers. Played cards most of the afternoon. Then went over to
the Artillery Canteen and played Crown and Anchor and made pretty good. Made enough to buy grub
making an elegant supper so I went to bed quite contented. Read a very good story before going to
sleep.
Saturday, July 7, 1917
Did not feel good so I did not bother getting up for breakfast so I lay in bed most of the day resting.
There was many air fights but nothing happened of interest. It is wonderful for us that these aeroplanes
can fly around. There were three triplanes flying very low over our camp doing all kinds of fancy stunts.
51
Woke up after a hard night as it was a terrific rain with the loudest thunder ever heard. We had just
fixed our dugout the day before as luck would have it making it good and waterproof. There is a great
expectation of the war ending in another month or so but as these rumours are always going around I
do not take much stock in them. This is the night to go up the line.
Arrived safely at No. 2 dugout at 9:00 but very tired. Started the work at 10:00 last night and worked
harder than I ever worked before in the army until this morning. My job this time was emptying sacks at
No. 6. Got back to No. 2 at 2:00 and had lunch, bully beef and tea. Slept till 9:00 and had breakfast.
Fritzy is exceptionally quiet today. Never seen such lively times in the air before. The shrapnel was
bursting very thickly trying for our planes and also we were trying for Fritzy planes.
Had the same job but it was considerably easier than the night before. We were finished at 1:00 AM
and got back to No. 2 at 3:00 AM and had lunch. We went to sleep at 4:00 AM and had breakfast at
9:00. Was very sleepy so I went to sleep again till dinner at 1:00 PM. Fritzy is very quiet except for his
aeroplanes. There must be something going to happen. This lasted all afternoon. No machines were
brought down but it was great to see how masterly their airmen can handle these machines as they
dove at each other like two birds. I had the luck to get five shots at a Hun aeroplane as he came very
close to where I was. He seemed to turn back just after the first of these shots.
Was through at 12:30 and took it very easy. The reason for it being so easy was that there was a lazy
bunch on shift filling sacks the day before consequently very few sacks to empty. We had lunch and
expected to be allowed to go back to camp but was refused and not to go till 4:00 in the afternoon so I
have to hang around here for about 1 ½ hours doing nothing. The other shift is responsible for this
refusal as they left before time without permission. We have to walk via a new road which is very much
shorter. Stopped at the YMCA and had good tea and biscuits.
52
Woke up after a much needed sleep. I hear we are to move about 15 miles further north. The bunch
that went down the line were called back so they mean business this time. We were paid 15 francs. I
did not expect any pay as I had already drawn it on the 5th. Went over to the Aviation Corps Canteen
and had many good beers. Played poker in the afternoon and lost a few francs. Received two good
parcels from home which I was glad to get. Sent home a letter saying I received it ok. Went over to the
canteen and played C and A.
The weather is just grand. The whole division is on the move, big truck loads can be seen moving along
the roads. So this is no false rumor this time. We have been told to be ready to march tomorrow
morning and expect a big hike in the heat so I am getting my feet into shape. I feel sore to leave this
place as we were just nicely settled down and felt nice and comfortable. I hear we are going to a far
worse place. The Major gave a little speech praising our good work at Vimy and hope we do the same
good work on a new front.
Reveille was at 6:00 AM and everyone was up even earlier than this. Everyone from the Major down
seemed very busy packing their belongings so the whole place was in the height of activity. I had so
much that I had to leave my coat and two blankets. We fell in at 9:00 AM and bid the place goodbye. It
sure is a gloomy place to what it was just ½ hour before. Was glad to learn we are to ride in lorries.
Mounted the lorry at 11:00. It sure made some line. I counted 75. We reached Haillicourt at 1:00 PM
where we are to billet tonight. Nice little town. We were like wild sheep, many getting drunk.
Was billeted in a stable which was fairly comfortable. The people in this town seem to be a little more
obliging than other places I have been in. Was able to buy milk and made bread pudding which was
53
great. Received a letter from mother with $1.00 in it which certainly came in exactly the time I needed
it. Sent a whiz-bang home to let them know I received it. Went to Bruay, a nice town 2 miles away. It
was a very busy little town all stores being open and everybody dressed in their best. Seen a very good
show here and had a good time all told.
Got up good and early as we were ordered to move at 8:30 to our destination. This time we walk which
will be about 7 miles. Was fortunate enough to get my pack on the transport which made the walking
easy. Many dropped out as most of them had big heads from yesterday. Arrived here at Bully (les-
Mines) at 1:00 PM tired and worn. A and B Company was billeted in the town but C and D Company are
billeted a half mile from town in the cellars of shell shattered houses. They make good quarters, better
than I expected. There is a battery of big guns just a couple of hundred yards to the right of us making a
fearful noise all day and night and Fritzy is shelling this place heavily making more noise.
Did not go out last night. Had a poor night rest as it was rather chilly and had to sleep on the cement
floor without blankets as any blankets were stolen at Haillicourt. Got very little to eat as things are not
settled yet. Went downtown and looked around. A very nice little town. It has not been shelled much
but nearly every window is broken by concussion. Most houses have heavy timber leaning over their
windows and doors to prevent breaking. One shell landed there today breaking the whole front out of
an estaminet but no one was injured. Fell in for work at 9:00.
We had a hard time finding the trench we were to work in but finally put to work only to find that we
were working in the wrong trench. Was a little nervous, the place being strange, but learned that Fritzy
don’t do much shelling here, only a couple passed over our heads and landing some distance away. Got
back to our billets at 1:30 AM and had tea. Went to sleep and slept till 12:00 noon on a cold floor
without blankets as no blankets were available. Went to town and had a good time considering the
amount of money we had to spend. Got back just in time to fall in for work at 9:00 PM. The weather is
rotten with many showers.
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Well, of all the hard nights I have put in last night was the worst. We were wading in water never less
than ankle deep and sometimes knee deep with heavy rain pounding in your face. We got lost quite
often and the different sections were disconnected making it necessary to stop and wait around till we
found each other again. We finally got to where we were to work but found it impossible to work for
slush so turned back. All this hardship for nothing. We were right up near the front line machine guns
pounding away on all sides. Arrived back at 2:00 AM soaked to the skin with mud and rain unable to get
blankets so had to lay in my wet clothes on a stone floor. Believe me I felt tough.
After getting dry which was not until 12:00 noon yesterday we went to the paymaster and drew 30
francs thinking that No. 12 Platoon would not go out but found out that it was a mistake so we refused
to go as we felt tough. We were shortly afterwards put under close arrest and went up before the
Major this morning. We put up a good fight and managed to only get seven days which was very light.
All we have to do is to carry water for the kitchen besides our usual work. Doing this we managed to get
lots of extra grub so it pays. Marched off to work at 9:00 PM way up near the front line. The trenches
were still sloppy and full of water but managed to come back dry but very dirty. There was heavy
bombardments starting at 10:30, every gun being in action along the front for ½ hour.
We got back at 1:15 AM and had tea as usual. Managed to get a blanket yesterday and made a good
bed so I had the first real good sleep since coming here. Had to carry water which only took 20 minutes.
The weather is very nice now for a change. The meals today are slightly better but not much. A strange
thing is that a French family live right amongst us and has lived there for two years under heavy shell fire
and still is in danger but refuses to move. She sells us eggs, coffee and cigarettes so we get a good meal
once in a while. Left for work at 10:30.
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We got back rather early this morning arriving here at 10:00 AM. We were to carry trench mats but the
transports did not come with them. We were unable to do any work so all we did was to lie around for a
while and then return home. We had a new experience coming home in the shape of tear gas. When
crossing a shallow valley we ran right into a big dose of this tear gas making it very uncomfortable for
the eyes. Just as I was going to give up from pain in the eyes we reached pure air. Then all the guns in
front of us seemed to open fire making an awful noise and the flare almost blinding us. Was glad when
we returned to our billets at 2:30 Monday morning.
This was the longest night I put in on this front as we never got back to billets till 2:30 AM making a total
of 5 ½ hours and it was heavy work. I was carrying heavy trench mats through sloppy trenches so I was
good and tired when I reached camp. Had the usual tea and managed to get an extra dose. Last night
and this morning was a night to be remembered, the gas especially. Was too tired to wake up for
breakfast and would have slept all day but had to get up and carry the usual amount of water for the
kitchen. One casualty occurred in our company. Not serious but a good blighty. Fell in for work at
10:00 PM.
Took it very easy this night. Our work was to clean out and fix up trenches that had caved in from shells.
Everything was comparatively quiet in comparison with the other nights although the guns kept firing
away. We had very good weather these last three days drying everything up very nicely. We had to
carry an extra dose of water this morning as we were able to have rabbit for supper which needs lots of
water. Fritzy is still sending very powerful shells 300 yards away trying for a big battery of ours. The
fired shells fly all around our billet so John and I have had many narrow escapes when carrying water.
Got a letter from the University of Manitoba with good news. Left for work at 9:00 PM.
Had the longest night so far as we got lost in the trenches when going out and also when coming out
again it taking us 1½ hours longer than it should on the way in each case so believe me I was tired. We
reached our billet at 4:00 AM having tea as usual. Seeing that we came in so late we were excused from
carrying water in the morning and allowed to sleep. To my joy did not have to carry any all day so I took
56
advantage and lay in bed all day and rested. Went to work at 9:00 PM as usual, the trenches being full
of water again after heavy rains.
Wrote to Chris P. and Eddie. Came home a little earlier this morning arriving in the billets around 3:00
AM but was soaking wet from the hip down as the trenches were full of water. I was also covered with
mud from head to toe. A little incident happened to John and I coming home. We were dead tired of
walking in the water filled trenches so we decided to break away from our section and walked on top
which for some distance was successful. We got lost and were wandering all over the place in among the
big guns and found out later that we had been just where Fritzy was shelling heavily just 5 minutes
before so we sure was lucky once more. Got home before them in spite of what happened.
Slept till 12:00 PM as we got out of carrying water again yesterday. Our time is up at 10 AM this
morning so John and I are free men once more so we can go wherever we like. We did not go out last
night as the big drive was expected. Last night we were all ordered to be ready any moment as we are to
go over the top in the fourth wave but it did not happen. We fell in at 1:30 PM for work coming home at
4:30 PM. Had a good view of the place around for the first time as we have always been there at night.
It was great to have a night’s rest for a change it being the first for two weeks. I seem to rest far better.
