CASING CEMENTING,

EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURES

ROBERTO R. ABANES
CONDITIONS AND REQUIRED
PROPERTIES OF CEMENT
SLURRY
The first property of a cement slurry that should
be considered is that which is commonly
referred to as the pumping time or thickening
time. A cementing slurry must remain fluid for a
sufficient length of time to allow it to be pumped
down the casing and up the annular space
behind the pipe. A suitable cement should
possess an adequate safety factor in case of
unavoidable shut down while pumping the
cement slurry.
CONDITIONS AND REQUIRED
PROPERTIES OF CEMENT
SLURRY-continued

Secondly, the cement, after having

been properly placed in the well, must
set in a reasonable period of time and
should develop sufficient strength to
allow continuation of normal drilling
operations
 API CEMENT
CLIASSIFICATION
• Class A
This product obtained by grinding Portland
cement clinker, consisting essentially of
hydraulic calcium silicates, usually
containing one or more of the forms of
calcium sulfate as an interground addition.
This product is intended for use when
special properties are not required.
Available only in ordinary (O) Grade
(similar to ASTM C 150, Type I).
 API CEMENT
CLIASSIFICATION-continued
• Class B
The product obtained by grinding Portland cement
clinker, consisting essentially of hydraulic calcium
silicates, usually containing one or more of the
forms of calcium sulfate as an interground
addition. This product is intended for use when
conditions require moderate or high sulfate-
resistance. Available in both moderate (MSR) and
high sulfate-resistance (HSR) Grades (similar to
ASTM C 150, Type II).
 API CEMENT
CLIASSIFICATION-continued
• Class C
The product obtained by grinding Portland cement
clinker, consisting essentially of hydraulic calcium
silicates, usually containing one or more of the
forms of calcium sulfate as in interground addition.
. This product is intended for use when conditions
require early strength. Available in ordinary (O),
moderate sulfate-resistance (MSR) and high
sulfate-resistant (HSR) Grades (similar to ASTM C
150, Type III).
 API CEMENT
CLIASSIFICATION-continued
• Class D
The product obtained by grinding Portland cement
clinker, consisting essentially of hydraulic calcium
silicates, usually containing one or more of the
forms of calcium sulfate as an interground
addition. This product is intended for use under
conditions of high temperatures and high
pressures. Available in moderate sulfate-
resistance (MSR) and high sulfate-resistant (HRS)
Grades.
 API CEMENT
CLIASSIFICATION-continued
• Class F
The product obtained by grinding Portland cement
clinker, consisting of essentially of hydraulic
calcium silicates, usually containing one or more
of the forms of calcium sulfate as an interground
addition. This product is intended for use under
conditions of extremely high temperatures and
pressures. Available in moderate sulfate-resistant
(MSR) and high sulfate-resistant (MSR) Grades.
 API CEMENT
CLIASSIFICATION-continued
Class G
The product obtained by grinding Portland cement
clinker, consisting essentially of hydraulic calcium
silicates usually containing one or more of the
forms of calcium sulfate as an interground
addition. No additions other than calcium sulfate or
water, or both, shall be interground or blended
with clinker during manufacture of Class G well
cement. This product is intended for use as a
basic well cement. Available in moderate sulfate-
resistant (MSR) and high sulfate-resistant (HRS)
Grades.
 API CEMENT
CLIASSIFICATION-continued
• Class H
The product obtained by grinding Portland cement
clinker, consisting essentially of hydraulic calcium
silicates, usually containing one or more of the
forms of calcium sulfate as an interground
addition. No additions other than calcium sulfate or
water, or both, shall be interground or blended
with the clinker during manufacture of Class H well
cement. This product is intended for use as a
basic well cement. Available in moderate sulfate-
resistant (MSR) and high sulfate-resistant (HSR)
Grades.
 Types of Casing and Reasons for
Cementing
• Conductor casing: set to prevent caving
around the mouth of the bore and conduct
drilling fluid to a sufficient height while drilling
surface hole.
• Surface casing: set to protect fresh water
zones, to guard against possible cave-in of the
near-surface formations and to provide a
position for the initial well control devices.
• Intermediate casing: run inside the surface
pipe to protect the hole for various reasons.
One or more such strings may be set.
 Reasons for Cementing

• supporting and strengthening it.

