Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ausgabe
Ausgabe
5 • Issue 3/2011
cosmetic
dentistry _ beauty & science
3 2011
| case report
MiCD: When less is more!
| clinical technique
Predictable diastema closure
using an innovative, indirect
mock-up technique
| industry report
The three pillars of aesthetics
editorial _ cosmetic dentistry I
Dear Reader,
_Welcome to this year’s third edition of cosmetic dentistry! I hope you enjoyed the first
and second editions, which are also available online at www.dental-tribune.com free of charge
so that we can truly share our expertise and knowledge.
I have been a member of the Asian Academy of Aesthetic Dentistry (AAAD) for many years
and recently also became a member of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry. Another Dr So Ran Kwon
change in my professional life has been the transition from being a private practitioner in Seoul, Co-Editor-in-Chief
Korea, to an appointment as full-time associate professor at the Department of Restorative Den-
tistry and Center for Dental Research at Loma Linda University’s School of Dentistry in California.
Therefore, it is with great excitement that I would like to use this opportunity to serve as a bridge
for the East and the West to work together in harmony for the progress of cosmetic dentistry.
I am confident that our magazine will aid in this goal for collaboration.
Global cosmetic dentistry is on the way! The Japan Academy of Esthetic Dentistry (JAED) with
its nearly 3,000 members and the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry (KAED) with its more
than 2,000 members have been very strong pillars in supporting the AAAD. The JAED, under the
leadership of its President, Dr Toru Sato, established a collaboration with the American Academy
of Cosmetic Dentistry (AACD) last year. This year, the KAED, headed by Dr Myung-Jin Kim, fol-
lowed this example. The AACD is recognised as the largest cosmetic academy worldwide with
more than 7,000 members. The collaboration of the academies will lead to a continuous ex-
change of speakers between the academies and I hope that there will also be more submissions
of informative articles to cosmetic dentistry.
This colourful edition is concerned particularly with minimally invasive dentistry using com-
posites and with relevant industry reports on adhesive systems and composite resin materials.
You will also enjoy information on meetings and international events and much more. I sincerely
hope that you will enjoy this edition and successfully apply the information to your clinical
practice.
Yours faithfully,
Dr So Ran Kwon
Co-Editor-in-Chief
President, Korean Bleaching Society
Seoul, Korea
cosmetic
dentistry 3 _ 2011 I 03
I content _ cosmetic dentistry
31 CLEARFIL SE BOND
I special
| Kuraray
06 Minimally invasive cosmetic dentistry:
32 Kohler Matrix forceps with tungsten carbide coating
When less is more!
| Kohler Medizintechnik
| Assoc Prof Adrian U.J. Yap
I feature
I clinical technique
34 German dentist launches programme
12 Predictable diastema closure using an innovative,
to help domestic violence survivors
indirect mock-up technique
| Yvonne Bachmann
| Prof So Ran Kwon & Prof Gerald E. Denehy
I meetings
I industry report
36 Wow, what a meeting!
16 Basic technical properties of
| Dr Philip Lewis
CLEARFIL SE BOND
| Dr Toshimoto Yamada & Dr Junpei Sugizaki 40 International Events
cosmetic
issn 2193-1429 Vol. 5 • Issue 3/2011
04 I cosmetic
dentistry 3_ 2011
Precision demands
the right equipment.
CLEARFIL™ SE BOND
The adhesive that meets your high demands –
with a durable marginal sealing thanks to
the exceptionally high hydrolysis resistance &
with least postoperative sensitivity.
CLEARFIL™ SE BOND is Kuraray’s high performance, self-etching With the in vitro study on the marginal adaptation to enamel
adhesive for direct restorations – known for its outstanding long- and dentin*1, CLEARFIL™ SE BOND shows its effectiveness by an
term marginal sealing thanks to the product’s powerful hydrolysis outstanding, durable marginal adaptation. Moreover, in 2010,
resistance. Furthermore, dentists and patients value the product’s CLEARFIL™ SE BOND proves its exceptional strength within an
least postoperative sensitivity. 8 year clinical study*2 showing a retention rate of 97%.
CLEARFIL™ SE BOND enables an excellent long-term performance Thus, CLEARFIL™ SE BOND is appreciated as the Gold Standard
due to the high sealing ability of the bonding agent and the mild- amongst several universities and opinion learders.
etching, low technique sensitive self-etching primer.
*1 Source: K. Huber, G. C. Lier, B. Bott, and M. Hanning: Marginal Adaptation of Composite Resin Restorations Using Self-etching Adhesives, Joint Meeting of the Continental European, Israeli, and Scandinavian
(NOF) Divisions of the IADR, Abstract #59, August 25-28, 2004.
*2 Source: B. Van Meerbeek, M. Peumans, A. Poitevin, A. Mine, A. Van Ende, A. Neves, and J. De Munck: Relationship between bond-strength tests and clinical outcomes, Dental Materials 26, e100–e121, 2010.
_Minimally invasive dentistry (MiD), also known Based on these foundational tenets, generic MiD
as minimal intervention dentistry and preservative principles can be proposed for all oral diseases. They
dentistry, is a practice mindset and philosophy. There are:
is no escape from MiD in clinical practice. All clini-
cians practice MiD periodically whether consciously _early detection and diagnosis of disease (D);
or unconsciously. As a practice philosophy, there are _control of contributing (predisposing, precipitat-
principles of being, knowledge and/or conduct. ing and/or perpetuating) factors (C);
_curative and least invasive management of disease
Although MiD relates to most oral diseases and or pathological effects (M); and
aspects of dentistry, its application to caries is prob- _assessment and monitoring of intervention out-
ably the most evolved. Carious lesions that are de- come (O).
mineralised and non-cavitated are now “healed” in-
stead of surgically removed. Tyas et al.1, as part of a FDI These tenets are not only applicable to dental
Commission-initiated project, provided an overview caries, but also to aesthetic problems causing pa-
of the principles and concepts of MiD, suggested tients “dis-ease”. Dental aesthetic problems, like
techniques and presented the results of clinical stud- other diseases, can be caused by genetic or devel-
ies as they pertain to dental caries. The principles of opmental anomalies, infection agents (e.g. caries
MiD in relation to caries management are: and periodontal disease) and/or environmental
factors (malnutrition, diet, stress, trauma, etc.) and
_remineralisation of early lesions; include:
_reduction in cariogenic bacteria, in order to elimi-
nate the risk of future demineralisation and cavi- _discoloured teeth;
tation; _poorly shaped teeth;
_minimum surgical intervention of cavitated le- _broken or worn teeth;
sions; _ugly fillings (secondary to dental caries);
_repair rather than replacement of defective _spaces between teeth;
restorations; and _crooked teeth; and
_disease control. _missing teeth.
