Field Forces Test 1 Study Guide

1. According to Newton's laws, a rock and a pebble will fall with the same acceleration in a gravitational field
because the gravitational force on each is what?
different, though the ratio of the force to the mass of each is the same
2. Are electric charges conserved? Yes
3. Attracting forces have what kind of signs? Opposite
4. Can electric field lines form closed loops? No because Electric field originate in real source goes to real sinks
5. Can you have a repulsive force when it comes to gravitation? Yes
6. Charges that have like charges do what? Repel
7. Charging by bringing a charged conductor near another charged object and then grounding the conductor is
called what?
8. Charging by contacting a charged object with a neutral object is called? Induction
9. Do electric field lines ever cross each other? No
10. Do protons and neutrons attract or repel? Strong force attracts
11. Electric field strength depends on what? A charge and distance. The field exists in the region around the charged object
E=Kq/r^2
12. If an object becomes positively charged the other object it was in contact with becomes what? Negatively charged
. Whenever atoms rub up against each other, electrons can transfer between them. This means an object cannot become
positively charged unless another object becomes negatively charged; those electrons have to go somewhere. When you
rubbed the ballon in your hair, electrons moved from the atoms in your hair into the atoms in the balloon, making your hair
positively charged and the balloon negatively charged.

13. If charge is tripled for both point charges how does that affect the electric force between two point charges?

14. If distance between two objects goes from 20 m to 10 m how does that affect the gravitational force between the
objects?

15. If distance is tripled how does that affect the gravitational force between two objects?
16. If two point charges are 3 cm apart and are moved to a distance of 15 m apart what factor does the electric force
between them change?
17. Is the electric force between charges stronger when they are close together or far apart?
Closer
18. Removing the excess charge on an object by means of the transfer of electrons between it and another object of
substantial size is called
Grounding
is the process of removing the excess charge on an object by the transfer of electrons between it and another
object of substantial size (known as the ground). When a charged object is grounded, a balance of charge is
established by the movement of electrons between the charged object and the ground. The process involves
providing a connecting pathway between the charged object and the ground.

Many students have the misconception that an object that is positively charged can transfer its protons to the
ground during the grounding process. But don't be fooled! Protons are indeed positively charged, but they are
present in the nucleus of atoms and as such are tightly bound in that location. The grounding of objects always
occurs by a movement of electrons - either off of a negatively charged object or onto a positively charged object.
Protons never move.

19. Repelling forces have what kind of signs?

Same
 20. The force that the Earth exerts on the moon is _________ compared to the force that the moon exerts on Earth.
is equal in magnitude to the force the moon exerts on Earth
21. The gravitational force that Earth exerts on an object is called what? weight
22. What happens when a glass rod is rubbed with silk?
When you are rubbing the glass rod with the silk cloth, electrons are stripped away from the atoms in the glass
and transferred to the silk cloth. This leaves the glass rod with more positive than negative charge, so you get a net
positive charge.

Why do the electrons go from glass to silk and not from silk to glass? That depends a lot on the minute details of the
material. Ultimately, for every two materials there is one of them where electrons are happier. It just turns out that for
glass and silk, electrons are happier at the silk cloth.

23. What is it called when the opposite charges separate within an object? Polarization
24. What is the charge of an electron? Negative
25. What relationship does the distance between two objects have to the gravitational force between them? Inverse
square law, is inversely proportional to the square of the separation distance So as two objects are separated
from each other, the force of gravitational attraction between them also decreases. If the separation distance
between two objects is doubled (increased by a factor of 2), then the force of gravitational attraction is decreased
by a factor of 4 (2 raised to the second power). If the separation distance between any two objects is tripled
(increased by a factor of 3), then the force of gravitational attraction is decreased by a factor of 9 (3 raised to the
second power).
26. What relationship does the mass of an object have to the gravitational force between two objects?
Since the gravitational force is directly proportional to the mass of both interacting objects, more massive objects
will attract each other with a greater gravitational force. So as the mass of either object increases, the force of
gravitational attraction between them also increases. If the mass of one of the objects is doubled, then the force
of gravity between them is doubled. If the mass of one of the objects is tripled, then the force of gravity between
them is tripled. If the mass of both of the objects is doubled, then the force of gravity between them is
quadrupled; and so on.
27. What types of materials are electric charges easily transferred in? Conductors
28. When the distance between two charges is halved, the electrical force between the charges?