We fell in at 10:00 AM for work. Was given a certain piece to do which did not take long. I got up on
the top of the trench and walked around and was surprised to see the network of trenches. It sure takes
some skill to find your way as the trenches are a regular labyrinth. Everything is in readiness for the
drive. There is far more ammunition and guns than at Vimy. The cook is ordered to have the 8 hour
ration ready and they have a big ration of rum ready so big times are coming. Lens will fall this time no
doubt.
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Woke up early as it was my turn to get breakfast for the other two that sleep in our dugout. Two
mornings out of three I have breakfast in bed, some class for us. We were just on the verge of falling in
when a very dark cloud comes and threatens heavy rain so we are waiting for it to pass over. Received
two letters, one from Lily D. and one from the Old Community. It rained so hard that we did not go out
to work. It sure got to be a heavy rain to keep us in – we would have drowned for sure. We had a bath
instead which made me feel great as I was sorely in need of a clean shirt and bath. Wrote home.
Had a very good peaceful sleep as I was freed from lice, that is, free enough that they did not bother me.
I feel good today and feel so good that I could do two men’s work. It looks very much like rain it being
very cloudy. The trenches were in far better condition than I expected after such a heavy rain. It shows
that our work has done some good in keeping the trenches drained. Wrote to Gunnar. Took a walk
around Bully-Grenay and then went to bed and read the paper and then went to sleep and entered
dreamland.
Woke up this morning after a good night’s sleep and to my joy found out that we were not to go to work
today as we expect a big drive tonight when we will go out. Our job will be to dig a communication
trench in No Man’s Land which I am dreading very much. I was put on a light fatigue which only took ½
hour. The rest of the day I have to clean my rifle and harness to be ready at a moment’s notice. Wrote
to Lily, Gertie, Nellie, Emma B. We did not go out yet as I heard it was postponed 48 hours.
(From Wikipedia on No Man’s Land: “In World War I, no man's land often ranged from several hundred
yards to in some cases less than 10 yards. Heavily defended by machine guns, mortars, artillery and
riflemen on both sides, it was often riddled with barbed wire and rudimentary improvised land mines, as
well as corpses and wounded soldiers who were not able to make it across the sea of bullets, explosions
and flames. The area was usually devastated by the warfare and riddled with craters from artillery and
mortar shells, and sometimes contaminated by chemical weapons. It was open to fire from the opposing
trenches and hard going generally slowed down any attempted advance. However, not only
were soldiers forced to cross no man's land when advancing, and as the case might be when retreating,
but after an attack the stretcher bearers would need to go out into it to bring in the wounded.“ – Ed.)
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August
“Men were dropping at my feet either dead or wounded.”
Wednesday, August 1, 1917
Woke after a good night’s sleep. Had to get up to get breakfast as it was my turn, then went to sleep
again as we do not go out this morning at least. We expect the drive tonight. Had to fall in at 1:30 PM
to go down the trenches and salvage shovels. It is a very dull day with small showers now and then. I
did not need to go very far for my pick and shovel so it only took me ½ hour. The rest of the day I spent
resting and reading in case we went up the line but we did not. Fritzy sent many shells among our billets
during the night but no one was hurt.
Thursday, August 2, 1917
Had breakfast in bed as it was the other fellow’s turn to get up. The breakfast was very poor. I stayed
right in bed until 12:00 as it was a very disagreeable day. We sure are having it easy these days as we
are supposed to be waiting for the drive which is expected to come off every night but postponed. I
should worry. We had to fall in for gas drill at 1:30. We had to have the respiration on for 1 hour on the
march and on the double which sure was uncomfortable. Had also a few lectures on dugouts, etc. Did
go down the line as expected. No drive in sight yet.
Friday, August 3, 1917
Weather this morning is still very cloudy and disagreeable so we decided to have a little artificial heat
and made a fireplace which made us quite comfortable. No one seems to know when we go to work
again or when the drive comes off. I should worry. As this life of idleness in the army suits me and gives
me lots of time to catch up with my correspondence which has worried me lately. Wrote to Ole and
Chris P. 9 and 10 Platoon went out to work tonight for the first time in three days so we will most likely
go out tomorrow.
Saturday, August 4, 1917
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Got up early and got breakfast for three and got nicely in bed and almost reached dreamland when the
Sergeant yells out for us to fall in which made me sore. We went out to the usual trenches but had
some narrow escapes as Fritzy was shelling heavily just where we had to go. One man in our section got
slightly injured and I came less than an inch myself. It was the same going back. Received three letters:
Chris P., Bertha, Velma and Violet. Old Fritzy has the range on our billets as he has hit two of them
today and coming very close to others. No one was hurt. Two officers were wounded: one was from
our platoon.
Sunday, August 5, 1917
Had breakfast in bed and was tickled to death to learn that we do not need to go out but most likely we
have to go tonight. Wrote Velma, Violet and Joe M. The weather has been very nice today, the best for
four days. It is the first day the sun has shown itself for a long while. Wrote to Manitoba University. I
was fortunate enough to be put on gas guard tonight which relieves me of going down the line tonight.
The guard mounted at 1:45 PM. Our duty was to give the alarm if any gas shells are sent over. We had
all kinds to eat during the night which we spent chewing the rag.
Monday, August 6, 1917
Our duty was through at 6:00 so we had breakfast. Then we went to bed and slept till 12:00 just in time
for dinner. Our platoon went out at 10:00 AM. The weather is very dull raining most of the time. There
is very little doing in the fighting line as it has been too cloudy for the aeroplanes to work which acts
such an important part in this war. Fritzy still sends some over but does little or no damage. Sometimes
he makes us suck-holes a little. Russia is doing a little better now.
Tuesday, August 7, 1917
To my sad disappointment I learned that we must go out, I fell in at 9:00 for work. Went to the same old
trenches and done a little work and got back home at 3:00 PM. We were working right at a battery. At
dinner they gave me a swell dinner consisting of beef steak and gravy and tea which was new to me. The
artillery seems to be fed better than we are. Received a letter from Joe Sigurdson which was interesting
60
and it also contained a five franc note which sure came in handy. Went downtown and had a fairly good
time.
I was all ready to go out when orders came that it was not necessary for us to go out so I went to sleep
and slept all morning. In the afternoon I got busy and wrote to Joe, Sig and Chris P. Rained very heavy
all evening which made our billets and gear wet as the roof leaks considerably. Fritzy sent over the
usual amount of shells but it did no harm. The drive has been postponed indefinitely.
Woke up this morning and found that the sun had appeared in all its glory making it an elegant morning.
Everything was in great activity, swarms of aeroplanes flying overhead, both Fritzy and ours. Anti-
aircraft are very busy and shells whizzing back and forth. Seems they are making up for lost time. Fritzy
managed to hit an ammunition dump and the concussion was so great that it knocked down the kitchen
for our billet spoiling my breakfast and lunch.
Woke up to find the sun shining brightly. Was tickled to death to learn that Platoon 12 don’t go out
today and even more tickled to learn that we were going for a 10 day rest. I never seen a bunch of men
pack up in such a hurry. We left at 3:30 arriving at Houchin where we are to stay far from shot and shell
and the hearing of the guns. Beautiful scenes as the crops were ripe and plentiful. Was surprised to see
a horse on a treadmill working a threshing mill, a practice I thought had been forgotten in these days.
I have a rather good place to sleep but far to go for meals. Had a physical drill for 1 hour which I
understand will be all we do each day. Went to a YMCA tent and wrote to Bertha and Gertie. Received
a letter from Gertie. There is also a good phonograph on the go which sure makes you think of home.
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Had a very good supper. Wrote to Gudrun Davidson. Took a walk around town. Rather nice village
situated on a hill overlooking beautiful scenery down in the valley.
Shot put 32 feet 6 ½ inches. Woke up after a good sleep on the floor as I had to give up my bed to an
MCO. To my joy we went to have physical drill but had a parade instead. Getting a clean outfit which
sure feels great. Went to a sports meet that the schools get up which was a great treat, the band
playing in the afternoon. Some very good sports were on the hill. The blind folded square drill was very
comical. Sandwiches and drinks were supplied by the YMCA free. Went to a very good concert in the
evening where very good talent was shown. I forgot the war for the time being.
Woke up in good spirits as this is the day the ghost walks. Had physical drill at 9:00 AM and then pay. I
got cleaned up getting a haircut and shave. Then went to entertainment and had a few drinks and a
very sociable time. To my sad disappointment we were warned to get ready to leave at 6:00 PM. The
reason unknown but the thought is that the drive is coming off so we are ordered back. We are all
naturally sore as this is only our 3rd day and we were going to stay 10 days. I turned quite sick for some
reason so was left behind. To done in to walk.
Woke up feeling quite a bit better so expect to go back today some time. I left Houchin at 2:00 PM
arriving at the billets at 5:00 PM. Had to get busy and fix up as we are to leave at 7:00 PM for the line.
Left at 8:00 in a little shower. The roads were very slippery and the trenches very hard to navigate. I fell
at least 10 times. Just about halfway we struck gas which made it necessary to put on our respirators
making it still hard to see as it was already very dark. Reached some tunnel where we are to stay till
morning.
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Spent the most miserable night I ever put in as we were packed up in this tunnel like sardines. I was so
sleepy I caught myself sleeping standing up. We had something to eat at 6:00 AM and then we were
given a good ration of rum. Then we started out to do our task. We walked quite a ways and right over
No Man’s Land and were put to work there. I have often thought that I had been under heavy shell fire
but this was the worst I ever had. Men were dropping at my feet either dead or wounded. We stayed 7
hours under this barrage losing men all the while but I managed to come out without a scratch.
I never witnessed such a ghastly sight – dead and dying men lay all over. What was left of us got out at 2
PM. Every one of us more or less shell shocked. My life was saved in one instance at least when a big
shell hit only 3 feet away but as it happened it was a dud. But if it had been a good one I would have
been blown into a thousand pieces. I got a pretty good supper and went to bed.
(From Wikipedia: “The Battle of Hill 70 was a battle of World War I between the Canadian Corps and five
divisions of the German 6th Army. The battle took place along the Western Front on the outskirts
of Lens in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France between 15 and 25 August 1917. The assault began
at 4:25 a.m. on the morning of 15 August, just as dawn was breaking. Special companies of the Royal
Engineers fired drums of burning oil into the suburb of Cité St. Élisabeth and at other selected targets to
supplement the artillery creeping barrage and build up a smoke-screen. Divisional field artillery positions
executed a creeping barrage directly in advance of the assaulting troops while field howitzers shelled
German positions 400 m (440 yds.) in advance of the creeping barrage and heavy howitzers shelled all
other known German strong-points. Artillery Forward Observation Officers moved forward with the
infantry and artillery observation aircraft flew overhead and sent 240 calls for artillery fire by wireless.