06 I cosmetic
dentistry 3_ 2011
special _ MiCD I
Fig. 1
Minimally invasive cosmetic dentistry (MiCD) Indications for the highly viscous version of
aims to correct the afore-mentioned aesthetic dis- these cements include the restoration of non-
ease and to fulfil patients’ aesthetic desires and stress-bearing areas of anterior and posterior teeth
demands by using conservative and minimally in- and “open-sandwich” restorations. The latter in-
vasive treatment options. The least amount of den- volve the use of glass ionomer as a base under com-
tistry is performed and any tooth structure removal posite restorations. Resin-modified GICs were de-
is kept to the absolute minimum required to achieve veloped to overcome the early moisture sensitivity
the desired aesthetics. The benefits of MiCD are of conventional cements. In addition to decreasing
highlighted by Koirala2 and include reduction of moisture sensitivity, resin modification also im-
dental fear, increased patient confidence, promo- proves setting characteristics, aesthetics, physical
tion of trust, enhancement of professional image, and handling properties. The resin is typically in-
tooth preservation and reduction of treatment cost. corporated by substituting acidic co-polymers with
a water–HEMA (hydroxyethyl methacrylate) mix-
Treatment options can be broadly classified as ture or the use of acidic co-polymers with meth-
non-invasive or minimally invasive and are listed in acrylate side chains. Despite the addition of resin,
Table I. To achieve optimal aesthetic results, more
invasive procedures, including conventional im-
plants, periodontal surgery and crown therapy, are
sometimes required to complement MiCD treat-
ment options.
_MiCD materials
cosmetic
dentistry 3 _ 2011 I 07
I special _ MiCD
and intermediary bonding agents (micromechani- products include Beautifil II and Beautifil Flow Plus
cal bonding) to adhere to teeth. They can be em- (SHOFU).
ployed to restore all cavity classes (Class I to VI) and
are especially useful for direct veneers and bonding. The fluoride release and re-charge of giomers
are significantly better than that of compomers
Composite resins consist of a resin matrix but lower than GICs.4,6 A recent study has reported
(commonly bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate reduced dental plaque formation and bacterial
[Bis-GMA] or urethane dimethacrylate [UDMA] adherence on giomers when compared with com-
with triethylene glycol dimethacrylate [TEGDMA] posite resins.7 This had been attributed to the
as a diluent monomer), ceramic fillers (amorphous formation of a material film layer on the surface of
silica and silicate particles) with coupling agent giomer restorations after contact with saliva. This
and minor additives such as initiators, activators, material film layer, which consists of aluminium,
silica, strontium and other ions, originates from
the PRG filler and has also been observed with
GICs.8
08 I cosmetic
dentistry 3_ 2011
special _ MiCD I
problems for social reasons. She had congenitally nificant impact on restoration success. The clinical Table II_Signs and symptoms
missing lateral incisors, a history of multiple tooth and radiographic signs and symptoms of OD are of occlusal disease.
fracture and was unhappy with the spaces and listed in Table II.
shape of her upper anterior teeth. With the ex-
ception of her upper right second molar, all upper As part of the diagnosis process, quality of life
molars and second premolars were lost owing to issues must be explored in addition to the usual
fracture. Her posterior support was derived solely history taking, examination and special tests (e.g.
from her first premolars because she had a missing electric pulp test, salivary function test). Discussion
lower right second molar (Fig. 3) and did not have of quality of life issues should focus on patients’
an upper denture. Although her upper right first wants, needs and expectations with regard to:
premolar was crowned and her left first premolar
was “pristine”, both teeth were cracked. _appearance;
_tooth sensitivity;
Early detection and diagnosis of disease _tooth or restoration fracture or failure;
_soft tissue discomfort;
The patient’s aesthetic problems were exacer- _loosening or moving teeth;
bated by developmental anomalies (congenitally _bite problems; and
missing laterals) and environmental factors, in- _jaw pain and dysfunction.
cluding occlusal disease (OD). Occlusal disease is
defined as “the process resulting in the noticeable If MiCD is planned in the presence of OD, patients
loss or destruction of the occluding surfaces of the must be educated on the advantages and disadvan-
teeth”.14 The disease process is caused primarily by tages of MiCD to conventional therapy, the possibil-
parafunction, especially sleep bruxism. The detri- ity of failure and need for protection. The patient
mental effects of OD could have been greatly min- concerned was aware of her occlusal problems but
imised by early detection and management with wanted a quick, non-invasive and economical so-
a bruxism splint. Occlusal considerations are partic- lution to improving her anterior aesthetics in view Fig. 4a_Pre-treatment.
ularly important in MiCD because they have a sig- of a social commitment. Fig. 4b_Post-treatment.
