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Questions & Answers On Measurement of Resistance
Questions & Answers On Measurement of Resistance
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Answer: a
Explanation: A bridge circuit is basically used for the
measurement of basic electronic components such as
resistance, capacitance and inductance.
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b) 2 resistance arms
c) 4 resistance arms
d) 6 resistance arms
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: A simple bridge circuit is made of a network
consisting of 4 resistance arms. Usually a galvanometer is
connected between the ends of the opposite two junctions
in order to measure the flow of current.
Answer: b
Explanation: A current source is connected between the
two opposite junctions of a bridge circuit. Deflection of the
galvanometer in the circuit indicates the flow of current.
Answer: d
Explanation: A bridge circuit makes use of comparison
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Answer: a
Explanation: A bridge circuit operates on the principle of null
indication. Based on the deflection of the galvanometer,
current flows between the two opposite junctions.
Answer: b
Explanation: As a bridge circuit compares the value of an
unknown component with the value of a standard, it’s
accuracy depends on the bridge components.
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Answer: c
Explanation: The bridge circuit is said to be balanced when
no current flows through the null indicator which is generally
a galvanometer.
Answer: d
Explanation: During balance condition or equilibrium there
exists a certain relationship between the component values
of the four arms of the bridge. This relationship is known as
the balancing condition or balancing equation.
Answer: a
Explanation: Resistance measurements are done by
making use of a suitable D.C. bridge.
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Answer: b
Explanation: Impedance values are used to characterize
one port devices, networks, multiport devices and other
systems.
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Answer: b
Explanation: The input voltage does not appear in the
expression for the balance equation. Thus balance equation
is independent of the magnitude of input voltage.
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c) voltage source
d) current source
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The accuracy of measurement of a bridge
circuit depends on the values of the components used in it.
Voltage source supplies dc bias to the circuit while the
detector is used for balance condition.
Answer: c
Explanation: The balance condition is independent of the
positions of the source and the detector. Source and
detector can be connected across any two sets of opposite
arms of the bridge.
Answer: d
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Answer: a
Explanation: The measurement is done by comparing the
unknown value with a standard known value. Thus the
measurement accuracy is high in a bridge circuit.
Answer: c
Explanation: The bridge circuit is generally used in control
applications. Control systems make use of bridge circuits
for industrial applications.
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Answer: d
Explanation: Wheatstone and Kelvin are the commonly
used bridges for the measurement of resistance. Wagner’s
and De Sauty’s bridges are used for shielding the circuit.
Answer: b
Explanation: One of the arms of a bridge circuit in general
consists of a resistive element. Control systems employ
resistive elements for industrial applications.
Answer: c
Explanation: In control applications, when one of the arms
of the bridge circuit consists of a resistance element,
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Answer: a
Explanation: A Wheatstone bridge essentially consists of 4
resistive arms. The arms are such that two resistances
appear across each end.
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View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: A galvanometer is used as a null detector to
detect the flow of current across the ends of the two
opposite junctions of the circuit. Voltage source is used for
providing the required dc supply to the bridge.
Answer: b
Explanation: The two opposite ends of a Wheatstone bridge
circuit consists of a source of e.m.f and a null detector. Four
arms of a Wheatstone bridge consist of resistances.
Inductance and capacitance do not appear in a Wheatstone
bridge.
Answer: d
Explanation: The arms consisting of the two resistances R1
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Answer: a
Explanation: The arm consisting of the standard known
resistance R3 is known as the standard arm. By making use
of this resistance value the unknown resistance can be
determined using the balance condition.
Answer: b
Explanation: R4 is the unknown resistance whose value has
to be found by comparison with a standard. R3 is known as
the standard resistance. Resistance arm comprises of four
resistances including R1, R2, R3, and R4.
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Wheatstone bridge?
a) current and voltage source
b) ammeter and voltmeter
c) battery and galvanometer
d) ohmmeter and wattmeter
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: A battery is connected between the two ends
of the Wheatstone bridge while a galvanometer is
connected between the opposite two ends of the circuit.
Ammeter is connected in series with the circuit.
Answer: d
Explanation: The Wheatstone bridge works on the principle
of null deflection. A galvanometer is usually used for
measuring the flow of current in the bridge circuit.
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Answer: a
Explanation: The ratio of the arms R1 and R2 determines
the balance condition of a Wheatstone bridge. The balance
condition is given by the equation R4 = R3R1⁄R2.
Answer: b
Explanation: The balance condition in a Wheatstone bridge
can be obtained by varying the resistances R1 and R2. Null
detector is used for determining balance condition.