• Seals against contamination to fresh water
zones that may be used for domestic supply
• Helps prevent blowouts from high pressure
zones behind the casing.
• Protects the casing from excluded corrosive
waters and lowers electrolytic currents.
• Prevents the vertical migration of formation
fluids between the casing and hole wall.
 Reasons for Cementing
-continued:
• Seals off "lost circulations" zones and other
troublesome formations in order to drill ahead.

• Protects surface pipe and intermediate casing

strings while drilling additional hole.
•
• Prevents the vertical migration of formation fluids
between the casing and hole wall.
 Reasons for Cementing
-continued:

• Protects surface pipe and intermediate

casing strings while drilling additional hole.

• Seals off "lost circulations" zones and

other troublesome formations in order to
drill ahead.
 CEMENTING CASINGS

To avoid casing cementing problems

proper planning is an important factor that
the drilling engineer should perform.
Consideration for hole condition while the
hole is drilled should be taken into
account. Drilling Supervisor must prepare
a detailed cementing program suitable for
the hole.
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:

The detailed cementing program must

include the following procedures.

• Cement slurry volume (computations)

requirement and diagrammatic representation
of section to be cemented and;
• Slurry design requirement (computations).
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Fundamentals to be followed for every
casing job:

• The hole to be circulated through the drill string after

reaching target depth (TD), long enough to circulate out and
remove cuttings large enough that may bridge in the casing
hole annulus.
• The mud must be conditioned to optimum properties to
maintain only a thin but strong filter cake for easy
displacement.
• Casing centralizers, must be properly installed to the casing.
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Fundamentals to be followed for
every casing job: continued:

• Float collar and float shoe must be properly

installed to the casing. Use of Thread Locking
compound is required, tack weld if necessary.
• Lowering speed should be controlled to approx.
30 seconds per joint while
• inside casing section and approx. 1 minute per
joint while on open hole section.
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Fundamentals to be followed for every casing job:
continued:

• The mud must be conditioned to optimum properties to

maintain only a thin but strong filter cake for easy
displacement.
• Casing centralizers, must be properly installed to the casing.
• Float collar and float shoe must be properly installed to the
casing. Use of Thread Locking compound is required, tack
weld if necessary.
• Lowering speed should be controlled to approx. 30 seconds
per joint while inside casing section and approx. 1 minute
per joint while on open hole section.
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Procedure:

• Run the casing

• Circulate about 15 minutes or bottom's up every 400 meters
whichever comes early to remove mud that may be collected
around couplings and centralizers. Pipe reciprocation during
circulation aids in obtaining annular hole cleaning.
• After running-in all the required number of casing joints, circulate
at a minimum equivalent to three (3) times the hole volume
(casing and annular capacity) or after 15 minutes after attaining a
minimum stable bottoms up temperature whichever takes longer
time to accomplish
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Procedure:
• Reciprocate casing while circulating.