Fig. 4a Fig. 4b
cosmetic
dentistry 3 _ 2011 I 09
I special _ MiCD
As part of the patient’s MiCD treatment planning, A follow-up appointment for the seating of the
all factors contributing to the aesthetic dis-ease immediate denture was scheduled but the patient
must be addressed. Contributing factors can be did not attend her appointment. She was very happy
divided into those that increase risk (predisposing), with the aesthetic outcome and only returned when
cause the onset (precipitating) or enhance the pro- her bonded restorations failed a few months later
gression (perpetuating) of the problem. Sleep brux- (Fig. 5). The lack of posterior tooth support and high
ism, malocclusion and the loss of posterior tooth occlusal stresses secondary to sleep bruxism resulted
support (leading to occlusal trauma to the remain- in the failure of the bonded restorations. The latter
ing teeth or restorations) were significant issues could have been avoided if an upper stabilisation
splint had been worn during sleep. Assessment and
monitoring of intervention outcome is extremely
important when OD is present. If teeth fracture and
wear down, restorations will perform no better un-
less all contributing factors are addressed.
_Conclusion
MiCD aims to correct aesthetic dis-ease and
fulfil patients’ aesthetic desires and demands
through conservative and minimally invasive treat-
ment. Generic minimum intervention principles
were proposed for all oral diseases including aes-
thetic dis-ease caused by genetic or developmental
Fig. 5
anomalies, infection agents and/or environmental
factors. These were:
Fig. 5_Fractured direct veneers for the patient concerned. The contributing factors
on the upper canines. and their treatment implications were discussed _early detection and diagnosis of disease;
in depth. The need for posterior support and future _control of contributing factors;
protection with a stabilisation splint was high- _curative and least invasive management of disease
lighted and the provisional treatment plan was or pathological effects; and
formulated. _assessment and monitoring of intervention out-
come.
Curative and least invasive management of disease
or pathological effects The tenets were employed in a case study in which
giomer restoratives were used. The latter are the
Treatment according to the MiCD approach was most recent category of glass ionomer–composite
undertaken in consultation with the patient in view hybrid restorative materials. They are particularly
of time and cost constraints. Bonding was done to useful for MiCD procedures in view of their good
close the spaces between her upper central incisors aesthetics, handling and anti-caries properties._
and canines and direct veneers were used to modify
the shape of her canines into lateral incisors (Figs. 4a _References
& b). The restorations were achieved using giomer
restoratives (Beautifil II and Beautifil Flow) and the 1. Tyas MJ, Anusavice KJ, Frencken JE, Mount GJ. Minimal
flowable frame technique.13 intervention dentistry—a review. FDI Commission
Project 1–97. Int Dent J 2000;50(1):1–12.
Some minor aesthetic recontouring was also 2. Koirala S. Minimally invasive cosmetic dentistry—
done to the right central incisor. Impressions were Concept and treatment protocol. Cosmetic Dent
made after restoration placement in preparation of 2009;4:28–33.
an immediate denture replacing all the patient’s 3. Mickenautsch S, Tyas MJ, Yengopal V, Oliveira LB,
missing posterior teeth and the fractured upper first Bönecker M. Absence of carious lesions at margins of
premolars. The patient was also informed of the glass ionomer cement (GIC) and resin-modified GIC
possibility of implants (with sinus lift and bone aug- restorations: A systemic review. Eur J Prosthodont
mentation), should a fixed option be desired later. Rest Dent 2010;18(3);139–45.
The need for conventional crown therapy should 4. Yap AU, Tham SY, Zhu LY, Lee HK. Short-term fluoride
the bonded restorations not be durable was also release from various aesthetic restorative materials.
discussed. Oper Dent 2002;27(3):259–65.
10 I cosmetic
dentistry 3_ 2011
special _ MiCD I
5. Musanje L, Shu M, Darvell BW. Water sorption and and new developments of direct posterior restora-
mechanical behavior of cosmetic direct restorative tions. Am J Dent 2000;13(S):41D–54D.
materials in artificial saliva. Dent Mater 2001;17(5): 12. Gonzalez Ede H, Yap AU, Hsu SC. Demineralization in-
394–401. hibition of direct tooth-colored restorative materials.
6. Itota T, Carrick TE, Yoshiyama M, McCabe JF. Fluoride Oper Dent 2004;29(5):578–85.
release and re-charge in Giomer, Compomer and Resin 13. Koirala S. A step by step guide with Giomer. In: A clin-
Composite. Dent Mater 2004;20(9):789–95. ical guide to direct cosmetic restorations with Giomer.
7. Saku S, Kotake H, Scougall-Vilchis RJ, Ohashi S, Editors Koriala S, Yap AU. Dental Tribune International
Hotta M, Horiuchi S, Hamada K, Asaoka K, Tanaka E, GmbH 2008: 142–206.
Yamamoto K. Antibacterial activity of composite resin 14. Lytle JD. Occlusal Disease revisited: Part I—function
with glass-ionomer filler particles. Dent Mater J 2010; and parafunction. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent.
29(2);193–8. 2001 Jun;21(3):264–71.
8. Wang XY, Yap AU. Effects of environmental calcium
and phosphate on wear and strength of glass iono-
_contact cosmetic
dentistry
mers exposed to acidic conditions. J Biomed Mater Res
B Appl Biomater 2009;88(2):458–64. Assoc Prof Adrian U.J. Yap
9. Matis BA, Cochran MJ, Carlson TJ, Guba C, Eckert GJ. Raffles Dental
A three-year clinical evaluation of two dentin bonding 585 North Bridge Road,
agents. J Am Dent Assoc 2004;135(4):451–7. #13-00 Raffles Hospital
10. Gordan VV, Mondragon E, Watson RE, Garvan C, Mjör Singapore 188770
IA. A clinical evaluation of a self-etching primer and Republic of Singapore
a giomer restorative material: results at eight years.