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Answer: a
Explanation: Under bridge balance condition, no current
flows through the galvanometer. Current flow is
independent of the values of ratio arms R1 and R2.
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Answer: b
Explanation: The amount of deflection of the galvanometer
depends upon its sensitivity. Resistance of the ratio arms
does not affect the amount of deflection of the
galvanometer.
Answer: c Explanation:
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Answer: a Explanation:
Answer: b Explanation:
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Answer: c Explanation:
View Answer
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Electrical Measurements
Assessment Questions -
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by Manish
4-5 minutes
Answer: a
Explanation: A Wheatstone bridge is used for the
measurement of medium resistance in the range of 1ῼ to a
few megaohms. Kelvin bridge is used for the measurement
of low resistance.
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Answer: c
Explanation: The main source of error in a Wheatstone
bridge is because of the limiting errors of the three known
resistances. As a result very precise resistances are
required with 1 % tolerance.
Answer: b
Explanation: Resistance of contact wires and power
dissipation are some of the causes for error in a null
detector. But insufficient sensitivity is the major source of
error in a null detector such as a galvanometer.
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Answer: d
Explanation: Current flow through the resistances causes
power dissipation i.e. I2R leading to an increase in the
temperature. As the bridge consists of pure resistances,
there is no back e.m.f induced.
Answer: a
Explanation: Temperature affects resistance of the circuit.
Resistance has a positive temperature coefficient and
increases linearly with rise in temperature.
Answer: b
Explanation: Heating effect can be eliminated by limiting the
current through the circuit to a safe value and by calculating
the power dissipation in the arms. Heat sinks are typically
used in power electronic applications.
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Answer: c
Explanation: Voltage drop across the circuit along with
power dissipation lead to errors in the measurement of low
resistances. The resistance of leads and contacts of the
external circuit adds to the values in the circuit. This is the
main source of error while measuring low resistances.
Answer: d
Explanation: When dissimilar metals come into contact with
each other in a galvanometer circuit, thermal emf is
generated. Null detector is used for detecting the balance
condition.
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Answer: a
Explanation: Thermal emf can be eliminated by making use
of sensitive galvanometers consisting of copper coils and
copper suspension systems. Dissimilar metals can’t be
physically separated.
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Answer: b
Explanation: The Wheatstone bridge is a d.c. bridge that is
used for the measurement of medium resistance. Schering
bridge is used for measurement of high voltages. AC
bridges comprise of Anderson bridge, Maxwell Bridge etc.
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Answer: a
Explanation: Wheatstone bridge is the simplest form of
bridge circuit. It is basically used for the measurement of
medium resistances in the range of 1Ω to a few megaohms.
Answer: c
Explanation: Wheatstone bridge is used to measure the d.c.
resistance of various types of wires for controlling the
quality of the wires. Voltage source maintains a constant
e.m.f in the bridge circuit.
Answer: d
Explanation: Cable faults in telephones can be located by
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Answer: a
Explanation: In a telephone line, line to line and line to
ground faults occur. Symmetrical, unsymmetrical, open
circuit, short circuit, triple line to line and line to ground
faults occur in power systems.
Answer: b
Explanation: A Wheatstone bridge can be used for the
measurement of physical parameters such as temperature,
strain, light, etc by making use of an operational amplifier.
Rectifier circuits are used for conversion of ac to dc.
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Answer: d
Explanation: In its simplest form a Whetstone bridge
consists of resistive arms. A Wheatstone bridge is used for
the measurement of quantities such as capacitance,
inductance and impedance by making use of the variations.
Answer: c
Explanation: Wheatstone bridge consists of simple
resistances in the ratio arms. One of the simplest
applications of a Wheatstone bridge is the measurement of
light by making use of a photoresistive device.
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Answer: a
Explanation: By making use of more than one resistive
sensor within the four arms of a Wheatstone bridge we get
a full bridge, half bridge or a quarter bridge setup with
automatic balancing effect.
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Answer: a
Explanation: Wheatstone bridge can be used for the
measurement of medium resistances only. Kelvin bridge is
used for the measurement of medium resistances.
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View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: As the resistance must have a tolerance of
upto 1%, cost of maintenance of the Wheatstone bridge
circuit is expensive. Voltage source does not add to the
cost of maintenance of a Wheatstone bridge as it is uniform
for all bridge circuits.
Answer: c
Explanation: If the Wheatstone bridge is used for the
measurement of high resistance, the galvanometer
becomes insensitive and does not detect any imbalance.
Answer: d
Explanation: As the current flowing through the Wheatstone
bridge circuit increases, the temperature of the resistance
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Answer: b
Explanation: A Wheatstone bridge is not susceptible to the
flow of high dc current. A Wheatstone bridge in simplest
form is used for the measurement of resistance with values
in the medium resistance range.
