Laws of Exponents and Surds

1. Exponent 3. Rational Exponents

The factor which is multiplied by itself again and If a is a positive real number and n is a positive
again is the base and the number of times the integer, or if a is a negative real number and n is
factor appears is the exponent. a positive odd integer, then
For example, 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 35 = 243 1
In 35, 3 is the base and 5 is the exponent. We an  n a
read 35 as ‘3 to the fifth power’. The expression Note that if a is a negative real number and n is
35 is called the exponential form of the power.
In general, a positive even integer, n
a does not exist and
(i) an = a × a × a × .... × a (n times), where a is 1

any real number and n is a positive integer. hence neither does a n . Because an even power
an is read as “a to the nth power”. of a real number is always positive. See the
(ii) for every non-zero real number a and every examples given below:
n 1 1
integer n, a  n (negative exponent). (i)
a 492  49  7
(iii) for every non-zero real number a, a0 = 1. (zero 1 1
exponent). (ii) 814  4 81  4 3  3  3  3  (3 4 )4  3
(iv) (0–n) and (00) are not defined.
1
2. Laws of Integral Exponents (iii) (-27)3  3 (27)  3 (3)  (3)  (3)

For all real numbers a and b, if m and n are 1

3
positive integers, then =  3  3  3
 
(i) am × an = am+n
For example, 23 × 24 = 23 + 4 = 27 = 128 1

(ii) (am)n = amn (iv) (-81)4 = It is a meaningless quantity, if we

1 confine ourselves to the set of real
For example, [(–2)2]–3 = (–2)2 × –3 = (–2)–6 =
(2)6 numbers only. But it is meaningful
1 in the set of complex numbers.
=
64 4. Application of Exponential Laws to
(iii) (ab)m = ambm
For example, (2 × 3)4 = 24 × 34 = 16 × 81 Rational Exponents
= 1296 It can be shown that under the definition given
m m
a  b 1 m
(iv)      here for a n and a n , all the laws of exponents
b a
For example, for positive integral exponents may be applied to
5 powers with rational exponents, as can be the
  3  2   3
2 5
 3
10
 4
10

          definition of a negative exponent.

 4    4  4  3 See the examples given below:
am 1 1 5 1 1 5
 
8
(v) am  a n   a m n (i) 22  2 4  2 4  22 4 4
 2 4  22  4
an
For example, 37 ÷ 34 = 37 – 4 = 33 = 27 3
3 1 1
m 94 
m a m m m (ii)  94 4
 92  3
(vi) a  a  m  a  a0  1 1
4
a 9
For example, 75 ÷ 75 = 75 – 5 = 70 = 1  26
  32   (6)
 3  1 1
n n (iii)  3   3  34  4 
a a   3 81
(vii)    n
b b
3 3 3
4 2
 2 24 16 (iv) (0.04)2  (0.2)2  2  (0.2)
 
2 = (0.2)3 = 0.008
For example,    4 
 3 3 81
 5 5
6
5 Note: (1) Surds can be expressed in the form of
(v) (0.000064)6  (0.2)6  6  (0.2) 6 exponents. For example,
= (0.2)5 = 0.00032 1 1 1
3  3 2 , 3 5  5 3 , 5 8  8 5 etc.
1
  13 2
 
1
 1 2
 (2) Every surds is an irrational number but
(vi) 27 3 3
27  27   3
3
   3    3 
3 3 3 3 3
 every irrational number is not a surd.
   
 1
3   
 3  3 13 2
3  7. Types of Surds
= 3 3 3 3
  (i) Monomial Surd: A surd consisting of one
1 1 term only is called a monomial surd. For
1 2
= 3 33    3
(3  9)  (6)  2
3 example, 2, 3 and 3
4 etc are monomial
7 9 7 9 surds.