• The Drilling Supervisor and Cementing Engineer must

check all systems to be used including bulk materials,
pre-hydrated additives, air system, mixing water,
displacement fluid, pressure recorders, densometer
and charts pressurize mud balance, sampling cubes,
displacement plugs, cementing equipment and pre-
hydration tank pump. Special instructions for
cementing must be emphasized to all personnel
involved and must operate accordingly.
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Procedure:
• Pre-hydrated additives should be mixed with the water
at least 8 hours prior cementing with continuous
agitation or circulation before pumping of cement. For
dry blended cement and additives flopping of cement
from one silo to another is recommended after
blending and prior cementing.
• Before the cementing operation it must be clarified by
everybody concerned; Drilling Superintendent, Drilling
Engineer, Toolpushers, Driller and Cementing
Engineer as to who will give immediate orders in any
specified critical situation and who will carry out such
order.
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Procedure:
• The Cementing Engineer will confer with both
the Drilling Superintendent and the Drilling
Engineer to go over the program to decide on
the following parameters:
--Maximum pumping pressure
--Use of displacement plugs
--Volume of slurry to be mixed
--Density of slurry
--Displacement fluid and source
--Others
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Procedure:
• Following pre-job consultation, all personnel
are to be immediately to their assigned
locations and check again if their systems are
ready and once the signal to begin has been
given by the Drilling Superintendent/Company
man, begin the casing cementing job.
Reciprocate casing until cement is in place
(CIP) if possible.
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Procedure:
• Maintain a steady continuous pump rate
throughout the job. Cement is highly
thixotropic, especially at elevated
temperatures so pressures on re-start can
break down the formation. It is better to
reduce the displacement rate, for instances
dictating waiting on fluid rather than shutting
down and starting up again.
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Procedure:
• Once the displacement plug has bumped,
check to see if the floats are holding. If not,
close-in the head, put pressure gauge and
valve on the cementing head and monitor
pressure such that an increase of no greater
than 200 psi above equilibrium pressure will
occur. Always run two (2) floats (float shoe
and float collar) in two stage cementing
operations to avoid this situations.
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Procedure:
• . All cementing parameters must be
monitored and recorded in the
cementing log sheet
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Procedure:
• . Waiting on cement time is dependent on
local well temperature, the following is a
general rule:
• Surface Casing WOC - 8 hours minimum
• Anchor Casing WOC -12 hours maximum
• Production Casing WOC - 4 hours minimum
(before second stage)
• WOC- 12 hours maximum
(after a successful 2nd stage)
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Slurry specification:

Factors to be considered in the slurry design:

-Temperature Gradient
-Fracture Gradient
-Formation and Mud Characteristics
-Mixing and Pumping Equipment
available
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Slurry specification:

NOTES:
Cement slurry should have been tested
under simulated down hole conditions,
making use of all API & ASME standard
laboratory equipment for testing cement.
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Typical slurry design:
• Surface casing

-DENSITY : 14.9 ppg (measured by fluid density

balance)

-YIELD: 1.8 ft3/unit mix

Class "G" Cement
40% Silica Flour (at least 200 mesh)
4% Bentonite (Wyoming grade, Dry Blended) or 1%
Bentonite (Wyoming grade, Pre-hydrated)
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Typical slurry design:

• Anchor Casing:

DENSITY : 14.9 ppg (measured by fluid density balance)

YIELD 1.8 ft3/unit mix
Class "G" Cement
40% Silica Flour (at least 200 mesh)
4% Bentonite (Wyoming grade, Dry Blended) or 1%
Bentonite (Wyoming grade, Pre-hydrated)
0.3% Friction Reducer
0.3%) Fluid Loss Additives (for low temperature)

NOTE: Use retarder as necessary

 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Typical slurry design:
• Production Casing (1st Stage):

DENSITY: 14.9 ppg (measured by fluid density

balance)
YIELD: 1.8 ft3/unit mix
Class "G" Cement
40% Silica Flour (at least 200 mesh)
4%o Bentonite (Wyoming grade, Dry Blended) or
1% Bentonite (Wyoming grade, Pre-hydrated)
0.3% Friction Reducer
0.3% Fluid Loss Additives
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Typical slurry design:
• Production Casing (2nd Stage):

DENSITY: 14.9 ppg (measured by fluid density

balance)
YIELD: 1.8 ft3/unit mix
Class "G" Cement
40% Silica Flour (at least 200 mesh)
4% Bentonite (Wyoming grade, Dry Blended) or
1% Bentonite (Wyoming grade, Pre-hydrated)
0.3% Friction Reducer;
0.3% Fluid Loss Additives
0.01 gps defoamer
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Typical slurry design:
• Spacers
The production casing cement slurry should be preceded
by:

-20 bbls Water

-16 bbls silicate spacer (Flo Chek 2:1)
-10 bbls Water
-followed by the Main Slurry

Notes: Silicate Sealing Pre-Flush is a Gelling agent to

replace flushed mud wall cake with quick sealing cement
wall cake to reduce bridging & LCM problems
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Cementing procedure:

