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Different Types of Sensor Used in The in
Different Types of Sensor Used in The in
Different Types of Sensor Used in The in
SENSORS USED IN
THE INDUSTRY
MEASUREMENT AND SENSOR DEVICES
-DIFFERENT TYPES OF SENSOR USED IN THE INDUSTRY-
Content
1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 3
2. PROXIMITY SENSORS .................................................................................................... 3
2.1. Mechanical Proximity Switches ............................................................................. 3
2.2. Optical Proximity Sensors ...................................................................................... 5
2.3. Ultrasonic Proximity Sensors ................................................................................. 6
2.4. Inductive and Capacitive Proximity Sensors .......................................................... 7
3. POSITION AND VELOCITY SENSORS .............................................................................. 8
3.1. Potentiometers ...................................................................................................... 9
3.2. Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT) ................................................. 10
3.3. Optical Encoders .................................................................................................. 11
3.4. Tachometers ........................................................................................................ 13
4. FORCE AND PRESSURE SENSORS ................................................................................ 13
4.1. Piezo Load Cells.................................................................................................... 14
5. CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................. 15
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MEASUREMENT AND SENSOR DEVICES
-DIFFERENT TYPES OF SENSOR USED IN THE INDUSTRY-
1. INTRODUCTION
A sensor is a device that detects and responds to some type of input from
the physical environment. The input could be light, heat, motion,
moisture, pressure, or any one of a great number of other environmental
phenomena. The output is generally a signal that is converted to human-
readable display at the sensor location or transmitted electronically over a
network for reading or further processing.
2. PROXIMITY SENSORS
These type of sensors could detect the presence of object that are so
closed without any physical contact. They are very used in industrial
automation, such as:
Conveyor lines: counting, jam detection, etc.
Machine tools: safety interlock, sequencing.
These sensors have long functional life and high reliability. The different
types of proximity sensors are:
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MEASUREMENT AND SENSOR DEVICES
-DIFFERENT TYPES OF SENSOR USED IN THE INDUSTRY-
2. Retro-reflective:
a. Range 1-3 m
b. Popular and cheap
3. Diffuse-reflective
a. Range 12-300mm
b. Cheap and easy to use
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MEASUREMENT AND SENSOR DEVICES
-DIFFERENT TYPES OF SENSOR USED IN THE INDUSTRY-
Example Applications
Inductive Sensors I
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MEASUREMENT AND SENSOR DEVICES
-DIFFERENT TYPES OF SENSOR USED IN THE INDUSTRY-
Inductive Sensors II
Capacitive Sensors
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MEASUREMENT AND SENSOR DEVICES
-DIFFERENT TYPES OF SENSOR USED IN THE INDUSTRY-
3.1. Potentiometers
A potentiometer, informally a pot, is a three-
terminal resistor with a sliding or rotating contact that forms
an adjustable voltage divider. If only two terminals are used,
one end and the wiper, it acts as a variable resistor or
rheostat.
The measuring instrument called a potentiometer is
essentially a voltage divider used for measuring electric
potential (voltage); the component is an implementation of
the same principle, hence its name.
2. Cermet
a. Wiper slides on conductive ceramic track.
b. Better than wire inmost respects.
3. Plastic film
a. High resolution.
b. Long life and good temperature stability.
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MEASUREMENT AND SENSOR DEVICES
-DIFFERENT TYPES OF SENSOR USED IN THE INDUSTRY-
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MEASUREMENT AND SENSOR DEVICES
-DIFFERENT TYPES OF SENSOR USED IN THE INDUSTRY-
Example LVDTs
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MEASUREMENT AND SENSOR DEVICES
-DIFFERENT TYPES OF SENSOR USED IN THE INDUSTRY-
1. Incremental Encoders.
a. Pulses from leds are counted to provide rotary
position.
b. Two detectors are used to determine
direction (quadrature)
c. Index pulse used to denote start point.
d. Otherwise pulse are not unique.
2. Absolute Encoders.
a. They have a unique code that can be detected
for every angular position.
b. Often in the form of a “grey code”; a binary
code of minimal change.
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MEASUREMENT AND SENSOR DEVICES
-DIFFERENT TYPES OF SENSOR USED IN THE INDUSTRY-
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MEASUREMENT AND SENSOR DEVICES
-DIFFERENT TYPES OF SENSOR USED IN THE INDUSTRY-
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MEASUREMENT AND SENSOR DEVICES
-DIFFERENT TYPES OF SENSOR USED IN THE INDUSTRY-
5. CONCLUSION
Nowadays is very easy to find several types of sensors in the markets.
But one of the most important things is selects the right sensor, and it
supposes a critical part of the design cycle. It requires taking in mind and
understanding of many features, such us:
• Type of motion
• Precision of motion
• Magnitude of motion
• Operation conditions
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