(g)
(36)2  (36)2

6   6 
2 2 2 2
(ii) Binomial Surd: An expression consisting
5 5
of the sum or difference of two monomial
(36) 2
6  2 2
surds or the sum of a monomial surd and a
7 9
2 2 rational number, is called a binomial surd.
6 2
6 2
7
67  69 6 1  6
2
  For e xample , 2  3 ,
= 5  5
 5 3 2, 3 5,
2
2
6 6
6 5  3 etc are binomial surds.
= 62 (1 – 62) = 36 (1– 36) = 36(–35) = –1260 (iii) Trinomial Surd: An expression consisting

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of three terms at least two of which are a
5. Important Points Regarding monomial surds is called a trinomial surd.
Exponents For e xample , 2 3 5 , 2 34
(i) A negative integer raised to an even power 5 3 2 etc are trinomial surds.
is positive.
8. Laws of Surds
(ii) A negative integer raised to an odd power is
negative. (i) For any positive integer ‘n’ and a positive
(iii) When the power of (–1) is any even n

natural number, the product is always (1),

rational number ‘a’,  an
a.
ie (–1)even natural number = 1. (ii) If ‘n’ is a positive integer and ‘a’, ‘b’ are
(iv) When the power of (–1) is any odd natural rational numbers, then a  n b  n ab . n

KUNDAN
number, the product is always (–1), ie (iii) If ‘n’ is a positive integer and ‘a’, ‘b’ are
(–1)odd natural number = –1.
n
6. Surds a a
rational numbers, then n
 n
.
b b
If a is a rational number and n is a positive integer
1 (iv) If ‘m’ and ‘n’ are positive integers and ‘a’ is a
such that the nth root of a, ie a n or n
a is an positive rational number, then
1
irrational number, then a n is called a surd or m n
a  mn a  n m a .
radical of order n and a is called the radicand. (v) If ‘m’ and ‘n’ are positive integers and ‘a’ is a
For example, positive rational number, then
1
(i) 5 is a surds. It may also be written as 5 2 . p m
Since 5 is a rational number and 2 is a
n m
a   n a p  mn a pm

1 For example,
positive integer such that 5 2 or 5 is an 1

irrational number. Therefore, 5 is a surd.

5 4
 
23
5
5   
23
4 4
 5 23  5 8

(ii) 3
8 is not a surd. Since 8 is a rational number, 9. Order and Base of Surds
1 1
3 is a positive integer but 3
8 = (8) 3 = (2 )
3 3 Surd a is a surd of nth order whose base is ‘a’.
n

= 2 is not an irrational number. Therefore, A surd of order 2, 3 and 4 are called quadratic,
cubic and biquadratic surds respectively. For
3
8 is not a surd.
example, 2 , 3 4 and 4 5 are called quadratic,
(iii) 2  3 is not a surd. Since 2  3 is not   cubic and biquadratic surds respectively. A surd
a rational number.
of order 2 is also called square surd.
10. Surds in Simplest Form m m
Step III: Compute . Let = k.
A surd is said to be in its simplest form if it has n n
(i) no fraction under the radical sign. For Step IV: Write the new surd as m a k .
5 Following examples will illustrate the
example 4 is not in simplest form, because
3 above procedure:
it has a fraction under the radical sign.
(ii) no factor which is nth power of a rational
15. Conversion of Two or More Surds into
number under the radical sign of index n. Surds of the Same Order
For example, 2  33 is not in its simplest
3 The following procedure is very useful to convert
two or more surds into surds of the same order:
form, be cause the numbe r unde r the
Step I: Obtain the given surds. Let the surds
radical sign has factor 3 3 such that its
exponent is equal to the order of the surd. n1 n2 nk
be a1 , a 2 ,..., ak .
This surd in simplest form can be written as
Step II: Obtain the orders of the given surds.
3
2  33  3 2  3 33  ( 3 2)(3)  3( 3 2) The orders of the surds in step I are n1,
n2, ..., nk.
(iii)the smallest possible index of this radical,
Step III: Compute LCM of n1, n2, n3, ..., nk.
ie the order of the surd is the smallest
Let n = LCM (n1, n3, ..., nk)
possible. For example, 9
8 is not in simplest
n n n n

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form be cause the orde r of the give n Step IV: Compute n , n , ..... n . Let n  m1 ,
1 2 k 1
surd is not the smallest possible. In fact,
3
 1 1
n n
9
8  9 23   2 9   23  3 2 .  m2 , ...,
  n2 nk = mk.

11. Pure Surds and Mixed Surds Step V: Write the required surds as n
a1m1 ,
A surd which has unity only as rational factor n
a 2m 2 , ..... n
ak mk
the other factor being irrational is called a pure
surd. For example, 3, 5
2, 4
3 etc are pure 16. Comparison of Surds
surds.