The Germans had moved up their reserve units on the previous night in anticipation of an attack and the
main assembly of Canadian troops was detected by 3:00 a.m. and within three minutes of the attack
commencing, the German artillery brought down defensive fire at widely scattered points. The affected
forward positions of the German 7th Division and 11th Reserve Division were quickly overwhelmed.
Within twenty minutes of the attack beginning, both Canadian divisions had reached their first objective.
By 6:00 a.m. the 2nd Canadian Infantry Brigade had reached the second objective line, while units of the
three other brigades had in some cases already reached their final objective. Only the flanking
companies of the two battalions attacking Hill 70 managed to reach their objectives. The remainder of
the both units were forced to retreat up the slope and consolidate their position at the intermediate
objective line.” – Ed.)
Got up greatly refreshed after the biggest excitement I ever had in my life. We were all warned to be
ready at any time as we might be called on to go out and bring in the dead. None of us was called to go
so I rested some more as I was sorely in need.
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Woke up this morning feeling more like myself than I have since the drive but am still a little nervous. I
am also sore and stiff all over yet from the many hits I got from flying bricks and chalk. I have heard for
sure that this drive was successful as we gained all our objectives but our division was badly cut up. Our
battalion was given great praise especially C Company as we stayed right with it until we were through
with our trench. Other pioneer battalions were known to beat it and hid. The Major General said it was
great work and a miracle that we were not all killed as it was thought that no man could live under such
a heavy shower of shells. Two of our platoons went out to bury the dead but ours stayed in.
We were all ordered to pack up as we are going to finish our rest which we certainly need very bad as
every man is pretty well shaken up and nervous. We started off at about 3:00 PM. A very hot sun. We
passed many nice small towns. All along the road could be seen great activities in cutting and threshing.
Women and children all work alike. I was surprised to see very old men working. We reached Maisnil-
les-Ruitz at 7:00 PM. We had supper and then got billets which are fairly good. This is not much of a
town. It rained on the way so we were all soaking wet.
I woke up quite refreshed after the long march. Began to clean up as I was pretty well covered with
mud. A parade was called at 9:00 AM. All that was done was to praise us for our good work at the last
drive and read orders. Went to the YMCA and wrote home and to Gunnar. Had a good supper for a
change as we had a real beef steak and onions. Went to the YMCA in the evening to a sort of a sacred
concert where we had sacred songs and prayer, also a lecture by Captain Yates. After church I took a
stroll in the beautiful woods and then went to bed at 9:30. Fritzy aeroplane came over about 11:00 PM
and dropped a couple of bombs.
Woke up just in time for breakfast with the sun shining strong, it being a beautiful day. We had bath
parade to Houchin 3.5 km away – a long march for a poor bath and no change of underwear. On way to
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this town could be seen beautiful scenery down the valley with its little farm plots in shapes and colors.
Some plots were all stocked and some not but they made a beautiful effect on coloring. Reached our
billets just in time for dinner. In the shade of the trees I read all afternoon. Went to the YMCA in the
evening and witnessed a very good entertainment.
Had a good night’s rest. Had parade at 9AM and to my sad disappointment it was announced we were
to move farther back as the whole battalion was going on rest with the 1st division which means at least
four weeks rest. All the road could be seen the same elegant scenery and the same activities. It is quite
funny to see the ways they harvest. Mostly all done by manual labor and very little machinery. Went
through some very nice towns. People seem to be more contented the farther we get away from the
line. Reached Lapugnoy, the place we are to stay which is a very nice town. Got good billets this time in
a private house which is far better than the stables we are accustomed to.
Had a rather restless night as I had to sleep on the bare tile floor as we had no blankets because our
packs did not come. It sure was a cold night for us all. The French people of the house are very obliging
and have two young daughters that we have fun with teaching us French. To my sorrow we were told to
move out of our billet as I suppose it was too good for us and had to go and billet above a stable which
could have been worse. This change was due to the necessity of making room for the doctor’s quarters.
Weighed 73 kilograms. Had a good night’s rest as I was able to get some straw and make a fairly
comfortable bed. The kitchen is just next door and everything handy so we did not make too bad a
change. Took a walk around town which is a very cheerful place. Although I am broke I enjoyed myself
very much. A parade was called at 2:00 PM for the purpose of supplying equipment to men that lost
theirs in the drive. The rest, which include myself, went for a swim in a little river that runs to the town.
The water is cold but had a good time. Played baseball in the evening.
65
This is the day the ghost walks. So the usual pay parade was called for 1:00 PM. This parade has been
looked for for some time as I think every man was broke. We were all given double pay as the rule is
when at rest. I managed to get 35 francs. I felt very happy as I was able to buy many necessities such as
polish, etc. Went to D Company quarters and visited some of my old friends of the 107th. One of them
took us to a French house where a very good old woman lived who gave us coffee and refreshments and
asked us for supper but I did not want to impose so I declined.
There was a parade called at 9:00 AM for the purpose of examining our kits. I had everything that was
called for but many were lacking articles which is charged up against them. In the afternoon I spent the
time wandering around town and bathing in the hot sun. In the evening the 107th put up a concert
which was considered very good, some very good talent was shown. After the entertainment I went to
a house where I had the best meal I have had for some time consisting of eggs, potato chips, coffee and
champagne. I went to bed feeling contented.
Woke up feeling fine but wished I could have had some of the eggs I relished last night in bed but as my
money is getting rather low I will not be able to satisfy my wish. I stood on the corner where most of
the traffic is and admired the many pretty French girls walking by all dressed up in their best to go. They
seem to dress precisely the same as in Winnipeg. I was longing to go to church, but the church to go to
that I could get any good out of. I played Crown and Anchor and lost a few pennies.
Had breakfast earlier than usual as we are to move once more to another town which I am sure will not
be as nice as this one. We left at 8:30 it being a splendid morning for marching as the sun was not
shining and it was nice and cool. We stopped at noon for dinner on a large vacant field but did not get
anything to drink as the tea had all squirted out of the field kitchen on the way. So we sure was hungry
and to make it a little worse it started to rain so we all got soaking wet as we marched for 2 hours in the
rain. Arrived at Tincques at 3:00 PM making a total of 15 miles.
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We got the usual stable billets and had to sleep on the cold and damp ground. Was kept awake by the
rats which were plentiful. I am still pretty wet from the rain yesterday. The only thing dry was my
overcoat which I wore alone till I dried my inner clothes. This place is only a small town, very miserable
and slow. I would just as soon be sent back to the line as stay here any length of time. Went to a
moving picture show in the evening which cost two pennies admission. Seen some old Charlie Chaplin
pictures.
It is still raining and miserable. I don’t think we have had one whole clear day now for a month. To my
great joy we had bath parade which I needed badly as I am pretty lousy and uncomfortable. Here we
were given a whole suit of winter underwear without anything in return. This underwear I needed as it
is getting quite chilly nowadays. Had to stay in our dingy billet as it is raining. Went to a blacksmith
shop and seen quite a novel way of shoeing a horse. They tie him up so that it is impossible for him to
move.
Woke up the sun shining brightly for a change and hope it keeps up as we are to have sports today. The
sports commence at 2:00 PM. Everything was run without a hitch. The mile and 3 mile was won by Joe
Keeper. Tonight we competed but made poor showings. It seemed he did not care. The running high
went 4 feet 6 inches, broad jump, hop, step and jump. It was not a very good score but the ground was
wet and no uniform and using no boots on their stocking feet. A football match was played: 107th vs. A.
S. C . 107th losing 1 to 0. A very good match.
Fairly nice weather this morning if only it keeps that way. There was 10 men picked out to try for the
competition. The 8 best men in the battalion are to make up the team to shoot at the divisional sports.
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I done very poorly as the targets were no good and a very dull day. We had a march of 5 kilometers
each way and did not get back till 7:30. Had supper and then went to the moving picture show as it was
free to our battalion. Seen some stale pictures of Charlie it being so long since that I enjoyed it some.
Our colonel was there and seemed to enjoy it immensely.
Hill 70 - German shells bursting on Canadian positions at Lens, France
(Canadian War Museum)
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September
“We are right in the outskirts of Lens and all the villages around here are flattened beyond recognition.”
Saturday, September 1, 1917
Woke up to find out that we are to be on parade at 8:40 AM. This being the first in this town but it did
not amount to much as it was only a general inspection which only took 1 hour. Spent the afternoon
laying around and reading. A bag of Canadian mail arrived and I got three letters from Gertie, Chris and
Gudrun. I found a better place to sleep – up in a hay loft where there was more room and cleaner so I
expect to have a good night’s rest for a change. It is rumored that we move back to work Monday which
I hope is not true.
Sunday, September 2, 1917
I sure had a better sleep than in the old place as it was warmer and no rats to bother you. Took a walk
around town and seen every civilian dolled up as usual on a Sunday. It was a fairly nice day so we went
picking apples, pears and plumbs but the apples and pears are not ripe. There are walnuts galore but
still very green. Went and seen another football game between the 107th and A.S.C. Our boys were
badly beaten 4 to 1. A.S C. have a different team than last time which sure is a splendid team. Received
a very good parcel from sister so I made some coffee which she sent.
Monday, September 3, 1917
Woke up feeling jake with the sun shining in all its glory. Was ordered on parade for a little mustering
practice which did not amount to much. A parade was also called in the afternoon for the inspection of
our helmets. The rest of the afternoon was spent playing poker for cigarettes, winning six packages so I
have all kinds of smokes. There was a concert put up by our boys with the aid of four selections
rendered by the A.S.C. boys which was very good, in fact better than anything else on the program.
Tuesday, September 4, 1917
69
Weighed 74 kg. It is a very nice day. A parade was called for 9:00 AM but later canceled to my joy. A
baseball game was played A & B Company vs. C & D Company. C & D Company being by far the best
team winning by a big margin, the score was 17 to 2. I received a new pair of trousers and a tunic which
I needed badly. Wrote letters to Chris, Gunnar, Gertie and Marie Vator. Then I had to get busy and pack
up to be ready first thing in the morning as breakfast will be called at 5:00 AM and we start off for Bully
at 8:00 AM. We have not finished our rest but was called back for some reason or other.
Wednesday, September 5, 1917
I woke up good and early and had a good breakfast and just got ready in time but no time to spare.
Started off at 8:00. Went back on a new road so we seen many towns which we have not seen before.
