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Research Definition: Martyn Shuttleworth
Research Definition: Martyn Shuttleworth
Research Definition: Martyn Shuttleworth
OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH
APPLIED RESEARCH
To gain familiarity with a
- Seeks to solve problems in a
phenomenon or to achieve new
practitioners level
- Aims to develop solutions and 2. What are the current topucs in my
recommendations that can be used field of specialization?
to improve practices 3. Are the topics connected to my
- Done to get answers for the current field?
problems
- Seeks to solve practical problems
SOURCES OF TOPIC
1. Periodicals
ENGINEERING RESEARCH
2. Research Summaries
- Concerned with the discovery and 3. Everyday Situation
systematic conceptual structuring of 4. Archive Data
knowledge 5. Secondary Data Analysis
- Concerned not only with knowledge
of natural phenomena, but also with
DETERMINING TOPIC RELEVANCE
how knowledge can serve
humankind’s needs and wants 1. Is the topic too broad?
- Was intended to confront a student 2. Can the problem be really
for the first time, with a complex investigated?
problem that was not well specified, 3. Are these data susceptible to
would need defining, and would analysis?
require synthesis of should signify 4. Is the problem significant?
the student’s knowledge for its 5. Can he results of the study be
solution. generalized?
6. What costs and time are involved in
the analysis?
FOCUS OF ENGINEERING RESEARCH
7. Is the planned approach appropriate
Products and Services t the project?
- Design 8. Is there any potential harm to the
- Development subject?
- Operational Support
- Maintenance
SUBTOPICS OF CHAPTER 1
Variables A. Introduction
- Cost - Not a title of research
- User compatibility - Should not only signify the
- Producibility importance of the topic but
- Safety also cause an impact on the
- Adaptability to various reader
external operating conditions B. Theoretical Framework
and environments - Basis of research problem
- Serves as inductive approach
SELECTING A TOPIC
towards the statement of the
1. What do you want to know? problem
- Explains the phenomena
upon which the thesis 3. Situation – Reading
investigation hopes to fill the - Questions that involved the
vacuum in the stream of results of the manipulation of
knowledge the variables on the other
- Organized, logical, and
coherent upon which 4. Situation – Producing
problems of the study are - Question establishes explicit
based goals or actions
- Perceives what is the study - Require development of
about plans under which the goals
may be achieved
Theoretical – based on actual theory
VARIABLES
DEPENDENT VARIABLE
- Quantity or characteristic that has - Response variable
two or more mutually exclusive - To determine the effect of the
values or properties of objects or Independent variable
people that can be classified, - Called effect, results criterion
measured or labeled in different in the study
ways
MODERATE VARIABLE
- Secondary or special type of
CHARACTERISTICS
independent variable chosen
- Observable characteristics of a by the researcher to ascertain
person or objects if it alters or modifies the
- Capable of assuming several values relationship bet independent
representing a certain category and dependent variable
- These are raw data or figures
gathered by the researchers CONTROL VARIABLE
- Values that may arise from counting - Variable controlled by the
- Predicted values of one variable on researcher in which the
the basis of another effects can be neutralized by
eliminating or removing
variable
INTERVENING VARIABLE 3. INTERVAL MEASUREMENT
- Variable which interferes - Distinguishes the ordered
with the independent and arrangement in units of equal
dependent variable intervals.
4. RATIO MEASUREMENT
DETERMINING VARIABLES
- Refers to a variable where
1. Look for the cause and effects equality of ratio or
2. Analyze the elations of one proportion has meaning.
observation with another
observation
CLASSIFICATION OF VARIABLES
3. Describe the characteristics that are
not the same from all situations 1. QUANTITATIVE DATA
- Data that are obtained from
ordinal, interval or ratio
MEASUREMENT OF VARIABLES measurements indicating
1. NOMINAL MEASUREMENT how much of a variable
- Classification of the exists
measured variables into - Also refers to the numerical
different categories information gathered about
the sample
REAL NOMINAL
MEASUREMENT 2. QUALITATIVE DATA
- Classified based on a - Data obtained from nominal
naturally occurring attribute measurement, indicating that
like nationality, gender or variables differ in quality
ethnic origin
POPULATION
RESEARCH METHODS IN 3 GROUPS - entire set of people, things,
events or groups that is of
1. FIRST GROUP – includes methods interest to the researcher
which are concerned with the
collection of data SAMPLING FRAME
- List of elements in the
2. SECOND GROUP – consists of population
those statistical techniques which are
used for establishing relationships SAMPLE
between the data and the unknowns - Subset of the population
SAMPLING UNITS include members of different
- Elements of population that are groups
chosen to be included in the
sample c) MULTISTAGE SAMPLING
- Used when there is no list of
PARAMETER every element in the population
- Number that describes some available
attribute of the elements of - Used when a list of clusters or
population geographic areas is available,
but researcher lacks access to
STATISTIC lists of elements within clusters
- Number that describes some or areas.
attribute of the elements of the - A version of cluster sampling is
sample area sampling
1 PROBABILITY SAMPLING