KUNDAN
A surd which has a rational factor other than
unity the other factor being irrational is called a
mixed surd. For example, 2 3 , 5 3 12 , 2 4 5 etc
are mixed surds.
12. Conversion of Mixed surds into Pure
Surds
See the example given below that will illustrate
the procedure.
13. To Express the Given Surds as Mixed Surds
in the Simplest Form
This procedure can be understood easily by the
examples.
14. Coversion of a Surd into a Surd of
Given Order
Following procedure can be used to convert a
given surd into a surd of given order:
Step I: Obtain the given surd and its order. Let
the surd be a. n
Step II: Obtain the order of the new surd into
which the given surd is to be converted.
Let its order be m.
(i) Comparison of Surds of the Same Order:
If the surds are of the same order, then they
can be easily compared by comparing their
radicands. The surd whose radicand is larger
is the larger of the given surds. See the
examples given below:
(ii) Comparison of Surds of Distinct Orders:
If the surds are not of the same order, we
first reduce them to the same but smallest
order and then compare their radicands. The
following procedure can be used to compare
two or more surds.
Step I: Obtain the given surds.
Step II: Find the LCM of the orders of the
given surds. Let the LCM be n.
Step III: Convert each surd into a surd of
order n by using the procedure given
in the of previous section.
Step IV: Compare the radicands of the surds
obtained in step III. The surd with
larger radicand is the larger of the
given surds.
17. Addition and Subtraction of Surds Hence LCM of 2 and 3 = 6
Now, converting each surd into the surds of order
Similar surds (surds having same irrational factor 6, we have
are called similar or like surds), for example, 2 5 ,
5 5 and 12 5 can be added to or subtracted 24  6 243  6 13824 and
from each other but unlike surds (surds having 3
200  6 (200)3  6 40000
no common irrational factors), for example, 2 ,
3 5 , 5 3 etc are cannot be added or subtracted. 24 6
13824 13824 6 216
For example,   6 
3 6 40000 625
200 40000
(i) 75  48 = 25  3  16  3
= 5 3  4 3 = (5  4) 3 = 9 3 20. Rationalising Factor
(ii) 7 5  4 5  3 5 = (7  4  3) 5 = 8 5 If the product of two surds is a rational number,
See example (i), it seems unlike surd. In such then each one of them is called the rationalising
cases, ie if the surds are unlike, reduce each of factor of the other. For example,
them to its simplest form and express each in (i) 5 is a rationalising factor of 3 5 , because
such a way that they have a common irrational
factor. 3 5 × 5 = 3 × 5 = 15, which is a rational
The following examples will illustrate the above
procedure: number. Also, 2 5 is a rationalising factor

K
18. Multiplication of Surds of 5 , because 5 × 2 5 = 2 × 5 = 10,
Surds of the same order can be multiplied which is a rational number. In fact, k 5 is
according to the following law:
n
a rationalising factor of 5 , where k is any
a  n b  n ab
non-zero rational number.
For example, 3
7  3 15  3 7  15  3 105 (ii) 32/3 is a rationalising factor of 31/3, because
If the surds to be multiplied are not of the same 32/3 × 31/3 =3(2/3 + 1/3) = 3, which is a rational
order, we first reduce them to the same order number.
and then multiply according to the above law. In monomial surds, the rationalising factor
1
For example, 3
7 2 ? of the surd n 1
a is a n . For the monomial

KUNDAN
Orders of the given surds 3 7 and 2 are 3 and 1 1
surd ka n , the rationalising factor is a1 n ,
2 re spe ctive ly. LCM of 3 and 2 = 6. Now,
converting each surd into surds of the order 6, where k is a non-zero rational number.
we have (iii) Since ( 3  2 )( 3  2 )  ( 3 )2  ( 2 )2
3
7  6 72  6 49 and 2  6 23  6 8 = 3 – 2 = 1,
 3
7  2  6 49  8  6 392
Therefore, 3  2 is a rationalising factor
19. Division of Surds
of 3  2 and vice-versa.
Surds of the same order may be divided according
to the following law: In a binomial surd of the form a  b , the
n
a na rationalising factors are a  b . If a
n