Most of the grain is cut and threshed but still many were just starting. Stopped 1 hour for dinner on a
vacant field. Had a little sleep. The sun is very hot which makes it hard for us, many dropping out.
Reached Bully at 4:00 PM. I managed to get a good bed with a mattress for a change so I went to bed
early as I was good and tired.
Thursday, September 6, 1917
Woke up feeling fine. Was awakened during the night as there was a gas alarm given but it was such a
small amount no damage was done. The night before it is said that 1,000 shells were sent over by Fritzy
into this town but very little damage done. I had to pack up once more as we are to go closer up the line
to an old broken down village called Colonne (must be a mistake or misspelling as Colonne is not in this
location - Ed.). Started off at 12 and reached there at 2:00 PM. We got busy and fixed things up in the
cellars of shell shattered houses making things as comfortable as circumstances would allow. The
artillery is all around us and Fritzy is sending them over thick.
Friday, September 7, 1917
Slept very well. The weather is very good today. I never knew things to be so quiet before as there was
not a shot fired for at least 2 hours. I was almost thinking that peace was declared but coming close on
to 12:00 noon shells could be heard once in a while. Was put on fatigue which was only for 1 hour. We
expect to go up the line tonight to work laying light railroad. We did not go railroad but done the same
old thing - fix trenches. At suppertime to my joy I was made S. B. so I went down the line for the first
time in that capacity.
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We got back at about 2:00 AM this morning things being very quiet so I did not have a case for
bandaging which I hope continues to be so. Went to sleep and slept till 8:00 when breakfast was served.
Intended to go to sleep right after breakfast but as I received quite a number of Tribunes I kept awake it
keeping me busy all day reading them. Went to town to get a Red Cross kit. Met John there, he is
expecting to come from the company tonight as his foot is almost better. We fell in at 7:15 as usual for
work.
Arrived at the billets at 1:30 AM. Nothing exciting occurred. I like my job very well so far. We were given
tea which was a good thing to relieve our fatigue. I had a good sleep. I played poker for cigarettes and
won 60 cigarettes. I wanted to go downtown but all permissions stopped as four men went down and
got drunk and were absent from parade. The leave for Paris has been increased. Two men go each day
instead of 3 every 5 days but my leave is far off yet.
Arrived in camp 2:30 having our tea as usual and then went to bed feeling not any too well. Woke up at
7:00 for breakfast feeling good but sleepy. Just heard a rumor that we are leaving here on the 13th. A
Company coming to relieve us although we have fairly good billets here. I would poor-er stay in Bully
where we expect to go. Lens is very close from here, it can easily be seen. We can all hear shells
bursting there almost all day. Fritzy does not shell this place at all though so it’s nice and quiet.
Did not need to go out last night as the platoon that I look after did not go so I had a good sleep which I
needed as the last few nights I have not slept much. Had a good dinner for a change which was a
surprise to all of us as dinner is as a rule the poorest. It is rumored we got paid but little will it do as we
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are not allowed to leave our billets as four of our men went down and got drunk and were absent. It is
sure making it bad for us. Left at 7:15.
We arrived rather late, not arriving into our billets until 2:30 AM. Had tea and hard tack. Went to sleep
at 4:00 AM and got up for breakfast at 7:00 AM. Went to sleep again. Had dinner and to my joy we got
paid. We asked permission to go to Bully but was refused but John and I went anyway. Went to the
YMCA and got a good stock of tobacco and other necessaries. Went to Grenay and bought a few bottles
of Vin Blanc. Got back to billets just in time for parade. Felt fine all evening in spite of Fritzy’s heavy
shelling.
Arrived back from the trenches at 12:30. We had without a doubt the most exciting night. We were
closer to the front line than usual but got back safe without a scratch. Had tea and a good sleep. Went
to Bully getting permission this time. Had a good time. Fell in at 7:30. Went to some new trench to
work. It was not till 11:30 that we found it as the guide got lost himself.
Got in about 2:00 AM. Did not do much work as it took so long to find the trench we were to work in. It
was not my turn to go out but as a man was sick I volunteered to take his place. It was quite a bit of
shelling but we all got back safe. Got a nice place on the green grass and read all afternoon. Went to
work at 7:00 PM. Went to the same place night before last very near to the front line but it was
considerably quiet. We did not stay long.
We got in early this morning 12:30, had our tea as usual and went to sleep. Had to wake up early as we
are to move to Bully at 9:00. Reached Bully at 11:00 AM. Picked up very good billets. Just finished
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dinner when orders to get ready came as we are to be attached to the 2nd M G Company. Do not know
what we are to do. Started off for Petit Sains-en-Gohelle. This M G Company reached there at 5:00 and
was greeted by many good fellows in this section.
Woke up and had a good breakfast. The bed was rather hard and we had to sleep on the floor. All the
men seem very nice and have the idea that we will have a good time with them. It is said we are
permanently attached but I think it is only a rumor. To my surprise we were paid again it being only four
days since we got paid before. John and I went out and had a swell meal of eggs etc. and then a few
drinks. Went to the gambling place and won a few francs. There is 20 of us from the 107th.
Woke up quite refreshed. Had still enough money to have a few drinks and a good feed. Took a walk all
around the town which is called Petit Sains-en-Gohelle. When going for dinner I was notified that I was
to go up the line at 6:00 PM to take the place of men that were wounded. Started about 6:30 and
arrived at dusk, St. Pierre, which is right up near the supports where heavy shelling takes place but
reached there without being hurt.
Had to sleep on a stone floor of a cellar which is almost shellproof. There is with us a squad of trench
mortar men who go up the front line each night. They all seem very nice and obliging. I was put in
charge of the men that came out with me. I had to report first thing this morning and was told that all
we had to do was to make 2nd CM Company headquarters shellproof. We worked all day piling bricks on
top of the cellar but took it very easy. We are well fed but have to cook our own grub.
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Managed to scrape up a blanket so I slept a bit better last night. Fritzy was sending shells over pretty
thick all night. Some lighting right in our doorway and latrine. There was also gas shells sent over which
necessitated our using the gas respirator for ½ hour. We are right in the outskirts of Lens and all the
villages around here are flattened beyond recognition. Many wounded are being brought in.
Slept fairly well. We are still working at making headquarters bombproof. At 10 AM I was told that I was
to go up to the supports with a guide to take measurements of the material necessary for repairing a
dugout which was hit. Had some lively time getting there as Fritzy shelled pretty freely. Got back at 12
and was told to take as many men as I wanted in the afternoon to repair the dugout. Worked hard for 6
hours to finish before dark. Got back safe with all the men although those Huns shelled heavy.
Had a good night’s rest and we all slept in as we were good and tired after the work and excitement of
yesterday. The trench mortar men were relieved by the Imperials. I guess we will be relieved in a day or
two. We took over their beds which are fairly good. We worked around as usual and to our joy we
received a good rum issue. Had to go on gas guard for 1½ hours from 11:30 PM to 1 AM. Heavy shelling
continued all night.
Accidentally slept in but no one was any the wiser. Finished the work around headquarters and then
just took life easy. Many dead and wounded are being brought in. Our boys must of went over the top
this morning. All but four of us pioneers go in today. We go tomorrow. We were to go down to the
supports but the order was canceled and I was not a bit sorry either as Fritzy seems to be shelling
heavily in the direction we would have to go.
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Feel fine this morning as I had a good sleep. The sun shine brightens and makes things cheery. Do not
have to do any work. Only wait till the time comes to go in. Left for our billets at 4:00 PM after a 6 day
trip, arrived in Bully at 6 PM and chatted with some of our boys and then proceeded on to CM group
arriving there at 3:30 PM. To my sad disappointment I learned we are called back to the battalion.
Had to fall in with full marching orders at 8:30 and proceeded to Bully, our headquarters, and was told
we would wait till rations went up to our Company who were stationed in Souchez Valley 8 kilometers
from Bully. Had a good time in Bully as I got a letter from mother with 10 francs in it. Also got a letter
from Olie O. Was very tired when I reached our Company. It was too late to get any tea from the cook
so John and I made coffee. We were unable to get room inside the hut so had to sleep outside which
was not very comfortable.
We fell in for work at 6:30 PM last night and did not get back till 4:00 AM this morning. The job is to lay
3 miles of cable. Each man has 3 feet long and 7 feet deep to do. I struck easy soil so it was not hard
work. We had to wait so long for the cable to be strung. There are 50 cables that go in this trench and it
had to be threaded through tunnels sometimes getting stuck. We were sure glad to get back. We got
tea and then I went to bed on the cold, cold ground in the open. The grass is pretty wet with dew.
Slept very little as I was cold all night. Had a poor breakfast and then tried to go to sleep again as the
sun was out and it was getting a little warmer so I was able to enjoy a little more sleep. Sam Erikson
came over from the 44th to see me and have dinner with us. So that we could not rest peacefully we
were ordered to move 300 yards away as we were in the wrong hut. Worked all day moving. Managed
to get room inside a hut this time. Fell in to go to work at 6:30. Things went much better this time - got
back at 1:30 AM.
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Had a good night’s rest and then slept some more after breakfast. We formed a working party to leave
at 1:00 PM. This was payday but I did not get any as I lost my paybook. We left at 1:00. Did not work
very hard. On the way home seen a very interesting air fight. Fritzy set our balloon on fire and got away
in spite of the heavy shelling. But the most interesting was at about 7:00 PM right above our head.
Fritzy got our balloon but we got him after some clever work in the air. One of our machines was forced
to land but the man was not hurt.
Had a fine night’s sleep for a change and a rum issue. We expect this issue to continue as it is pretty
cold at nights. We were ordered for parade at 1:30 as usual. Had an easy time as I was picked to help
the signalers which were testing the cable. Got back to billets at 6:00 PM. To my surprise Burt
Anderson came to see me. He seems to be the same old boy. The biggest part of the 223rd battalion is
over here and now some will be drafted to our battalion and most of them will go to the 27th. All
battalions are rehearsing for the big drive over Lens which will be the biggest in history.
Was awakened early as we are to go out at 8:00 AM. Worked pretty hard making a tunnel for the cable
under a light railroad track. Worked till 2:00 PM. Had dinner and then had a good supper consisting of
the usual mulligan. Received about 8 Tribunes so it took me the rest of the day to read them. Also
received letters from the University of Manitoba and Annie Clark. Also two Jack Canucks which proved
very interesting. It is getting very cold at nights now, almost frost. Went to bed right after rum issue.
Woke up shivering as it was quite frosty. To my great surprise I was warned for orderly room at 11:00
AM for being late on parade yesterday morning but managed to escape any penalty but a severe
lecture. Our party does not go out today but will go out tonight most likely. We left our billets at 6:30 it
taking 1 ½ hours to get to our work. Was given 4 feet long and 7 feet deep trench to do and was
