Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Korean Complete Grammar
Korean Complete Grammar
Korean Complete Grammar
a. V. + ㄴ/은/는 셈이다
3.
-ㄴ/은/는 셈이다 indicates a calculated result and is a colloquial expression. -ㄹ/을 셈이다 indicates an intention or
a plan.
(a)
비싸게 산 셈이다.
=> (It's almost as though) we paid too much.
이 아파트는 값에 비해 넓은 셈이다.
=> (I'd say) this apartment is large, considering the price.
매일 학교에 가는 셈이다.
=> It's almost as though I go to school every day.
(b)
나는 오전 중에 돌아 올 셈이었다.
=> I was planning on coming back before noon.
너 앞으로 어떻게 할 셈이야?
=> What are you planning to do from now on?
나를 바보 만들 셈이냐?
=> Are you going to make a fool of me?
NOTE
This is a common way to express the meaning of “it all depends on…” or “the most important thing
is….” When you want to emphasize the deciding factors or the most important factor in a matter,
you can use the structure -기 나름이다 (-gi nareum-ida) and this structure is often used together
기 나름이다
Formation
Verb stem + 기 나름이다
For Example:
생각하다 (saenggakhada) – “to think”
생각하 + 기 나름이다 = 생각하기 나름이다 (saenggakhagi nareum-ida) – “to depend on the way
one thinks”
생각하기 나름이에요. “It depends on the way you think about it.”
Noun + 나름이다
For Example:
사람 (saram) – “person”
사람 + 나름이다 = 사람 나름이다 (saram nareum-ida) – “to depend on the person”
그건 사람 나름이에요. “That depends on the person.”
Example Sentences
1. 모든 것은 받아들이기 나름이에요.
daedaphagi nareumieyo.
You might see a resemblance here with -에 달려 있다. Well, they are pretty
much identical in meaning. The difference is that this grammar structure can
only be used with AVST or nouns (if you remove -기). And there’s also a tiny,
tiny difference in nuance between the two but they are in almost all cases
interchangeble. The difference in nuance is hard to describe and you’ll most
likely have to read, and listen to, a lot of Korean before you can fully grasp it,
but -기 나름이다 has a stronger implication that it’s up to the subject and that
really everything in question will depend on the subject’s action. For
comparison, let’s look at an example:
생각하기에 달려 있어 – It depends on how you think/on the thinking
Usage
너에게 달려 있어.
= it’s up to you/it depends on you (notice how it’s 에게 and not 에!)
행복은 어떻게 살고 있느냐에 달려있습니다.
= happiness depends on how you live your life.
얼마나 예쁘냐에 달려 있어
= it depends on how pretty you are
You might also see -냐에 swapped out with -는가에 to form -는가에 달려 있다.
Don’t be confused! It means the same thing. 그리고! Sometimes people like to
add 따라 after 에 (…에 따라 달려있다). The meaning doesn’t change here
either.
To sum it up – a very useful grammar pattern in all situations. It’s easy to use
and makes you sound a little smarter if you use correctly. So if you run out of
things to write about in your TOPIK essay, it’s really good to have in your
arsenal of grammar.
For comparison, please check out our article on -기 나름이다.
a. 아무 N. + (이)나
b. 아무/누구/무엇/어디/언제 + (이)나
When a noun is preceded by 아무 and followed by -(이)나, it means "any," as in 아무 책이나 "any book," or 아무
지도나 "any map." When the particle -(이)나 is attached to a question word 아무, 누구, 무엇, 어디, or 언제, it
becomes like a pronoun: 아무나 "anyone," 누구나 "everyone," 무엇이나 "anything/everything," 어디나
"anyplace/anywhere," or 언제나 "any time/whenever." (For more on "any" or "every," seeL10, GN4.)
(a)
(b)
누구나 시를 쓸 수 있다.
=> Anyone can write a poem.
미국은 무엇이나 발달됐다.
=> In the United States, everything is developed
봄에는 어디나 꽃이 핀다.
=> In the spring, flowers bloom everywhere.
언제나 바다에 가면 배들을 볼 수 있다.
=> Whenever you go to the ocean, you can always see boats.
룸메이트: 나도 추석은 처음이어서 잘 모르겠어. 차례가 있다고 들었어. 그리고 근처산에 있는 할아버지
할머니 산소에도 간다고 해.
The legend tells us that what we see under the full moon
is a couple of busy rabbits. Under a cinnamon tree, they
are pounding rice in a wooden mortar to use in
preparing for Ch'usŏ k's rice cake.
(계수나무 cinnamon tree; cassia tree, 떡방아 rice-flour
mill; 떡방아 찧다 to pound rice into flour, 찧다 to pound,
토끼 rabbit)
1. a. V. + (으)므로
b. N. + (이)므로
This causal connective (으/이)므로 is rarely used colloquially. Other causal connectives, -(으)니까, -기 때문에, -
(어/아)서, and -(으)니, are used in spoken language. These causal connectives are not always interchangeable.
(a)
ADV. 꼼짝
꼼짝 is generally used with a negative―for example, 안 and 못 or with the negative ending 없다, 말다, or -지
않다. It may be used positively, however, in a question. (Certain adverbs may be used only in the negative.
See L20, GN2 for more on negative adverbs.)
꼼짝도 안 한다.
=> It does not move, even a little bit.
꼼짝 할 수 없다.
=> I am not able to move at all/even a little bit.
나는 요즘 바빠서 꼼짝도 못한다.
=> Because I am busy these days, I can't go out at all.
꼼짝 말아라!
=> Don't move!
그 차 속에서 꼼짝 할 수 있니?
=> Can you move at all in the car?
5. A.V. + ㄴ/은/는 김에
This colloquial expression is used when we say, "while we are at it, we might as well do . . . ," and use the verbal
modifier ㄴ/은 or 는, depending on the tense.
Used with descriptive verbs, this expression indicates that something is "relatively" or "kind of" 좋다 "good," 크다
"big," 많다 "many," and so on. For action verbs, it is often accompanied by an adverb or an adverbial phrase that
modifies the verb, as in 빨리 읽는 편이다 "to read kind of fast."
(a)
(b)
Example sentences)
1)
A: 왜 우리 팀이 졌는지 생각해 봐.
2)
B: 그건 공부를 하지 않은 네 탓이야.
3)
I fell in the kitchen this morning. This is all my sister’s fault. She didn’t clean
up the place after she cooked last night.
B: 얼마나 다쳤어?
1)
A: 눈 오는데 산책할래요?
No. I don’t feel like going outside because of the cold weather.
2)
A: 폰 충전하는 걸 잊어버렸다고?
A: 연락이 안 돼서 걱정했잖아.
B: 이제 안 잊어버릴게.
3)
A: 무슨 일이니? 괜찮아?
A: 저 쪽에서 좀 쉬렴.
Other uses
Example sentences)
1)
A: 왜 그렇게 화가 나 있어?
Why are you so mad?
B: 요즘 일이 잘 안 풀려. 전부 다.
A: 무슨 일이야?
Stop blaming others, and try to find out what the real reason is.
2)
What are you talking about? I told you to hit the brakes!
C: 지금 네 탓 내 탓 가릴 때가 아니잖아!
3)
B: 이런 경우에는 누구 탓을 해야 할지 모르겠어.
A: 빨리 해결 방법을 찾아 보자.