J Am Dent Assoc. 2007;138(5):621–7. aujyaprd@gmail.com
11. Hickel R, Manhart J, García-Godoy F. Clinical results
AD
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Signature
Predictable diastema
closure using an innovative,
indirect mock-up technique
Authors_ Prof So Ran Kwon & Prof Gerald E. Denehy, USA
Fig. 2 Fig. 3
12 I cosmeticdentistry 3_ 2011
clinical technique _ diastema closure I
Fig. 4 Fig. 5
Direct composite resin bonding may lack outcome and present it to the patient (Fig. 3). Fig. 4_Fast setting VPS material is
the permanency of indirect veneers and full- The technique is easy to use and helpful in eval- poured into the alginate impression.
coverage restorations. However, conservation of uating the anticipated shape and anatomy of Fig. 5_Gingival contour is trimmed
sound tooth structure, less treatment time, ease the tooth. Disadvantages of diagnostic wax-ups with a #12 blade to prevent formation
of repair and the low cost of the treatment com- are lack of relevance of waxing technique to of a black triangle in the gingival
pared with other treatment modalities are very the composite application technique, inability to embrasure area.
distinct advantages of direct bonding. match colours and difficulty on the patient’s side
to relate it to the clinical outcome on his/her
Visualisation of the final result is an important teeth.
factor in the patient’s acceptance of the treat-
ment of diastema closures. Prior to direct resin An innovative indirect mock-up technique
bonding, several diagnostic steps and commu- with composite resin on a vinyl-polysiloxane
nication tools are available to present the anti- (VPS) model allows the clinician to practice the
cipated treatment outcome to the patient. The diastema closure case, and assess the final shape
simplest method of assessing the final outcome and colour of the restoration. The indirect mock-
of a diastema closure is by means of using photo- up can then easily be placed on the patient’s
imaging techniques of before and after images teeth to present the anticipated outcome with-
of the space closure (Fig. 2). Patients can then ap- out taking too much clinical time. This indirect
preciate the outcome by looking at the modified mock-up also allows the patient to truly appre-
image. However, photo imaging may pose a chal- ciate the final outcome on his/her actual teeth.
lenge to the clinician to reproduce exactly the The procedure involves an alginate impression of
modified after-image clinically or the final resto- the patient’s teeth poured with a VPS material, Fig. 6_Application of composite
ration will result in patient disappointment. upon which composite mock-ups of the anti- material with an IPC instrument.
cipated restorations are done. These mock-up Fig. 7_Pull-through technique
A diagnostic wax-up on a study model is a shells are then transferred to the patient’s with a celluloid strip from facial
commonly used method to assess the treatment mouth for evaluation. towards lingual.
Fig. 6 Fig. 7
cosmetic
dentistry 3 _ 2011 I 13
I clinical technique _ diastema closure
Fig. 8 Fig. 9
Fig. 8_Smoothening of the surface _Step-by-step procedure for gual marginal ridge. Light-cure the restora-
with a #3 synthetic sable brush. the indirect mock-up technique tion (Fig. 6).
Fig. 9_Careful removal of the 6. Continue the composite build-up on the oppo-
butterfly-shaped indirect mock-up 1. Take an alginate impression of the patient’s site central incisor. Attach the resin material to
from the VPS model. diastema during the initial visit. The impres- the tooth and while maintaining a hold on the
sion needs only to be of the anterior quadrant celluloid strip with a fingertip on the facial side,
containing the diastema and a quadrant tray pull the strip from the facial towards the lingual
may be used if desired. to push the resin material through the proximal
2. Immediately pour the alginate impression to form a smooth contour adapted properly in
using fast set VPS material (Aquasil Ultra XLV, the gingival area of the tooth (Fig. 7). Use a #3
DENTSPLY), taking care to avoid bubbles (Fig. 4). brush to shape the material to the desired con-
3. Measure width and length of central incisors tour proximally and to form contact with the
and the diastema space on the VPS model. Typ- adjacent tooth. Use a brush to refine the facial
ically, central incisors should be mirror images and gingival embrasures, and light-cure (Fig. 8).
of each other, with similar width. 7. Remove the polymerised resin restorations
4. Trim the gingival tissue contour with a #12 and transfer the butterfly-shaped indirect
scalpel blade to prevent formation of a black mock-up to the patient’s mouth (Fig. 9).
triangle in the gingival embrasure area (Fig. 5). 8. The mock-up allows the patient to evaluate
5. Place and contour a sculptable composite the aesthetic outcome of the proposed treat-
resin on one central incisor with a Gold Micro- ment (Figs. 10 & 11).
Fig. 10_Pre-op view of fil instrument or IPC instrument, and smooth
patient’s smile. the surface with a #3 synthetic sable brush. _Step-by-step procedure for the direct
Fig. 11_Placement of indirect The contour of the placed resin should pro- build-up of composite resin
mock-up into the patient’s mouth duce the desired facial and proximal con-
to evaluate the outcome of tours and extend lingually to just beyond the 1. Isolate the operative field with a retractor
the proposed treatment. contact. It should not extend over the lin- (OptraGate, Ivoclar Vivadent) and place re-
Fig. 10 Fig. 11
14 I cosmetic
dentistry 3_ 2011
clinical technique _ diastema closure I
Fig. 12 Fig. 13
cosmetic
dentistry 3 _ 2011 I 15
I industry report _ CLEARFIL SE BOND
Polymerizable group
Hydrophobic group
Fig. 3_FE-SEM (argon ion beam
etched surface; x 10,000) of the
resin–enamel interface. The upper
Hydrophobic group
half is the set bonding layer and Forming the chemical
the lower half is the enamel layer. bond with calcium
and hydroxylapatie
The superficial enamel was finely
Fig. 2 Fig. 3
and densely etched.