through at 10:30. We put in the cable and buried it in ½ hour. I started for home at 11:30 but did not
get there until after 1:00 AM as the officer took the wrong way which proved to be a farther one.
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Lens, France
BL 6-inch 26 cwt Howitzer
77
October
“It is rumored we go to Ypres soon, our first move to start tomorrow. They say it is far worse there than
here.”
Monday, October 1, 1917
Had a good sleep. I intended to go and visit the 27th battalion but was warned to fall in for a working
party at 1:00 PM. The job proved very easy so we got back early arriving back at 5:00 PM so we need
not go out with the night party. I took a walk around the valley and had a look at the many graves that
decorated this part of France. There are two large monuments put up by the 44th battalion in memory
of their own comrades that have given the supreme sacrifice.
Tuesday, October 2, 1917
Woke up only to be informed that I was to fall in at 8:30 AM for working party. Had to work rather hard
carrying heavy cable 400 yards uphill. When the time came to quit I was all in and had still left to march
home which takes us 1 ½ hours. I took no lunch with me so I was sure weak with hunger. We got back
just in time for supper. Was going over to the 78th battalion but on the way I heard that there was a
good show on at the YMCA so I went there and was not sorry for it as there was a splendid concert put
up by the 21st battalion.
Wednesday, October 3, 1917
Had a poor night’s rest as my friend the louse gave me considerable troubles so I am sorely in need of a
bath and a change. Had to fall in at 8:30 AM. Still have the same heavy job carrying cable but got home
earlier than yesterday. Went to the YMCA as the 38th battalion is giving a concert. It was a very good
concert and nearly as good as last night. Their band was very good, they gave us some very cheery
music. After we left the YMCA we were surprised to see a Fritzy aeroplane flying around and he had the
nerve to fire at us but hit no one. It was pitch black.
Thursday, October 4, 1917
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Went to work as usual at 8:30 but expect it to be an easy day as we finish laying the cable in this trench
today which will do away with the day party. We arrived 3:30 PM and had dinner. We were lucky as
just as we got to camp it started to rain and got very disagreeable. The night party went out as usual
and sure looked a sick bunch as it was raining and the ground was very slippery. The route we go is up a
steep hill so it is no fun climbing it on rainy days. Had rum issue at 9:00 which warmed us up a little.
Friday, October 5, 1917
To my joy I was told we do not go out till tonight so I decided to go to Bully and get a new paybook and
also some money which I did and managed to get 20 francs. Had a good time. It did not last long as we
had to hike back which takes 2 hours and be in time for 6:00 PM parade. We arrived just in time feeling
very tired, had no time for supper. Halfway to work a man took a fit and I was lucky enough to be
detailed to take him home so I did not work.
Saturday, October 6, 1917
We all got orders to pack up as we are moving once more but this time I am not a bit sorry as we will be
closer to our work. It could not be a more miserable day for this move as it is very sloppy out and still
raining. We had a hard time climbing a slippery hill almost a mile long with our heavy packs. We finally
reached our new billets which is in broken down cellars but fairly comfortable quarters with beds and
fireplace. I was good and wet and was glad to learn we do not go out. I was put on gas guard but it
proved very satisfactory to me.
Sunday, October 7, 1917
Was through gas guard at 1:30 AM. Had a good sleep from then although I was bothered with lice. It is
still raining and very disagreeable. We were able to build a fire and dry our clothes but we were not
allowed to have it as the smoke may give our position away. We were all issued with a winter
undershirt which makes me feel great and what makes me feel still greater is that we do not need to go
out tonight. We hear the battle of Ypres is won which is glorious news to us.
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Had an elegant sleep, the best for three weeks. The sun is shining gaily for a change which put a new
spirit in us. It is rumored that the Huns are evacuating Lens and also Belgium which I hope is true. We
had been waiting for a big drive on Lens but if Fritzy leaves without fighting so much the better. It is
getting cloudy again now at 4:00 PM. It started to rain at about 5:00 PM so I was glad to learn that we
need not go out tonight. We got a good rum issue which made me feel jake. Went to bed early.
It is still raining and very disagreeable, everything very sloppy. We are able to make our billet nice and
comfortable which is one conciliation. We had to work for an hour in the afternoon fixing a road for the
ration wagon. Fell in for work at 5:30 PM. I never put in such a rough night in my life. The roads were
so slippery I fell every 100 yards. Before I got out to the work I was soaking wet through. We finally got
through digging our trench but had to stand around for an hour shivering to death. Was very miserable
when I reached billet.
It has stopped raining but very cold and unpleasant. Was never so surprised when I looked at my
clothing in the daylight. It was almost a ½ inch of clay and not a clean or dry spot on them. Had to go to
breakfast in my overcoat as my pants were so wet. I use all kinds of means to dry my clothes and
managed to get them nearly dry. Fell in at 5:00 PM for work again. It did not rain much but it sure was
hard walking. As we did not need to lay cable we got home in good time. Had a good rum issue and
slept well.
Wrote home. The weather was very nice this morning for a change. Had an hour’s worth of cleaning up
as I was very muddy. I shaved and washed for the first time in 1 ½ weeks so I felt pretty good. I received
four letters from Velma, Violet, Gunnar and sister also a few Tribunes which kept me busy the rest of the
day. Seen an air fight but not very close as they were some distance away. Old Fritzy managed to get
away.
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Did not have to go out last night so I had a full night’s sleep for a change. It is raining one minute and
sunshine the next. It is getting very chilly now, the winter is setting in all right which I have been
dreading for some time. It is rumored we go to Ypres soon, our first move to start tomorrow. They say
it is far worse there than here. Two platoons had to go out tonight so we tossed the coin who should
go. Our platoon won out so we stayed in. Got order to pack up and be ready to march at 10 PM
tomorrow.
I got ready in good time. I was put on carrying party so I did not need to carry my pack which I consider
was very lucky as the roads are fearfully bad. All I had to carry was a kitchen dixie. It took us 1 ½ hours
to get where we are to stop for the night. The billets are nice and roomy but very cold and leak. The
weather is very cold which sure makes us feel miserable. It hailed some for the first time. Was put on
gas guard.
Did not sleep a wink as I was too cold. Had to sit up beside the fire to keep warm. We had an early
breakfast as we are scheduled for a 15 mile hike. I was lucky again as I did not need to carry my pack
because I was on gas guard and no sleep last night. I was still luckier when I was detailed to look after a
man that got drunk when only gone about 2 miles so we managed to get a ride all the way. Reached
Divion, our destination, two hours before the battalion. Got good billets and an extra blanket. Had a
few drinks and a good time.
Woke up feeling fine with all probability of a fine day. I was glad to hear that we are to fall in for pay at
9:00 AM. To my sad disappointment I was told that I do not get any pay as I was paid on the fifth. I went
to company captain and he said he would do all he could do to induce the paymaster but failed to obtain
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results so Sweeney volunteered to lend me a few francs tomorrow. John got his pay so we had an
excellent time.
Woke up with the greetings that there is to be a muster parade at 8:30 so we all got busy cleaning
ourselves up as anyone found dirty was to be put to work washing transports. I passed inspection
alright and our platoon was the cleanest in our company as there was no one picked out for fatigue
work. Went to Mr. Sweeney and got 10 francs. Had very good time as we were able to buy brandy. We
had rum issue at 7:30 PM which made us feel jake.
Woke up extra early as we are to leave this place on transports some 15 miles enroute to Belgium. Had
a very good view of the country. Everywhere could be noticed the scarcity of man labour as there was
mostly all women that worked in the field. Arrived about 1:00 PM at some farm house and we were
billeted in stables. Did not get any supper as no rations came up.
We had a fairly good breakfast which I sure needed as I was good and hungry. About 10:00 AM we got
hold of some potatoes and cooked them and had a good feed. In the afternoon we managed to get milk
and corn so we set to work to boil the corn in milk which sure made an excellent meal. Went around
the different farms and found apple and pear trees. Had a good supper and then went to the nearest
town 5 km away called Steenwerck. Seen an excellent picture show.
Woke up rather cold as there was heavy rain during the night. Guns can be heard thumping all night
which must be in Belgium as we are only 6 km away from that country. We have been expecting to
finish our journey but no orders have come yet. We all helped to wash a yard for the madame of the
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farmer so we were all given a cup of good French coffee. After supper we went to Steenwerck to see
the show which proved very good. Fritzy dropped bombs close by.
Arriving home last night we were ordered to pack up and be ready at 8:00 AM. We are to take a bus but
had to march seven kilometers to meet it. Passed through some very big town. We went through the
part where the Portuguese are fighting. They have the same style uniform only a different color. We
arrived at Ypres about 1:00 PM and then had to march over 1 mile out of town where we are to be
billeted in the open in very small tents or bivouacs. Fritzy came over in aeroplanes and dropped bombs
which sure made us feel nervous.
To my great surprise we were called at 2:00 AM and had marched off at 3:00 AM on our first working
party. We expected a little rest but no such luck. Our work was filling sandbags to carry them to fill
shell holes for a roadbed. I never seen such activity in all my life. There is about seven battalions
approximately 5,000 men working on this road. There is also a light railroad and a pipeline going up at
the same time like wildfire. All this work is done under Fritzy observation.
We were called at the same time as yesterday morning and had to do this same kind of work.
Thousands of pack mules with ammunition pass and it is a pitiful sight to see the poor animals sink into
the mud so deep that it is impossible to get them out so consequently they are shot. Hundreds of dead
mules and horses can be seen all along the road. I never seen such a sloppy country in all my life. You
sink knee deep wherever you go. It is now raining making it still worse. I am soaking wet and no place
to dry clothes.
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Went out the same time as before and done the same kind of work with a little carrying of planks added.
Fritzy has been shelling the road since we left it yesterday. What surprised me is that he does not shell
more while we are there. One thing that I have not seen before is these big tanks. Was in one which
sure is a complicated piece of machinery. I counted at least 14 of them and they were all stuck in the
mud and pretty badly smashed up. He shelled us for a change. Three men killed but not in our
battalion.
Went out the same time but had to carry planks through mud and slush right up to the end of the road
which sure played me out. The rest of the time we filled sandbags and shell holes. It is raining making it
very miserable. We had to work 1½ hours longer than usual so believe me I was hungry when we got
back at 2:00 PM making it 10 hours without anything to eat. I received five letters and a few Tribunes.
Gertie, Gunnar, sister, mother and Violet. I got $1.00 from sister so I lost no time to buy something to
eat. We got no bread, nothing but hard tack.
Was glad to learn that we are not to go out till 9:00 AM which gave me a good night’s rest. We went an