Surface Casing Stab-in-1

• To save stab-in string make-up time, pick-up and

make-up the required number of stands of drill
pipe before running the casing.
• After running in the desired number of joints of 20
inch casing, hook up circulating head and lines
then reciprocate casing while circulating.
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Cementing procedure: continued

Surface Casing Stab-in-2

• Land casing as close to the rig floor as possible

and hold on slips. Remove casing elevator and
replace it with drill pipe elevator. Position the drill
pipe support plate for stab-in string together with
the bowl and slips, or 2nd pipe elevator.
• Make up the stab-in stinger or nipple to the
adapter sub then to the drill pipe.
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Cementing procedure: continued

Surface Casing Stab-in-3

• Run-in the stinger with drill pipe, use drill pipe pup
joints in order to attain the exact length of the
string to the desired height for the cementing
head.
• Tab and stab slowly and gently into the stab-in
shoe. Once nipple get into the shoe receptacle,
slack 1000 lbs of drill pipe weight, hold unto slips
(leave elevator, closed, on support place if two (2)
elevator system is use).
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Cementing procedure: continued

Surface Casing Stab-in-4

• Make up the swivel type drill pipe cementing head.

Connect circulating lines and circulate mud.
Replace drill pipe elevator with casing elevator
then circulate until mud returns is free of cuttings.
• Hook up cementing lines to the cementing head.
Pressure test the cementing lines.
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Cementing procedure: continued

Surface Casing Stab-in-5

• Once the desired slurry returns density attained,

set casing unto slips. Stop mixing cement and
displace about half of the drill pipe string with
water. Immediately replace the casing elevator
with drill pipe elevator.
• Pick up the drill pipe stab-in string at least 4-5 m,
then displace the remaining cement in the stab-in
string.
• Reciprocate casing during cementing.
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Cementing procedure: continued

Surface Casing Stab-in-6

• After cementing and before unlatching the nipple
from the shoe, observe for any back flow to
determine if the shoe is leaking.

• Break-out cementing lines then pull out of hole

stab-in string. Fill up the casing with water or mud
to prevent the casing from floating up. Keep
casing full while drill pipe is being pulled out.
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Cementing procedure: continued

Surface Casing Stab-in-6

• Replace drill pipe elevator with casing elevator

then remove the slips. Make up the 20 inch casing
swedge with pressure gauge and monitor if any
pressure is present or shoe is leaking.

• W.O.C.
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Cementing procedure: continued

Anchor Casing (Stab-in)

( the same as the surface casing)

 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Cementing procedure: continued

Production Casing (First Stage)-1

• Run-in the required length/number of
joints of production casing with stage
cementing collar located above first
massive loss zone below the previous
casing shoe or midway at the open
hole whichever is more advantageous
for cementing.
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Cementing procedure: continued

Production Casing (First Stage)-2

• After circulating at bottom, rig up cementing lines

and connect to the cementing head. Place the
"flexible plug" in the cementing head. With safety
bar of the
• cementing head in close position, pressure test
the cementing head valves and cementing lines
with 2,000 psi minimum testing pressure.
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Cementing procedure: continued
Production Casing (First Stage)-3
• Turn head valve to "cementing position" for fluid
to pass below the plug. Pump the pre-flush water,
approximately 20 bbls using the cementing pump
or slush pump whichever is convenient. (When a
silicate pre-flush is used, utilize the cementing
pump). Reciprocate casing for the duration of
cementing.
• Mix and pump the scavenger slurry approximately
30 bbls at 10-11 ppg slurry weight, then mix and
pump the computed main slurry.
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Cementing procedure: continued
Production Casing (First Stage)-4