b b
binomial surd is of the form a  b , the
For example,
4 28 rationalising factors are a  b .
4 28 ÷ 3 7 =
3 7 21. Conjugate Surd
4 28 4 4 8 (i) Two binomial surds which differ only in sign
=  4  2 
3 7 3 3 3 (+ or –) between the terms connecting them,
If the surds to be divided are not of the same are called conjugate surds. For example,
order, we first reduce them to the same order a  b and a  b are conjugate binomial
and then divide according to the above law.
surds. Also, a  b and a  b are
For example, 24 ÷ 3 200 = ?
conjugate surds.
Since orders of the given surds are 2 and 3 (ii) The simple st rationalising factor of a
respectively. binomial quadratic surd is its conjugate surd.
 Exercise
1. Show that: 12. Simplify:
1
1 1

1  x b a  x c a 1  x a b  x c b 

 1.3311  1.331 2  ....  1.331 6  3

 1.1
 
 1.331  1.331  ....  1.331
2 3 7

=1  [SSC LDC (Mains) Exam–2000]
1  x b c  x a c
2. If x, y, z are positive real numbers show that: 13. Find the value of
14
1 
x 1y  y 1z  z 1x  1 0.31 3  16
 9 0.81
23

 27 
3. Show that: 0.92 3 31 2 2431 4
c [SSC UDC (Mains) Exam–1999]
x a (b c )  x b 
(i)   =1 14. If 2x  3y  12z prove that xy  z(x  2y ) .
x b (a c )  x a  [SSC UDC (Mains) Exam–1999]
(x a b )2 (x b c )2 (x c a )2 15. Simplify:
(ii) = 1
(x a x b x c )4 8 15

4. If ax = b, by = c and cz = a, prove that xyz = 1. 2 2 

 3 4 5 2 
12.12  8.12   8 
  163 4
2xz .252  .25 19.99 3  1 5
5. If ax = by = cz and b2 = ac, prove that y = . 1285  3 7

K
x z  
[SSC UDC (Mains) Exam–2000]
6
 35
2 625  1024  25
6 5

3 5 12
(  1)
16. Find the value of (1)( 1) .

 3 128

 5 2

  1251 5
 [SSC UDC (Mains) Exam–2003]
17. Find the value of
6.

10   10 
3 2 2 3

(625)6.25  (25)2.6
10   10 
2 3 3 2
(625)6.75  (5)1.2
[SSC Assistant Grade (Mains) Exam–1996] [SSC UDC (Mains) Exam–2004]
7. Find the value of 18. Find the value of
1
28  10 3   7  4 3 

KUNDAN
12 1 2
 2  8  6  24  10  40  ......  4
 5  125  15  375  25  625  .... 
7  
 [SSC LDC (Mains) Exam–2001]
16  6 7  16  6 7
19. Express the following as a rational number of
[SSC Assistant Grade (Mains) Exam–1997]
4
1
8. Find the value of p  1  1

9 10 the form q :  6   (4) 
272 3   22 3 5 3    
  [SSC LDC (Mains) Exam–2001]
[SSC Assistant Grade (Mains) Exam–1997]
20. Find the value of 160.16  20.36 .
9. Simplify: [SSC UDC (Mains) Exam–2003]
 1 1 1 1 1 1 
21. Simplify:
 30  42  56  72  90  110 
  4 4
 1  1
13 1   1   1
 1.2.4  2.4.8  3.6.12  ....  1 1 1 1 1   3  3
   3  15  35  63  99   2 2
1.3.9  2.6.18  3.9.27  ....     1  1
1   1   1
[SSC Assistant Grade (Mains) Exam–1997]  3  3
[SSC Assistant Grade (Mains) Exam–2000]
10. Given that 100.48  x , 100.7  y and x z  y 2 .
22. Simplify:
Find the value of z.
[SSC Assistant Grade (Mains) Exam–1997] 3 5 7 17 19 
11. Find the value of  4  36  144  ...  5184  8100 
 
13 14
 1.2.4  2.4.8  3.6.12  ....   2  8  8  32  18  72  ... 
1.3.9  2.6.18  3.9.27  ...   
   1  16  81  ... 
[SSC LDC (Mains) Exam–1999] [SSC Assistant Grade (Mains) Exam–2000]
23. Find the value of 35. Simplify:
14 4 3 0.289 24  216
93  162  1 
  0.00121