awful round about way as the officer did not know where he was going but after 3 hours of marching
through the mud we finally found the place which is a way up a ridge right in among the field batteries.
We are to dig a trench to drain the water off the ridge but had not worked long when Fritzy shelled so
much that we had to beat it. We all reached safety but many narrowly escaped.
Left the billets at 4:30 AM in a heavy rain. We are now working a way up besides the field batteries
making a road bed. We sure are working under difficulty as Fritzy is shelling all around us and has hit
two of our guns. The party which went out yesterday afternoon had about 9 casualties, all of B
Company. Three killed, one missing and five wounded but none of C Companying were hurt. Fritzy
bombs us every night, one bomb lighting 50 yards away from our tent. We got back to billets early
arriving at 11:00 AM. Went on sick leave.
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Wrote home. I did not go out with the party this morning as I was on the sick list and got medicine and
duty but got out of going down the line so I got a long sought for rest. I had a general clean up and had
a wash for the first time in five days so I felt jake. The sun is shining brightly for a change so everything
feels gay. Fritzy gives us an awful scare twice a day regular by coming over in swarms of 10 and drops
bombs but as luck would have it he has left us alone so far.
Went down the line this morning. It being an elegant day we had a good job this time as we did not
need to wade through the mud. Fritzy was very good this morning as he did not throw any shells our
way but on the way home he give us an awful scare dropping bombs just ahead of us but no one was hit.
Began to write a letter to Gertie but Fritzy came over on a bombing raid so I had to put the lights out.
My wrist is pretty sore with rheumatism so I went on sick parade and got light duty. All I had to do was
get a few sticks for the kitchen. A battalion close by moved away so I was able to salvage all necessary
material for a first class dugout. I worked very hard alone to finish it before night but did not. I was
never worked so hard for a long time. Fritzy came over and was dropping bombs nearly all the night but
we escaped injury.
Got paid. Went on sick parade again and got light duty. Had to work pretty hard carrying lumber and
material for a cook shack and in the afternoon it was our work to build the shack. It started to rain and
rained all afternoon making it anything but pleasant working. Also managed to finish my dugout which
is real comfortable and nearly bombproof. Fritzy came over as usual and dropped a bomb on D
Company killing one and wounding four.
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Went sick again and got light duty as my wrist is still pretty sore. Had to help carry material for officer’s
huts and sergeant’s mess and also build the sergeant’s mess. Fritzy did not come over this time but
bombed the boys down the line quite a bit. Canada went over the top again this morning and made the
objectives very easily but lost many lives. Many wounded prisoners could be seen coming in all through
the day. Received socks and mitts from mother.
Terrain of the Second Battle of Passchendaele
German Barrage Fire Ypres 1917
86
November
“The casualty list was pretty heavy as the road was strewn with dead.”
“It certainly feels good to be out of Ypres.”
Thursday, November 1, 1917
Got light duty again but did not do much today. I lay around reading a bunch of Tribunes I received. It is
rumored that Italy has lost 100,000 prisoners and 600 guns. It sure looks bad. Fritzy came over at noon
and bombed pretty heavy around our billets dropping one just a couple of hundred yards away killing
five mules and wounding badly two men. The weather is keeping rather nice with only light showers.
Fritzy came over again at 7:00 PM and dropped bombs nearly all night. Got letter from Joe Sig with 5
francs in it.
Friday, November 2, 1917
Went sick again but this time I got M&D so I had to go out with the 10:30 AM party. We had a hard job
filling in shell holes. We expected to be shelled as he shelled at that place heavily yesterday but he did
not throw a single shell all the time we were there. Started for home at 3:00 PM getting here at 4:30 PM
just in time for supper. Clouds have been very heavy all day making it impossible for the aeroplanes to
work so Fritzy left us alone for a change. Expect to move about the 16th of the month.
Saturday, November 3, 1917
I managed to exchange with another man so as to get on a 4:30 AM party but it was canceled so we do
not go till 10:30 AM. Nothing happened while working but when we were going out old Fritzy sent some
big stuff over very close to us. A piece hit one of our men and gave him a nasty bruise. We got to our
billets in good time as we were given a task job so we all worked good and hard. I bought some good
things to eat at the YMCA and had a great feed.
Sunday, November 4, 1917
87
Went out at 10:30. All along the way could be seen dead horses and large shell holes in the road. Fritzy
sure has been putting them over during the night but was very good to us during the day as there was
no shells lit near us. We have a task job again and not as much as yesterday so we were through in
record time 1:30 PM. Fritzy has not been able to come over on a bombing raid as it is too cloudy so he is
shelling the camps around here instead. Three men killed in the next camp.
Monday, November 5, 1917
Went out as usual but just before I lined up who should I meet but Bert Anderson and Vapni of the 27th
Band. It sure was a treat to see some old timers. We had about the same work as yesterday getting
through about 1:30 PM. He shelled us again when coming out but no one hurt this time but many mules
were hit since we came in the morning. He is still sending his high velocity stuff all around our camp.
Went to the YMCA and got some canned sausages which were great and then my regular supper on top
of that so I feel grand and then 4 issues of rum I had saved up.
Tuesday, November 6, 1917
The 27th battalion were scheduled to go over the top this morning. Their objective is to capture a village
a little east of here. There was certainly a mighty rumble of guns this morning which is a sign some
battalion must of went over the top. Left here as usual 10:30 PM for down the line. Along the way we
seen prisoners come in, most of them were carrying stretchers. All the objectives were taken and 700
yards farther. 3,000 prisoners here are also taken. The casualty list was pretty heavy as the road was
strewn with dead.
Wednesday, November 7, 1917
We left an hour earlier this morning leaving at 9:30. We were given about double the work to do that
we have been given in the past and Fritzy sure did shell all around us and pretty close to us as we had to
move for a time. We did not get away until 2:00 PM. I sure was tired when I got back. This drive of
yesterday is all we Canadians are to do so we will be moving out soon and the sooner the better. When
we get our guns in this village we captured we can shoot into German soil. Had a good meal and went
to bed at 8:00 PM.
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Got a parcel from home. We left at 9:30 and had a hard task as we had to make a road through a shell
shattered bush full of wire entanglements. Fritzy did not shell at all until we were on the way home
when he gave me the closest call since the 15th of August. A shell lighting just 20 yards away from us
and pieces came as thick as hail but by gift of Providence not one of us got hit. Our planes sure
dominate the air. I counted 34 machines playing in the air all morning directly above us.
Fritzy come over as usual and does a little bombing but keeps away from us for a change. He throws
some nasty shells over close to us once in a while. We left at the usual time 9:30 AM. Nothing exciting
occurred going out but when we got nicely started to work he began to throw over some shrapnel. As
luck would have it these shells failed to burst overhead lighting only a few yards away. All they did was
to spatter some mud up in the air. There was some that burst in the air as Fritzy intended but did no
harm. Got back rather late as we had a hard task to do.
We were ordered out at 7:15 this morning for a change. It kept me guessing what we were to do at this
hour. It proved to be the same job grading. This day proved also the most exciting since August 15. Our
guns were firing for all they were worth as our boys went over the top. This made Fritzy mad I suppose
so he shelled us heavily one lighting only 5 yards away. It was a miracle that no one was killed, only
three wounded. We ran to safety and later came to work only to be shelled again as we went out for
good. A corporal of our company was killed on the night duty.
We got home early yesterday morning on account of Fritzy shelling so much. John and I cooked some
bacon and beans and made a good cup of coffee that mother sent which made us feel great. The time
for going down to the line was changed again to 9:30. We had a little excitement going getting to our
work but when we got there we never had a shell come near us and still Fritzy had all his balloons up.
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Everything was very sloppy this morning as it rained all night and drizzled a little all day. Expect to leave
Ypres on the 13th.
Parade was called at 5:30 AM. We expected that we were not to go far this morning – about a kilometer
– but we went farther than we ever went before, at least six miles. We were good and sore. We had just
got started at our work when Fritzy started shelling very close to us. This being our last day here in
Ypres we worked hard and got there in record time. Just before we were leaving one of the men found a
jar of rum, all of us partaking in it.
I was never so glad in my life when we were given orders to pack up as we are to move back to
civilization. We left Ypres at 11:00 AM arriving at a camp a few kilometers away. We went to a town
named Poperinge about 8 km away. It is a very big town but the Belgium people are far from the being
obliging. Most of these people spoke fairly good English. Their language was very much like the
Germans. The Huns bombed this town very frequently. Got to billets at 9:30. We are scheduled to move
out in the morning.
Parade was called at 9:00 AM. We had to march about 3 kilometers where we go to the transports. We
passed through many towns and cities some being very beautiful and not damaged at all. A great
difference could be noticed of the two countries. France being far higher and dryer than Belgium. We
stopped a few kilometers from a town called Meraville but we were not allowed to leave our billets. We
were billeted in a stable at the rear of an estaminet so we were able to have a few refreshments which
sure enlightened us after the hard gruel at Ypres.
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Had to pack up again and be ready at 9:00 AM. Did not need to walk far to the lorries this time but were
packed in like sardines. We finally got to our destination just 2 km from Bethune. This city is out of
bounds but I managed to get in and had an elegant time as it is a beautiful city. Was able to have a meal
of beef steak and chips. They have beautiful estaminets and a red light district which surprised me. Got
back in billets in good time as no one was the wiser. I had about the best time ever since coming to
France. Made a good bed and slept well.
Packed up again and marched off at 9:00 AM. This time we take no trucks but have to walk. I felt pretty
good so I did not feel much fatigued. We had dinner on a vacant field just outside of Noeux les Mines.
Arrived at Labourse where we were billeted in a private house where we were able to buy eggs and
chips. Went to the town of Sains-en-Gohelle only 1 kilometre away where a YMCA held a band concert
assembled by the 14th R.M.R. battalion. I enjoyed it immensely. It certainly feels good to be out of Ypres.
Once again we have orders to pack up which I hope will be the last time for a while at least as it sure is
tiresome moving. We are to get the same billets as we had before leaving for Ypres. It is rumored that
we stay there only about 10 days then we go for a rest which we need badly. We got to Givenchy at 4:00
PM. I was able to get the same bed as I had before so I am able to make myself very comfortable. I am
very hungry but I understand we are not to get anything to eat so I am going to sleep as to not suffer
hunger.
Got up early to have a general clean up as I have not had a decent one for five weeks. I washed all my
socks and handkerchiefs and towels. Received a letter from Violet and a bunch of Tribunes so I have all