• Pump as fast as possible but keep the pump

pressure below pre-determined maximum on the
casing. Maintain a uniform pump rate.
• Once the required volume has been pumped, stop
pumping and immediately close the main head
valve to avoid fluid being siphoned into the casing
due to fluid column imbalance. Leave at least 3
bbls of cement slurry in the cementing lines and to
be pumped after the flexible plug for easy plug
drill out.
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Cementing procedure: continued
Production Casing (First Stage)-5
• Retract the "safety bar" of the cementing head and
turn head valve to "by-pass" position for fluid to
divert over the flexible plug.
• Pump the displacement fluid. Maintain a steady
rate through out the displacement. Monitor pump
pressure closely. Use mud as displacement fluid
to occupy the volume 20 m above stage collar to
surface. The 20 m of water above the stage collar
will act as a spacer between the mud and excess
cement.
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Cementing procedure: continued
Production Casing (First Stage)-6
• Slow down pumping rate when approaching the
pre-calculated displacement, say 5 bbls to avoid
sudden bumping of the plug and excessive
pressure. If the plug does not bump at the
calculated volume, pump one more barrel and
stop displacing. Bleed pressure to zero.
NOTE: When the pre-determined maximum
pressure is reached before pumping the required
displacement volume, stop displacing.

• Check to see if the floats are holding. Two floats

must be used to avoid leak back. It is a very
difficult situation.
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Cementing procedure: continued
Production Casing (First Stage)-7

• Open cementing head and drop "trip plug" to open

stage cementing ports. Close cementing head.

• Slowly build up pressure to approximately 1,000

psi to trip the stage collar lower inner sleeve and
the cementing ports. A drop in pressure, created
as fluid escapes into annulus, indicates that the
cementing ports have opened. The above applies
to Baker Model J and Halliburton. Check the data
sheets for other types. If stage collar is not able to
open run in hole OEDP to push the trip plug.
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Cementing procedure: continued
Production Casing (First Stage)-8

• Immediately pump mud to circulate out scavenger

slurry and excess cement.
• Hang casing to the required setting and remove
casing slips.
• Continue circulating mud through stage collar
ports while W.O.C. for 4 hrs on the first stage.
NOTE: A useful technique to re-establish circulation if
returns are not immediately forthcoming is to
alternately pump into casing, then into annulus,
for 5 minutes intervals, each.
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Cementing procedure: continued
Production Casing (second stage)-1

• After WOC on first stage, rig up cementing

equipment to conduct second stage cementing.
• Load the "shut-off plug in the cementing head.
Safety bar must be in close position and head
valve adjusted to the "cementing position" for the
fluid to pass below the plug.
• Pump the pre-flush water, approximately 10 bbls
using the cementing pump or slush pump
whichever is convenient.
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Cementing procedure: continued
Production Casing (second stage)-2

• Casing reciprocation is not possible on this stage

so mud removal depends only on flow factors.
• Mix and pump the scavenger slurry, approximately
20 bbls at 10-11 ppg slurry weight then follow with
the computed main slurry.
• Pump as fast as possible but keep the pump
pressure below the pre-determined maximum on
the casing. Maintain a uniform pump rate.
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Cementing procedure: continued
Production Casing (second stage)-3

• Once the required volume has been pumped or full

density returns are measured, stop pumping.
Leave at least 3 bbls of cement slurry in the
cementing lines and to be pumped after releasing
the shut-off plug for easy plug drill out.
• Retract the "safety bar" of the cementing head and
turn head valve to "by-pass" position for fluid to
divert over the flexible plug.
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Cementing procedure: continued
Production Casing (second stage)-4

• Pump the displacement fluid. Maintain a steady

rate throughout the displacement. Monitor pump
pressure closely.
• Slowdown pumping rate when approaching the
pre-calculated displacement volume, say 5 bbls to
avoid sudden bumping of the plug and excessive
pressure build up.
• Continue displacing until pressure rise. Slowly
build up pressure to approximately 1,500 psi in
excess of the final displacement pressure. Hold
pressure for 3 minutes, watch for an
instantaneous pressure drop as the stage collar
inner sleeve moves down.
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Cementing procedure: continued
Production Casing (second stage)-5

NOTE: If the pump or casing strength could not

handle the 1,500 psi excess pressure, shut-off
pressure should be lowered but not less than
1,000 psi in excess of final displacement
pressure.

• Bleed-off pressure to zero.