16 I cosmeticdentistry 3_ 2011
industry report _ CLEARFIL SE BOND I
cosmetic
dentistry 3 _ 2011 I 17
I industry report _ CLEARFIL SE BOND
Fax: +49 341 48474-290
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I industry report _ single-tooth implants
Single-tooth implants in
the aesthetic zone—
Challenge and opportunity
Author_ Dr Ata Anil, Turkey
_Single-tooth implants in the anterior re- After extraction of the fractured root, we per-
gion permit not only functional reconstruction at formed a reconstruction of the soft tissue to act
the highest level, but also reconstruction for as a basis for a harmonious reconstruction of
aesthetic reasons. However, when providing cos- red–white aesthetics. This was performed at the
metically attractive treatment, a large number of same time as implant placement via bone aug-
Fig. 3_After atraumatic extraction parameters need to be taken into account, and mentation and connective tissue transplant. The
the alveolar cavity is closed experience and knowledge of physiological pro- surgical measures applied allowed optimisation
with a free gingival graft. cesses are essential. The following article will de- of the hard and soft tissue and, using a gingiva
Fig. 4_The ovate pontic pre-forms scribe the implant-supported reconstruction of former, the shape of the gingiva could be adapted
the soft tissue. an anterior tooth lost as the result of an accident. to the neighbouring teeth. Delivery of a ceramic
Fig. 3 Fig. 4
Fig. 5 Fig. 6
crown completed the attractive final cosmetic procedures can be employed to improve condi- Fig. 5_Determining the ideal position
result. tions for a natural appearance of the restoration, for the implant with an Iglhaut locator
but the healing of the soft tissue plays a major role and surgical suture materials.
In the case of completely or partially toothless in ensuring long-term success of these measures. Fig. 6_After insertion of the XiVE S
arches, implant-aided and -supported rehabilita- Ideally, primary wound healing remains the ob- plus implant, a 1 to 2 mm wide gap
tion is a successful method of treatment in which jective. Any loss of bone after tooth loss is to remains.
single-tooth implants are largely used to restore be compensated for with suitable augmentation
function and aesthetics. Anatomically correct techniques.
positioning of the implant can, however, only be
realised, if the necessary bone level and soft tis- _Case report
sue profile are considered in the planning and
treatment. Tooth shape and colour are equally A 50-year-old female patient with a non-con-
important for providing an aesthetically harmo- tributory medical history presented to our dental
nious appearance. The anterior region of the max- practice with complaints about tooth 21, which
illa is not referred to as the aesthetic zone with- had been fractured in a traffic accident (Fig. 1).
out reason. After all, it is the most striking region The X-ray showed no apical lucency in the area of
of the stomatognathic system and affects facial the destroyed tooth (Fig. 2). Clinical examination
appearance. showed a sufficient volume of attached gingiva
and that the frenulum was in a physiological
This is why special rules apply to implant- position. However, the vestibular soft tissue was
supported single-tooth restoration in this region ruptured in the area of the fractured tooth. It
with regard to the choice of abutment: titanium seemed as if the bone underneath the rupture
abutments may show through translucent ce- had also been involved.
ramics, lead to dark colour effects or have a neg- Fig. 7_An absorbable membrane and
ative impact on the optical effect of the papillae. Although most of the mesial and distal papil- a connective tissue graft are placed
In the course of time, the edge of the abutment lae were in their correct position and still con- over the implant and the filled defect.
may even become visible owing to changes in nected to the root cement of the neighbouring Fig. 8_The flap is repositioned
gingival profile. A number of established surgical teeth, the distal papillae had receded by approxi- and sutured.
Fig. 7 Fig. 8
cosmetic
dentistry 3 _ 2011 I 21
I industry report _ single-tooth implants
Fig. 9 Fig. 10
mately 1 to 1.5 mm. As the length of the remain- mesial and distal papillae and to condition the
ing root was insufficient for a combined en- tissue, a temporary crown was constructed from
dodontic–prosthetic restoration and the crown composite material and fixed to the neighbouring
margin was to be positioned sub-gingivally to teeth as an ovate pontic (Fig. 4). Implant place-
provide an optimal aesthetic result, we decided ment was carried out six weeks later. Immediate
to extract the remaining part of the root and to implant placement after tooth extraction is usual,
replace it with a XiVE S plus implant (DENTSPLY but in this case controlled bone regeneration was
Friadent). also required, which made implant placement
directly after extraction of the remaining root
The periodontal fibres in the root area were part inadvisable.
loosened with a scalpel. The periodontal gap
was extended with a periotome and the sub- A para-crestal incision some 2 to 3 mm palatal
crestal fibres separated. This was the most to the alveolar ridge was carried out under local
atraumatic course of tooth extraction. Then, anaesthetic, and a mucoperiosteal flap was pre-
the extraction alveolar was carefully debrided pared using a periosteal elevator. The flap reached
to remove any remaining granulation tissue buccally to the muco-gingival junction. This way,
completely. To avoid damaging the labial bone the alveolar ridge could be exposed. The bone
lamella, no force was exerted in bucco-palatal was cleared of connective tissue. The implant
direction during root extraction. The soft tissue position was determined using a locator. In order
remained undamaged by avoiding a vertical to avoid perforation of the labial bone safely,
incision. the implant was not to be inserted directly into
the alveolar socket but shifted slightly in a palatal
Using palatal mucosa as a free gingival graft, direction.
we ensured primary healing in the region of the
extraction alveolar. This was previously measured To permit insertion of the implant within
with a periodontal probe, the corresponding the aesthetic window, we determined the ideal
trimmed graft placed over the alveolar cavity and bucco-palatal alignment using surgical suture
stabilised with sutures (Fig. 3). To support the materials fixed to the neighbouring teeth (Fig. 5).