material to read so I went to bed again as we were not to go out today. Had gas drill at 2:00 PM which
lasted only 15 minutes. This front is sure heaven to what Ypres is. There is hardly a shot heard here and
no Fritzy bombing raids. The grub is very scanty as we are fed by platoon in a priority system.
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Woke up after a perfect sleep expecting to be warned for some kind of duty but to my joy we have
heard nothing so far and it is noon. I found a meat mincer so I set out to pick turnips and managed to
get an onion and a can of bully beef and made a swell meal. Had cocoa so it made the best meal I have
had for some time. Received some Tribunes but no letters or parcels which makes me disappointed as
there was a big Canadian mail. We had a good supper and was told that we would not be called for
work until 9:30 AM tomorrow morning.
Got up at 6 AM feeling fine and had a fairly good breakfast. We fell in at 9:30 but the parade was
postponed until 1:30 PM. Started off at 2:00 PM taking 1 hour and 20 minutes to get to our work which
was making drains under trench mats and clearing the parapet. Very few shells could be heard and
those that did come were a considerable distance away. Got back to billets at 7:30 PM. Got rum issue
then supper. Read awhile and then went to sleep.
Wrote home. Got up feeling fine and after getting a good breakfast I had a good clean up. It sure feels
great to be in a position to be able to wash each morning. Parade was called for 12:30 but postponed
till 2:00 PM at which time we started getting there. As we are to work on the parapets we have to wait
till dark as Fritzy has good observation around this part. Got home 6:30 and had a good rum issue and
then supper. Then went to bed feeling jake reading the Saturday Post till 10:00 PM.
Woke up early feeling fine and to my great joy we were told to fall in for bath parade. Had a long walk
to the baths but it sure was worth it as we got a good change of underwear. When I got back we were
ordered to pack up at once as our platoon is to move to Lievin where A Company is. We were
disappointed but after we arrived there we found the change to be to our advantage. We managed to
get a very good cellar and a spring bed to sleep in so I expect to put in the best night in France.
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I sure slept well on the springs. I slept in almost losing breakfast so I can safely say it was the best night I
put in in France. I salvaged a good stove and arranged things generally comfortable. Parade was called
at 1:30 PM. Had a very short walk to work, less than 1 km and very little to do. The weather being
sublime makes one feel human once more. There is great aerial activity just at present as our machine
brought a Fritzy down just now. I heard gratifying news that the allies made a drive of 5 miles deep on
the front and still going.
Woke up with another beautiful day in sight. Parade was called for 9:00 AM. We took the wrong trench
and went almost to the front line. We would have gone farther only for a sentry which stopped us. We
walked for over an hour and the place we were to work was only a five minute walk from billets. We
had a hard task fixing up an old trench, the mud being very sticky and hard to handle. We had to re-dig
twice as it would cave in. We were to work 5 hours but was called in for payday but somehow we did
not get paid. Had a good supper and went to bed.
Woke up at the usual time and left for Crocodile Trench at 9:30. Had a long ways to go up to Alarm
Trench but was put on an easy job repairing trench mats getting through at 12:30 so we just waited for
the rest of the platoon. Just before starting off for home the most wicked storm arose that I have seen
for a long time but it did not last long. Got back to billets just in time to get paid 75 francs. Went to the
YMCA and bought all kinds of eats. Played a little poker in the evening. Made coffee before retiring.
Woke up in good time but to my joy it is our section’s turn to rest so I got permission to go to town. We
went to Sains-en-Gohelle and Bully. Spent most of my money buying presents and also had a very good
time. Went to the paymaster after locating the office which took 3 hours and remitted £3 which I
expect to get by Christmas. Went to estaminet where there was dancing and all kinds of music and so
when it started to rain we decided to stay there overnight in spite of the consequences.
93
We were able to get a bed at the house of a French woman. We drank a bottle of champagne and then
proceeded to Bully where we drank lavishly of different French wines. Went to a French barber and had
a painful shave. Then we had a glorious feed of eggs and chips and then went to estaminet until 8:00
PM when we proceeded back to billets. I arrived there about 10:00 PM.
Went out on working party as usual 9:30 AM. I sure felt pretty tough so I did not work hard although
the officer was nagging at me all the time. We got back to billets at 2:15 PM. I had no sooner got down
in my billets when I was ordered to get my haversack ready to proceed to Givenchy to go before the
Major for being absent yesterday. Five others went with us, all of us were remanded to appear before
the O.C. so when we got back to billets we were put under close arrest. I had to move to another
dugout where mumps had been. I was wishing to goodness I would catch them. A guard of 3 men was
put over us.
Went to work as usual this morning at 9:00 AM. Had an easy job repairing trench mats. Got back at the
usual time. We were shot down in the dugout. We expected to be tried by the O.C. but we were not.
Got a splendid parcel from Gudrun Davidson.
This is the day that our platoon does not go out but as I am a prisoner I had to go out as usual. Did very
little work in the trenches, just fussed around to waste time. Got back to billets at 2:30 PM. I am
expecting the O.C. any time now to try us but he never came so we are still wondering whether we will
be shot at sunrise. I have not been able to sleep these last 3 nights as there is a big gun blazing away all
night.
94
December
“I wish him the best of good luck.”
Saturday, December 1, 1917
Had a fairly good sleep as I got to sleep before the gun began to fire away. We were ordered to stay in
from working party as we are to be tried today. We all shave and polish up so we look nice before the
new O.C. At 3:00 I was ordered to pack all my belongings as I am to go to Headquarters. Three of us got
14 days, I got 21 days and the other got 28 days. They are all to be sent to Headquarters in the morning
so I was told to accompany them. I think my transfer to the CADC has gone through.
Sunday, December 2, 1917
Had a good night’s rest. Packed up once more and we started off at 10:00 AM for HQ. It was a long
march with heavy packs. We arrived there just in time for dinner which was very good, far better than
we would have got at our company. We were searched and put in the clink. Was put to work in the
afternoon which was easy. Had a good supper so I think it pays to be put in the clink.
Monday, December 3, 1917
I was paraded to the Adj. last night at 9:00 PM and was told that I was to be ready first thing in the
morning. He told me I was to go to the CADC on trial, my sentence is to be suspended for two weeks. If I
fail to make good I would be taken back to the 107th to serve my time out. I started off to the CADC and
arrived at 12 where I had a real good meal. The major here said I would serve my time here which is
easy. Started right into work setting up teeth and made good.
Tuesday, December 4, 1917
I spent a very cold night in spite of the good bed and many blankets. It was an exceptionally cold night.
Had a good breakfast and started to work about 9:00 AM. I worked real hard repairing 19 plates and set
95
up two. The boys here are very good to me, they cannot do too much for me. The major seems nice
asking me once in a while how I like it. I have good hopes of staying here.
Wednesday, December 5, 1917
Spent another cold night as we are getting real winter weather at present and the stove we got is very
small for the size of the place. I am made to understand that the CADC has just recently been
recognized out here in France. The lieutenant colonel from England was here stock taking and proposed
many improvements. No sergeants have been created or transfers granted to this lab until a few days
ago when the CADC was formed over here. I have good prospects of becoming a sergeant.
Thursday, December 6, 1917
Managed to get a few more bed clothes so I slept pretty warm. Had a good breakfast as usual. I made
little progress today on repair as they were of a hard variety. The men here are very good to me
especially Mr. Johnson the headman of the laboratory. They give me a drink of different kinds quite
frequently so I feel good and happy.
Friday, December 7, 1917
Woke up feeling fine and had a good wash and a shave and a splendid breakfast so I started work feeling
like a new man. The ground looks just like a frosty morning in Manitoba it being white with frost but
toward noon it got a lot warmer. Had a fairly busy day. I wrote some letters in the evening, boiled my
underwear and had a bath. So I am going to bed in the pink of condition.
Tuesday, December 11, 1917
Had a very good sleep in spite of the very cold weather. It is a nice bright day getting a little warmer
towards noon. I voted today for Alexander McGregor of Pictou Nova Scotia. He is for of the Union
Government. All of us voted likewise as Major Nealy asked us to. Have been eating candy and nuts all
96
day. We also were given a good drink of Scotch from the Major. Had a good supper and then played
poker.
Wednesday, December 12, 1917
Spent a very good night as I was able to keep the fire going all night. Fritzy must have been over early
this morning as I could hear the machine guns and the anti-aircraft pumping away. Worked very hard
today as there was a record number of repairs came in. Had a very pleasant game of poker and won a
little. I also had a good drink of champagne. Fritzy bombed very near as dishes fell in the kitchen.
Thursday, December 13, 1917
Woke up feeling fine. The weather is pretty cold. I got to work at about 9:00 AM and worked hard but
accomplished very little. Aeroplanes just skim the roof here quite often. Fritzy bombed a neighboring
town 3 kilometers away so much that the civilians are moving out today. Two fellows here in the lab
had a fight knocking things over for a while.
Friday, December 14, 1917
Had a very good sleep and a good breakfast, better than ever as our cook got a new stove yesterday
which he needed badly. I worked fairly hard both at repairs and new plates. It is getting very windy and
cold out. Too windy for Fritzy to come over which is a good thing. Went to bed early and read about
poisoning muscles.
Woke up feeling fine. Had a good breakfast and then went to work and worked rather hard to make up
for tomorrow as we have a half holiday Sundays. Was paraded before our major and complemented on
my good work. My behavior has also been good. He is in doubt yet but all probability is I will get my
transfer. I am to get a pass for Givenchy to see the battalion. I am now a free man once more so it feels
pretty good. Fritzy did not bother us this night.
97
Sunday, December 16, 1917
Got up rather cold, had breakfast early and got to work. Worked to beat the band and got finished at
12:00. I polished all up to look good when visiting my battalion. Got a ride on the light railroad but it
did not help much. I never arrived there till dark. The boys were glad to see me and some grateful
about my good luck. To my disappointment John was not in camp. Got home pretty late.
Monday, December 17, 1917
This morning looked like real Manitoba weather with about 3 inches of snow on the ground so we all felt
pretty cold this morning. They said nothing about me being late on account of the snow. Received a
letter from mother with $3.00, a letter from Mrs. Christie and a parcel from Old Community and a parcel
from the Lutheran church and Mrs. Johansson.
Woke up feeling pretty good. We have very little to do. We are straightening things up some. We
found an old gramophone which I spent all afternoon fixing so now we have music galore. I got new
underwear and a whole new outfit so will look nice and clean tomorrow. Had a bath in a wash basin.
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Later Entries and Notes
March 23, 1918. Met Sam in Glasgow. He is one of the very best. I wish him the best of good luck.
March 27, 1918. Hilda Witcomb, 40 Cromwell Street, Glasgow
***
Mademoiselle Mearie Octoi
Lapugnoy
Pas de Calais
XXXXXXX
Nellee Yvonne Boulanger
Poste Restante
34 Avenue Marceau
Paris
Ivan Johnston
121 Bishop Street
Room 110
Montreal
99
Epilogue
Winnipeg Tribune December 20, 1939
100