96
6  27 
[SSC UDC (Mains) Exam–2001]
[SSC Section Officers’ (Audit) Exam–1997
36. Simplify:
24. Find the value of 5 5 5... . 19  8 3
74 3
25. If x  5  5  5  ... and [SSC UDC (Mains) Exam–2004]
37. Find the value of
2
y  5  5  5  ... then make the relation 1  2 
43  12 7   
between x and y.  2 3 5
16  6 7  
26. Find the value of 38. Simplify:

491 2  5120.25  81 4  7292 3  644 3 2 3

 1252 3  32    3 2 2 3
[SSC UDC (Mains) Exam–2003;
27. Simplify: SSC LDC (Mains) Exam–2007]

K
4 3 30 18 5 3 5 3
  39. If x  , y , find the value of
2 2 4 3  18 32 3 5 3 5 3
[SSC Section Officers’ (Audit) Exam–1997] x 2  xy  y 2
(i) (ii) 3x 2  5xy  3y 2
28. Show that x 2  xy  y 2
1 3 4 40. Find rational numbe rs a and b, such that
 
11  2 30 7  2 10 84 3 43 5
 a b 5 .
[SSC Section Officers’ (Audit) Exam–1997] 43 5
29. Simplify:
5 1 5 1
41. If a and b , the n find
 3  38 74 3 5 1 5 1


KUNDAN
30. Simplify:


31. Find the value of


26  15 3


 6  4 3  16  8 3 

[SSC LDC (Mains) Exam–1999]

[SSC LDC (Mains) Exam–2000]

2

10  18
8 3  5 
a 2  ab  b 2
a 2  ab  b 2

42. If x 
.

2 1
2 1

x 2  xy  y 2  35 .
,
[SSC Tax Assistant Exam–2006]

y
2 1
2 1
, show that

5 2  38  5 3  3 2 3 2
43. If x  and y  , find the value
[SSC UDC (Mains) Exam–1999] 3 2 3 2
32. Simplify: of
4 7 (i) x 2  xy  y 2 (ii) x 3  y 3

83 7 2 2 3 2
[SSC Assistant Grade (Mains) Exam–1999] 44. Find the square root of correct up to
3 2
33. Find the value of 28  10 3    7  4 3 
12 1 2 three places of decimal.
[SSC Section Officers’ Audit Exam–2005]
[SSC UDC (Mains) Exam–2000]
45. Find the value of
1 1

34. If x =
3
, find the value of
1 x  1 x
1 x  1 x
. 52  14 3   7  4 3 
2

2
2
5
[SSC Assistant Grade (Mains) Exam–2001] 
14  6 5  14  6 5
46. Find the value of 57. Find the simplified form of (16)0.15 × (2)0.4.
1 1 [SSC Selection Officers’ (Audit) Exam–2007]
11  6 2   6  4 2 
2

2
58. Express each of the following as a pure surd:
5 (i) 2 3 (ii) 2 3
 4
21  8 5  21  8 5
3 3
47. If a and b are two positive inte ge rs and (iii) 32 (iv) 8
4 4
ab  125 the n find the simple st value of 59. Express each of the following as mixed surds in
 a  b a b 4  a  b a b  4  its simplest form:

(i) (ii) (iii)
a  b a b   a  b a b   .
4 3 3
 1280 256 189

60. Convert 3 into a surd of order 6.
48. Find the difference between the square roots of
2  3  and  5  2 . 61. Convert 2 into a surd of order 8.
2  3   5  2 62. Convert 3
4 into a surd of order 6.
 6 5 63. Express 2 3 4 as a pure surd of order 6.
 