22 I cosmeticdentistry 3_ 2011
industry report _ single-tooth implants I
Fig. 13 Fig. 14
This allows for adequate dimensioning of the Six months later and following successful os-
crown on the one hand, and provides sufficient seointegration, uncovery was done using a scal-
labial tissue volume on the other. pel (Figs. 9–11). The TempBase (DENTSPLY Friadent),
which was used as placement head and replaced
The implant site was prepared for a XiVE S plus with a cover screw after insertion, was re-inserted
(3.8 mm in diameter, 15 mm in lenght) implant. and temporarily restored with an appropriate
By involving the palatal cortical bone and bone- chairside-modified TempBase Cap (Fig. 12). The
specific preparation afforded by XiVE and the transition between the plastic cap and the previ-
condensing thread of the implant, we achieved ously prepared temporary crown was filled with
a torque of 50 Ncm during insertion. After placing composite material.
the XiVE implant in its final position, an approxi-
mately 2 mm wide gap remained to the Lamina During placement of the temporary crown,
vestibularis (Fig. 6). We mixed the drill cuttings pressure was exerted on the underlying soft
collected with a bone trap, which is standard pro- tissue and the papillae until the region became
cedure, with a xenogeneic bone grafting material ischemic (Fig. 13). This condition needs to be
and filled the defect. reversible, and it is essential to check that the
tissue regains its red colouring after a few min-
As a means of protection, we covered it with utes. In our experience, this method achieves
a correspondingly trimmed absorbable mem- proliferation of the papillae coronally. After
brane. This was covered with a gingival graft four weeks, the temporary crown was removed
from the palatal mucosa, and the flap was re- and replaced with a transfer coping and the
positioned and sutured (absorbable sutures 4.0; impression was made using a type I polyvinyl-
Figs. 7 & 8). As during the first intervention, siloxane.
Amoxicillin (Augmentin 1,000 mg) was given as
antibiotic cover and chlorhexidine mouthwash The resulting ceramic crown manufactured
solution and naproxen sodium (Apranax 275 mg) in the laboratory was bonded to the matching
to be taken as required. Healing progressed with- CERCON abutment (DENTSPLY Friadent) using
out problems. a light-cure adhesive after try-in (Fig. 14). After
cosmetic
dentistry 3 _ 2011 I 23
I industry report _ single-tooth implants
three years, conditions remained stable with a In the case of single-tooth restorations, the
pleasing aesthetic appearance (Figs. 15 & 16). localisation of the implant is the most important
factor for achieving aesthetically pleasing recon-
_Discussion struction. Templates should be used for position-
ing. If this is not possible, the manual methods
Implants for single-tooth replacement are an in use for years can be employed. The length of
important and established treatment concept. the papillae, measured with a periodontal probe,
For this case, an implant was placed soon after bone thickness and the vestibular lamellae are
extraction of the traumatised tooth because this very important for long-term stable treatment. In
appeared to be the most appropriate protocol, our case, we used the Iglhaut locator because the
also with regard to the good condition of the re- implant was not placed directly into the alveolar
maining teeth. A number of investigations have socket but into a more palatal-oriented position.
found ridge atrophy during the first year of tooth
loss. As a rule, atrophy commences after the third We know from the literature that soft tissue is
week and the Crista alveolaris decreases by 30 to a mirror of the bone. Using a palatal connective
50 % within a year. tissue graft, a thin gingival biotype can be con-
verted into a thick biotype. In our case, we em-
To protect the bone against increasing degen- ployed an envelope technique for transplantation
eration through physiological load, the implant of the sufficiently dimensioned palatal-source
should ideally be placed directly after tooth ex- mucosa graft. If the soft tissue is thick enough,
traction (immediate implant placement) or after it is possible to shape gingiva and papillae with
four to six weeks at the latest (delayed immediate temporary crowns. In addition, if there is suffi-
implant placement), once soft tissue healing is cient distance to the bone, the papillae can even
complete. If the gingiva and bone are not in- be extended. Pressure is exerted on the papillae
volved, the implant can be placed immediately. to profile them in the direction of the crown.
Sufficient connective tissue thickness prevents
In cases in which the tooth has been lost for the showing through of titanium, but a darker
endodontic reasons (owing to periodontal dis- discolouration is definitely avoided by using zir-
ease or following trauma with bone and gingiva conium dioxide abutments.
loss), augmentative procedures are usually also
required. To ensure secure healing of the mem- _Summary
branes and soft tissue grafts used for augmen-
tation, the surgical area should be covered Additional bone and soft tissue constructions
completely to allow primary healing. Ideally, the are usually necessary to provide a long-term
soft tissue is given four to six weeks to regenerate appealing reconstruction with single implants in
before placing the implant. Primary wound heal- the aesthetic zone, and localisation of the implant
ing can be ensured by placing a free gingival graft must be planned accurately. The implant should
over the extraction wound. be placed as soon as possible after tooth loss.
Zirconium dioxide is a proven material for abut-
To provide long-term success of the implant, ments._
the endosseous part of the implant must be cov-
ered completely by bone. Here, the vestibular re- Editorial note: This article was first published in IDENTITY
gions of the implants play a major role. After bone 2/11. A complete list of references is available from the
reconstruction, it is also important to cover the author.
entire region with soft tissue. The combination of
bone reconstruction and grafting with autoge-
nous bone, which can be collected using a bone _contact cosmetic
dentistry
trap for example, has proven a highly practicable
method for augmentation. By covering with an Dr Ata Anil
absorbable collagen membrane, the soft tissue is Ardent Dental Clinic
isolated from the regenerative region. In this case, Teşvikiye Cad. 49/10
as the vestibular soft tissue was of insufficient 34365 Nişantaşı
volume despite the free gingival graft, a palatal Istanbul
connective tissue graft was placed in addition to Turkey
the augmented region. The thickness of the soft
tissue affects the degree of recession. As a thick ataanil@ar-dent.com
gingiva is better nourished, a connective tissue www.ar-dent.com
graft is often used in aesthetic regions.
24 I cosmetic
dentistry 3_ 2011
! "
#
! ! !