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1917

The World War 1 Diary

Canadian National Vimy Memorial

Randall Kinley March 27, 2018

Thursday, January 18, 1917

Friday, January 19, 1917

Saturday, January 20, 1917

Sunday, January 21, 1917

Monday, January 22, 1917

Tuesday, January 23, 1917

Wednesday, January 24, 1917

Thursday, January 25, 1917

Friday, January 26, 1917

Saturday, January 27, 1917

Sunday, January 28, 1917

Tuesday, January 30, 1917

Wednesday, January 31, 1917

Thursday, February 1, 1917

Friday, February 2, 1917

Saturday, February 3, 1917

Sunday, February 4, 1917

Monday, February 5, 1917

Tuesday, February 6, 1917

Wednesday, February 7, 1917

Thursday, February 8, 1917

Friday, February 9, 1917

Saturday, February 10, 1917

Sunday, February 11, 1917

Monday, February 12, 1917

Wednesday, February 14, 1917

Thursday, February 15, 1917

Friday, February 16, 1917

Saturday, February 17, 1917

Monday, February 19, 1917

Tuesday, February 20, 1917

Wednesday, February 21, 1917

Thursday, February 22, 1917

Friday, February 23, 1917

Saturday, February 24, 1917

Sunday, February 25, 1917

Monday, February 26, 1917

Tuesday, February 27, 1917

Wednesday, February 28, 1917

Thursday, March 1, 1917

Friday, March 2, 1917

Saturday, March 3, 1917

Sunday, March 4, 1917

Monday, March 5, 1917

Tuesday, March 6, 1917

Wednesday, March 7, 1917

Thursday, March 8, 1917

Friday, March 9, 1917

The same weather and drills as yesterday.

Saturday, March 10, 1917

Sunday, March 11, 1917

Tuesday, March 13, 1917

Same program as yesterday.

Wednesday, March 14, 1917

Same as yesterday. Received a letter from Herman.

Thursday, March 15, 1917

Drilled all day and wrote home in the evening.

Friday, March 16, 1917

Saturday, March 17, 1917

Sunday, March 18, 1917