29. Where do you measure distance from when looking at the gravitational force between two objects?

30. Why does an astronaut weigh less on the moon than on Earth?

Basically, weight (in this scenario) is a measurement of how much the gravity of Earth or the Moon is pulling on
your mass.

So your mass stays the same. But the amount of gravity on the Earth and the amount of gravity on the Moon are different.

Earth gravity > Moon Gravity

because

Earth's mass > Moon's mass

(and those masses are on a REALLY big scale. We humans don't compare, because our mass is so small that it's irrelevant
when compared to these large objects.)

So, even though

our mass on Earth = our mass on the Moon,

the Earth has more gravitational pull on our mass, than the Moon does.

And the amount of pull on small masses like humans or cars or soccer balls or

The gravitational field strength is less on the moon's surface than on Earth's surface

31. What happens when you have like poles in a magnet?

A north-seeking pole cannot create a magnetic field with another north-seeking pole, so it pushes like poles away
while drawing differing poles in.
32. Where is the magnetic field around a permanent magnet greatest?
close to the poles
( north and south )

33. In a magnetized object, how are the domains arranged?

magnetized materials all or most of the magnetic domains point in the same direction
non magnetized materials the magnetic domains point in random directions
34. All magnetism is created by what source?
D) moving electric charge.
35. What surrounds moving electrons?
A) a magnetic field. B) an electric field.
C) both of these.
36. If you put a north pole and a south pole together what will happen?
attract
37. What happens when you break a bar magnet in half?
C) at most half as strong as the original magnet.
38. Is the magnetic field strong when it is close to or far away from a magnet?
The magnetic field lines start on the north pole (red) and end on the south pole (white). As you move away from the magnet,
the field lines are farther apart, indicating a weaker field. Closer to the magnet, we can more clearly see how the field lines
always start on north poles and end on south poles. With more than one magnet, the field lines still start on a north pole and
end on a south pole. But they can start on the north pole of one magnet, and end on the south pole of another. With two like
poles placed nearby, the field lines starting on the north poles curve sharply toward their south poles in order to avoid the north
pole of the other magnet.

39. What are magnetic domains?

A magnetic domain is region in which the magneticfields of atoms are grouped together and aligned. In the
experiment below, the magnetic domains are indicated by the arrows in the metal material. You can think
of magnetic domains as miniature magnetswithin a material.

40. How are magnetic field lines drawn?

41. How can electric current be induced in a wire?
Faraday's Law emf
42. What is electromagnetic induction? Electromagnetic or magnetic induction is the production of
an electromotive force (i.e., voltage) across an electrical conductor in a changing magnetic field.
43. Know how to identify the different types of charge - for instance like an airplane flying through air .
Precipitation static is an electrical charge on an airplane caused by flying through rain, snow, ice, or dust particles.
When the aircraft charge is great enough, it discharges into the surrounding air. The discharge path is through
pointed aircraft extremities, such as antennas, wing tips, vertical and horizontal stabilizers, and other protrusions.
44. Know how to calculate gravitational field strength through the universal law of gravitation (measuring from the
center to the center)
45. Know how to calculate electric field strength through coulomb’s law
46. Be able to tell what charges should go where (like electric field hockey)
47. Know how to draw electric field lines
48. Know how to draw magnetic field lines
49. How to calculate the acceleration of a charged object (like #15 on the electrostatics worksheet)
50. Brush up on your free body diagrams!