" ! #$
I industry report _ composite restorations
_How often do we encounter heavily stained aspects: shape, shade and surface texture. These
anterior teeth in dental practice? Nearly every are the three indispensable pillars without which
clinician has come across this problem at least the aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth would
once. In such cases, an invasive approach is be impossible. However, in most cases attention is
usually required, i.e. the teeth need to be pros- only paid to one of the aspects, namely shade.
thetically restored with ceramic veneers or even Why is this so? This article will show how all the
crowns. However, since the concept of “minimal three elements can be taken into account in order
Fig. 1_Initial situation: severely invasiveness” has attracted quite a following re- to achieve an aesthetic outcome.
stained tooth #11. cently, it might be a good idea to start rethinking
Fig. 2_A close-up of the upper our ways of dealing with stained anterior teeth. _Preoperative situation
anterior teeth shows that the Today’s state-of-the-art composites enable den-
aesthetic appearance is poor. tal professionals to use minimally invasive treat- A female patient presented to our dental prac-
Fig. 3_Situation after minimally ment protocols and achieve outstanding re- tice with a stained central incisor (Figs. 1 & 2). She
invasive preparation of the tooth. storative results. refused to have the tooth prosthetically restored
Fig. 4_The adhesive was brushed with ceramic material and expressed her desire to
onto the tooth structure for Training courses held on the subject of aes- receive minimally invasive treatment. We decided
10 seconds. thetic dentistry usually focus on three basic to apply a direct restorative technique using a
Fig. 1 Fig. 2
Fig. 3 Fig. 4
Fig. 5 Fig. 6
Fig. 7 Fig. 8
state-of-the-art composite resin (IPS Empress same reflections as those of natural teeth, the Fig. 5_In the gingival portion,
Direct, Ivoclar Vivadent). dentine shade was applied in the form of an arch. composite was applied in an arch
As the composite material readily adapted to the shape to follow the gingival outline
_Initial steps and tooth preparation preparation margins, only light pressure with the (B2 Dentin).
modelling spatula (Fig. 5) had to be applied. Fig. 6_The composite was adapted
As the degree of tooth discolouration varied to the natural tooth structure.
from mild to medium, a preparation depth of The composite increment was deliberately Fig. 7_Placement of composite in
0.3 to 0.5 mm was sufficient. Following minimally moulded with a slight taper towards the centre of the proximal portion of the tooth.
invasive preparation, a retraction cord was placed the tooth. In this way, an invisible transition to the An “arch” was moulded in this
to prevent contamination of the working field subsequently placed increments was ensured region too.
with sulcus fluid (Fig. 3). When fabricating layered (Fig. 6). Then, the composite was light-cured with Fig. 8_The A1 Dentin shade was
restorations, the application of the adhesive is the the bluephase curing light for 15 seconds using chosen for the central portion of the
step most prone to error. Therefore, it is advisable the soft start mode. tooth (mamelon area). The incisal
to use an adhesive system that is easy-to-use, but edge was covered with translucent
provides reliable adhesion. opalescent material.
_Layering
cosmetic
dentistry 3 _ 2011 I 27
I industry report _ composite restorations
Fig. 10 Fig. 11
Fig. 12 Fig. 13
Fig. 10_Application of the enamel After having moulded the gingival “arch”, _Conclusion
layer (B1 Enamel). which outlined the gingival margin of the veneer,
Fig. 11_Final polishing of the the proximal portions were moulded in a sim- With state-of-the-art composites such as
restoration with the Astropol system. ilar fashion. As each layer was thinned out, the IPS Empress Direct, natural-looking restorations
Figs. 12 & 13_The final result: different shades and shapes blended well into can be created. Easy-to-use materials in combi-
aesthetic reconstruction of each other (Fig. 7). Once the mamelon-type in- nation with individual layering schemes enable
tooth #11 involving minimum loss crement had been placed in the centre, the dis- the employment of minimally invasive treat-
of tooth structure. colouration was completely masked. The A1 ment procedures, even in cases in which indirect
Dentin shade was used in both the proximal and restorations would normally be indicated. By
central areas. selecting a suitable restorative and following
the treatment protocol described in this article,
To copy the appearance of the adjacent teeth, the three pillars of aesthetics can be taken in-
a translucent opalescent material was applied to account in the restoration of anterior teeth
along the incisal edge. Finally, the entire com- (Figs. 12 & 13)._
posite build-up was covered with a layer of IPS
Empress Direct B1 Enamel as indicated in the
layering scheme (Figs. 8–10).
_contact cosmetic
dentistry
_Finishing
Dr Julio Reynafarje Reyna
In order to reproduce the morphology and Jr Grimaldo del Solar 231,
anatomy of natural teeth closely, just as much Office 101
effort should be applied in finishing the restora- Miraflores, Lima 18
tion as in layering it. Following polymerisation, Peru
attention was paid to creating an optimal surface
texture. First, the restoration was pre-contoured cda_peru@live.com
with fine-grit burs to remove possible composite
excess. Fine-grit instruments provided the ad- Dr Gustavo Watanabe Oshiro
vantage of allowing an optimal shape to be Miguel Angel 220
achieved in a controlled fashion. Moreover, the San Borja, Lima
inadvertent creation of undesirable retentions or Peru
depressions was avoided. After pre-contouring
the restoration, finishing and polishing were gustavowatanbeo@hotmail.com
performed using the Astropol system (Ivoclar
Vivadent; Fig. 11).
Amaris—
Simply beautiful,
beautifully simple
_Beauty, that everyone can see—with Amaris cluded in the set, which saves space as yet another
from VOCO, highly aesthetic restorations can be advantage.
achieved in both the anterior and posterior areas.
Thanks to convenient handling and simple shade Amaris not only simplifies systematic shade
selection, an endless number of shapes, shades and selection, but also satisfies individual require-
ments concerning transparency, luminance level
and opacity. The core is constructed by applying an
opaque shade. A finishing layer is modelled with
a translucent shade, which simultaneously refines
the colour scheme of the restoration. The Amaris
system includes two effect shades, HT (High Trans-
lucent) and HO (High Opaque), for special accen-
tuations, which can be used to create individual
structures. HT is ideal for designing incisal edges
and HO is suitable for masking discolouration, for
example.
30 I cosmetic
dentistry 3_ 2011
industry news _ Kuraray I
CLEARFIL
SE BOND
_Today, dentists are looking for a bond
system that not only provides secure handling
(properties), but also offers a technology that
ensures a high quality long-term marginal seal.