Answer: a
Explanation: A Wheatstone bridge circuit may give
inaccurate measurement of resistance if it is not balanced
properly. Current flow through a Wheatstone bridge circuit
is fixed as the e.m.f source magnitude is constant.
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Answer: c
Explanation: The lead wires connecting the resistance arms
of a Wheatstone bridge add to the existing values of
resistances across the ratio arms. As a result the net value
of resistance changes, thus destabilizing the system.
Answer: d
Explanation: Lead wires add to the resistance of the arms
of the Wheatstone bridge. As a result the bridge circuit is
destabilized and can’t be be used for signal conditioning.
Answer: b
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Answer: a
Explanation: Low resistance refers to resistances of the
order of 1ῼ or less than that. Medium resistances range
from above 1ῼ to a few kῼ. Any resistance value greater
than a few kῼ is known as a high resistance.
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Answer: b
Explanation: When measuring low resistances of the order
of 1 ῼ or even less, lead and contact resistances of the
order of even 0.002 ῼ cannot be neglected. High currents
flow through low resistance circuits.
Answer: c
Explanation: Fig 15.1, illustrates the construction of low
resistance. A is an ammeter used to measure current
through the circuit, while V is the voltmeter used to measure
voltage.
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to lead resistance?
a) it contains contact resistance
b) it depends on the magnitude of voltage drop
c) it depends on the type of null detector used
d) It does not contain any contact resistance
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The voltage drop measured across a low
resistance does not contain any contact and lead
resistances of the components and is independent of it.
Answer: a
Explanation: As the current flowing through a low resistance
circuit is low, the voltage drop across the terminals due to
contact and lead resistances is negligible. Thermal e.m.f
occurs in a circuit when its temperature increases due to
high current flow.
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Answer: c
Explanation: Kelvin’s double bridge is used for the
measurement of low resistances of the order of 1ῼ or less.
Ammeter voltmeter method is used for the measurement of
current flowing through and the voltage across the circuit.
Answer: b
Explanation: The contact and lead resistances form a part
of the circuit whose resistance is very high. As a result the
contact and lead resistances are usually neglected
compared to the high resistance value.
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Answer: d
Explanation: The terminals aa’ are used for the
measurement of the voltage drop across the resistance R.
An voltmeter V is connected across the terminals aa’.
a) I = IV + Ir
b) I = IV – Ir
c) I = IV Ir
d) I = IV ⁄ Ir
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: By applying Kirchhoff’s current law at the node
N from fig we get,
I = IV + I r
where,
I is the total series current flowing through the circuit
Iv is the current flowing through the voltmeter
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Answer: a
Explanation: Kelvin’s bridge consists of two additional arms
compared to a Wheatstone bridge. Hence it is also known
as a double bridge.
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c) 0.01Ω to 10 MΩ
d) 0.1Ω to 10 nΩ
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Kelvin bridge is used for the measurement of
low resistances. Low resistances vary in the range of 1Ω to
10 µΩ.
Answer: c
Explanation: As Kelvin bridge is used for the measurement
of low resistance values, the accuracy of measurement of
low resistances in a Kelvin bridge is of the order of ±0.05 to
±0.2 %.
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The balance equation in a Kelvin bridge is
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Answer: a
Explanation: Effect of contact and lead resistances are
completely eliminated in a Kelvin bridge as they don’t
appear in the balance equation. Hence the Kelvin bridge is
independent of the load and contact resistances.
Answer: b
Explanation: The relation between the ratio of the
resistances of resistance arm and second resistance arm is
equal for balance condition.
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Answer: c
Explanation: While measuring very low resistances the
contact and lead resistances cause significant errors in the
value of the measured resistance. As a result Kelvin bridge
is used for measurement of low resistances.
Answer: d
Explanation: The condition to achieve a high sensitivity in a
Kelvin bridge is that the measuring current should be high
enough so as to sensitize the null detector.
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View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In its basic form a Kelvin bridge is used for the
measurement of low resistance. A Kelvin bridge can be
used for the measurement of inductance and Quality factor
value through calibration.
Answer: b
Explanation: A Kelvin bridge can be used for the
measurement of high Quality factor values. Due to bridge
imbalance problem, Kelvin bridge can’t be used for
measuring low Quality factor values.
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Answer: a
Explanation: Resistances of the order of 0.1 Mῼ and above
are known as high resistances. Resistance values upto 1 ῼ
are known as low resistances. Resistances upto a few kῼ
are known as medium resistances.