NOTE: If excessive fluid back flow occur during

bleeding- off pressure, try to pressure up
again but do not exceed the bursting pressure
of the anchor casing, hold pressure for 3
minutes.
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Cementing procedure: continued
Production Casing (second stage)-6

• Centralize casing by closing the BOPE casing ram

and adjust the centralizing studs below the BOPE.

• W.O.C.
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Remedial cementing on production casing:-1

Remedial cementing shall be conducted once

loss of circulation has been encountered while
conducting the second stage and no cement
returns reach to surface.

• Once the stage collar has been closed with

returns not obtained, immediately prepare
(without delay) and connect cementing line
through side valves to pump water to the casing
annulus, in order not to allow cement from setting.
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Remedial cementing on production casing:-2

• Observe pressure closely, it should not exceed

the collapse pressure of the production casing or
bursting pressure of the anchor casing, whichever
is lower. Increase pump rate as limit permits until
pressure stabilize, then decrease pump rate to a
minimum.
• Pump water with a minimum volume equivalent to
the volume of casing to casing annulus. If a weak
zone below the anchor casing shoe is suspected
to be causing the circulation loss then pump a
minimum volume equivalent to the annular
capacity from surface to that suspected loss zone.
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Remedial cementing on production casing:-3

• When sufficient dry blended cement material has

been prepared, equivalent to 200% of the capacity
of annulus down to the stage cementing collar, rig
up cementing lines and hook up to the spool
below the BOP.
• Mix and pump slowly (3-4 bbls mix water/min) one
complete calculated annular volume, watching
closely for a pressure increase. Pump a slurry
volume at least equal to the casing to casing
annular volume.
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Remedial cementing on production casing:-4

• If pressure is consistently increasing, stop

pumping, wait for 10 minutes, pump slowly again
watching for further pressure increase. Continue
until annulus is confirmed to be holding and
stands full. The 10 minute break is to allow the
cement to develop its gel strength for it to support
additional hydrostatic column.

NOTE: During the 10 minutes break, knock off

cement then displace cement inside lines with
water and before connecting it to the spool, mix
slurry and fill the lines with weight slurry.
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Remedial cementing on production casing:-5

Alternative Procedure 1

• Mix slurry at mixing tub and wait until full slurry

weight is attained before pumping it through the
cementing lines.
• If no pressure increase is observe until one
annular volume has been pumped, stop pumping,
wait for 10 minutes, mix and pump slowly again,
watching for a pressure increase, repeat until
annulus stands full. If after pumping 100% excess
of annular volume still does not stand full, try
hesitation method say 10 bbls every 30 minutes. If
not successful, run a cement bond log to
determine next plan of action.
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Remedial cementing on production casing:-6

Alternative Procedure 1

• Once the annulus stands full of cement, slightly

squeeze cement by slowly increasing pressure to
30 psi.
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Remedial cementing on production casing:-7

Alternative Procedure 2

After second stage cement returns to surface at

full density then lost without recovery until
complete displacement.
• Once the stage collar has been closed with
returns not regained, immediately prepare to hook
up cementing lines to the spool below the BOPE.
• Close the BOP ram after conducting cementing
job to eliminate water intrusion that could cause
water entrapment between casing during remedial
job, and adjust the centralizing stud.
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Remedial cementing on production casing:-8

Alternative Procedure 2

• Mix and pump slowly (2-4 bbls/min) cement slurry

to the cementing line, once full slurry density is
attained hook up cementing lines through side
valve and continue pumping steadily. Watch
closely for a pressure increase.
• Pump the annular volume requirement between
casing plus 100% excess.
• If pressure is constantly increasing stop pumping,
wait for 10 minutes, pump slowly again, watching
for further pressure increase. Continue until
annulus is confirmed to be holding and stands
full.
 CEMENTING CASINGS-
continued:
Remedial cementing on production casing:-9

Alternative Procedure 2

NOTE: During the 10 minutes break, knock off

cement line then displace cement inside lines with
water and before connecting it to the spool mix
slurry and fill lines with full weight slurry before
re-connecting.