With the introduction of CLEARFIL SE BOND in
2000, Kuraray introduced a self-etching bond-
ing system that offers powerful hydrolysis re-
sistance for a durable marginal seal and has had
an excellent clinical record for the last ten years.
cosmetic
_ 2011
dentistry 3 I 31
I industry news _ Kohler Medizintechnik
Kohler Matrix
forceps with tungsten
carbide coating
Fig. 4
32 I cosmetic
dentistry 3_ 2011
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Oekhm[[abod[mii[b[Yj_ed
Ekh[Z_jehii[b[Yjj^[X[ijWhj_Yb[iWdZl_Z[ei\hecWhekdZj^[mehbZ\ehoek
[l[hom[[a$9h[Wj[oekhf[hiedWb[Z_j_ed_doekhfh[\[hh[ZbWd]kW][$
_fWZ$Z[djWb#jh_Xkd[$Yec
I feature _ GBAS
Founded in 1999, Give Back a Smile (GBAS), the Dr Jürgen Wahlmann, President of the German
American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry (AACD) Society of Cosmetic Dentistry, was inspired to
34 I cosmetic
dentistry 3_ 2011
feature _ GBAS I
cosmetic _ 2011
dentistry 3 I 35
I meetings _ ESCD Annual Meeting
Fig. 1
Fig. 1_Dubrovnik, Croatia. _I brought my receptionist and my dental warm welcome from the organisers. The out-
Fig. 2_Dr Hrvoje Pezo, President of nurse with me to the eighth annual meeting of standing scientific programme included state-
the Croatian Dental Chamber, the European Society of Cosmetic Dentistry of-the-art lectures, workshops and live demon-
and Dr Wolfgang Richter, (ESCD), which was held from 30 September to strations!
President of the ESCD. 1 October 2011 in Dubrovnik, Croatia. Experience
Fig. 3_From left to right: Dr Gregory has taught me how important it is to bring team Prof Nasser Barghi from the US is a well-
Brambilla (General Secretary and members to meetings so that they gain the known master of cosmetic dentistry. His lecture
Certified ESCD Member), Dr Florin same enthusiasm as the dentists and co-operate concentrated on the reliable and correct use of
Lăzărescu (Country Chairman ESCD fully when new ideas from the meeting are in- porcelain, from preparation to cementation. He
Romania), Dr Wolfgang Richter (ESCD troduced into the practice. compared various porcelains, pointing out their
President), Dr Daniel Baketić (Country advantages and limitations, and shared numer-
Chairman ESCD Croatia) and Igor Ristić The meeting was presented jointly with the ous tips to help general practitioners produce
(Country Chairman ESCD Serbia). Croatian Dental Chamber and opened with a the very best results with this material.
Fig. 2 Fig. 3
cosmetic
dentistry 3 _ 2011 I 37
I meetings _ ESCD Annual Meeting
Fig. 7 Fig. 8
Fig. 7_The President’s Dinner party. As an alternative to the afternoon lectures, lecture halls can be as valuable as the lectures
Fig. 8_Outside the lecture halls, delegates had the opportunity to attend work- themselves as delegates from around the world
there was much to enjoy. shops, at which Dr Romanos expanded on in his share ideas that improve their practices. ESCD
lecture on recession, Prof Barghi showed clinicians meetings are also very good value. The society tries
Photographs courtesy of how to produce impressive composite veneers to keep rates to a minimum to encourage all prac-
Magda Wojtkiewicz, Poland, with a simple technique and Dr Khanna gave a live titioners with a love of this area of dentistry to
and Dr Philip Lewis, UK. demonstration on the use of dermal fillers. attend. Everyone attending an ESCD meeting for
the first time typically can’t wait for the next one!
Other highlights of the scientific meeting in-
cluded the judging of the poster session, where The next meeting really will be special! To be
once again very high standards were achieved, held in the Romanian capital Bucharest from
and the presentation of certification to an ESCD 17 to 19 May 2012, the scientific meeting will
member, who had successfully submitted case be the best value yet. Why? Because it is FREE!
reports and passed the oral examination required Thanks to the cooperation of the ESCD and the
by the society. Romanian SSER, funds were raised from the EU
and there will be no charge for the three-day
Throughout the meeting, delegates could visit tuition. Delegates will pay only for travel, accom-
the excellent trade exhibition in the foyers, where modation, food and the social events. This offer is
a variety of products and services for the modern only open to ESCD members, so if you would like
cosmetic practice were available. to benefit from it, join the society now by visiting
www.escdonline.eu. The annual membership fee
All work and no play? Certainly not! ESCD of only €190 for dentists and less for team
meetings are well known for their social events members is very affordable. The offer of the free
and this year was no exception. From the ESCD meeting is strictly limited so you must act quickly
and Friends’ Party to the President’s Party in if you want to attend.
a leading Dubrovnik restaurant, delegates had
plenty of time to enjoy themselves to the full— Personally, I can’t wait and hope to see you
with the more energetic partying on until late into there!_
the night!
2012
The 45th SCANDEFA invites you to exquisitely meet the Scandinavian dental market and Fotos from Bella Center, Wonderful Copenhagen
sales partners from all over the world in springtime in wonderful Copenhagen
International Events
2011 2012
AIOP International Congress SCANDEFA
18 & 19 November 2011 26–28 April 2012
Bologna, Italy Copenhagen, Denmark
www.aiop.com www.scandefa.dk
IACA
26–28 July 2012
Hollywood, FL, USA
www.theiaca.com
40 I cosmetic
dentistry 3_ 2011
about the publisher _ submission guidelines I
cosmetic
dentistry 3 _ 2011 I 41
I about the publisher _ imprint
cosmetic
dentistry _ beauty & science
Publisher Published by
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doebbecke@oemus-media.de kontakt@oemus-media.de Claudia Salwiczek, Managing Editor
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42 I cosmetic
dentistry 3_ 2011
cosmetic
dentistry _ beauty & science
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