2. Megger is a ________
a) source of e.m.f
b) source to measure high resistance
c) type of a null detector
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d) current carrier
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Megger is a portable instrument to measure
high resistances.
Answer: c
Explanation: A null detector is used to balance the bridge.
Additional e.m.f can be provided to a circuit by increasing
the magnitude of the voltage source. Megger is used for
testing the insulation resistance of cables.
Answer: d
Explanation: Ohm’s law is applicable to only purely resistive
circuits which are based on linearity principle. Megger
basically works on the principle of electromagnetic
induction.
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Answer: a
Explanation: Voltage can be provided by means of an e.m.f
source. Power generation occurs when current flows
through a circuit. Permanent magnet in a megger is used to
provide field for the generator as well as the ohmmeter.
Answer: b
Explanation: Temperature rise can be prevented by
reducing the flow of excessive current through the circuit.
The role of a guard ring in a megger is to reduce the errors
due to leakage current.
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View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Megger works on the principle of
electromagnetic induction. Supply can be given through a
dc motor. A permanent magnet dc motor driven by hand is
used as a source of supply to the megger.
Answer: c
Explanation: The moving element of an ohmmeter in a
megger consists of three coils, namely current or deflection
coil, pressure or control coil and compensating coil.
Answer: d
Explanation: Temperature is controlled by minimising the
flow of current through the circuit. Better scaling proportions
can be achieved in a megger by making use of a
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compensating coil.
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Answer: a
Explanation: Current flow through the circuit depends on
the magnitude of the e.m.f source. In order to indicate the
resistance value indicated by the pointer, the scale of a
megger is calibrated.
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inductance
b) devices such as motor, cable, etc
c) solid state devices
d) liquid crystal devices
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Solid state devices consist of power electronic
components and drives. One of the applications of a
Megger circuit is in verifying the electrical insulation levels
of devices such as motor, cable, generator, etc.
Answer: c
Explanation: A galvanometer is used for detecting the
balance condition in a bridge circuit. An ammeter measures
the current flow through the circuit while the voltmeter is
used for determining the voltage across the bridge circuit. A
megger circuit can be used to determine the continuity
between any two points.
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Answer: d
Explanation: Voltage drop across the circuit is measured by
using a voltmeter. When the pointer displays full deflection,
then there is an electrical continuity between the two points.
Answer: a
Explanation: A galvanometer is used to detect the balance
condition. A multimeter can be used for measurement of
voltage, current, resistance and power. A megger is also
known as a megaohmmeter as it is used for the
measurement of resistances in the order of Mῼ.
Answer: b
Explanation: Current flow through a circuit depends on the
magnitude of the voltage source. Magnitude of the voltage
source can be increased. A megger is mainly used for
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Answer: c
Explanation: Temperature protection can be provided to a
bridge circuit by making use of heat sinks. Megger is used
for determining very high resistances between the
conducting part of a circuit and ground.
Answer: d
Explanation: The scale in a megger is calibrated such that
normal position of a pointer indicates infinity while full scale
corresponds to zero resistance.
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1. What is earthing?
a) connecting electrical machines to earth
b) providing a connection to the ground
c) connecting the electrical machines to source
d) providing a source of current
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Connecting electrical machines to the general
mass of the earth by making use of a conducting material
with very low resistance is known as earthing.
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View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Electrode connected to the main is basically a
source of e.m.f. Conducting material that is used for
connecting electrical machinery to the earth is known as an
earth electrode.
Answer: c
Explanation: In the case of occurrence of any leakage
currents due to poor shielding of the apparatus, the earth
electrode is used to provide a very low resistance path from
the electrical appliances to the earth.
Answer: d
Explanation: The resistance of the earth electrode is
measured in order to check whether it is in a good condition
or not.
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Answer: a
Explanation: Earthing can be used to maintain a constant
line voltage in a three phase system. This is achieved by
earthing the neutral.
Answer: a
Explanation: The complications involved in laying separate
telephone cables and the cast used for traction work is
minimised. As a result earthing is used as a return
conductor in telephone lines and for traction work.
Answer: b
Explanation: Spike voltages occurring as a result of
lightning or any other fault can be dissipated to ground by
earthing, thus protecting the equipment.
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Answer: c
Explanation: After earthing, the various parts of electrical
machinery such as casing, armouring of cables, etc are at
zero potential.
Answer: d
Explanation: Once an electrical apparatus is grounded,
most of its components are at ground potential. When the
different parts of an electrical machinery are connected to
ground, they possess very low resistance.
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Answer: a
Explanation: Specific resistance depends on the nature and
properties of a material. Specific resistance is different for
various types of soils such as dry soil, rocky soil, wet soil,
etc.
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