49. What is the sum of the square roots of  
 6 5 3
64. Express 8 as pure surd of order 4.
32 2 2
 

K
and  .
3 2 2  65. Convert 3 and 4 6
2 into surds of the same but
50. Prove that smallest order.
1 1 1 1 66. Convert 3 and 3
4 into surds of same but
   ...  2
1 2 2 3 3 4 8 9 smallest order.
51. Prove that 5
67. Express 4
2, 3
3, 42 as surds of the same
1 1 1
  order.
3 8 8 7 7 6
68. Which surd is larger 3
26 or 3 35 ?
1 1
  5 69. Arrange the following surds in ascending order of
6 5 5 2
magnitude:

KUNDAN
52. Find the sum: 4 4 4
24, 12, 39
1 1 1
3  
3 4
3 3 3 3 3 70. Which surd is larger 3 or 5?
[SSC Tax Assistant Exam–2007]
1/2 1/3
53. Find the value of  1  2
71. Which is greater   or   ?
2  2  3
43  12 7 
16  6 7 72. Arrange the following surds in ascending order of
[SSC UDC (Mains) Exam–2007] magnitude:
3 6
54. Simplyfy: 5, 9, 105
1 73. Arrange the following surds in descending order
 (1.331)1  (1.331) 2  ...  (1.331) 6  3 of magnitude:
 2 3 7 
 (1.331)  (1.331)  ...  (1.331)  3
2, 6
3, 9
4
[SSC UDC (Mains) Exam–2007]
74. Simplify by combining similar terms
3
55. If a  , find the value of 1 a  1 a . 50 – 98 + 162
2
[SSC LDC (Mains) Exam–2007] 75. Simplify:
1

3 252 – 5 6 + 294 – 3
5 2  5 2 3 6
56. If x    6 27  6  . Find
 4 76. Simplify by combining similar terms
5 1  
23 4 + 7 3 32 – 3 500
the value of x.
[SSC Assistant Grade (Mains) Exam–2007]
 Answers and explanations
1. We have, = a
1 1
 axyz = a1
 or, xyz = 1.
1  x b a  x c a 1  x a b  x c b 5. Let ax = by = cz = k. Then,
a = k1/x, b = k1/y and c = k1/z

 Now, b 2 = ac
1  x b c  x a c
[Multiplying Nr and Dr of three terms or, k 1/ y   2
 k 1/ x  k 1/ z or, k 2 /y  k1 x 1 z
by xa, xb and xc respectively]
2 1 1 2 x z
xa xb or, y  x  z or, y  xz
= 
x a  x b a a  x c a a x b  x a b b  x c b b
2xz
or, y =
xc x z

x c  x b c c  x a c c
a b c 6.
62 625   1024   25  
35 6 5 3512

x x x
  128 
  5 2 15
  125 
  3
=
x a  xb  xc x b  x a  xc x c  xb  x a  

=
x a  xb  x c
= 1. 
10   10 
3 2 2 3

x a  xb  x c 10   10 
2 3 3 2

K
2. We have,
12
y

z

x

21 6  54
35
 210     
6 5
 52
3 5
 106  106
x 1y  y 1z  z 1x = x y z   
5 2
106  106
1/ 2 1/ 2 1/ 2
 7 1 3
 2     
 53
15

y  z  x
=      
y 
x z 
 


21 6 512 5  260 5  56 5 
12

1

=
y 1/ 2

z 1/ 2

x 1/ 2
= 1
2  7 3 5 2
5 35 1
x 1/ 2 y1 / 2 z 1/ 2

21 6 512 5  6 5  212 
12

KUNDAN
c   35 6 35
1
a (b c ) x b 
x x ab ac 2 5
3. (i)
x b (a c )
 a
x

 =
x ba bc
 x b a c

 


21 6 56 5  2 12 
12

(ab ac ) (ba bc )

1 2 35 6  5 3 5
= x (b  a )c
x

ab ac ba bc 1 

21 6 56 5    2  12 12 1 2

= x  2 35 6  53 5
x bc ac

= x ac bc  x ac bc 21 6  53 5  26


2 35 6  53 5
= x ac bc ac bc  x 0  1 .
 21 6 35 66  53 5 3 5
a b 2 b c 2 c a 2
(x ) (x ) (x )
(ii)  20  50  1  1  1
(x a x b x c )4

x 2 (a b )  x 2 (b c )  x 2 (c a )
7. First term = 28  10 3   12

=
( x a )4 (x b )4 ( x c )4 
 25  3  2.5. 3 
12

x 2a  2b  x 2b  2c  x 2c  2a 12
=
x 4a  x 4b  x 4c

 5 2 

 3   2.5. 3 
2

x 4a  4b  4c 12
=
x 4a  4b  4c
= 1. 

2
 5  3 
 
  5 3
4. We have, axyz = (ax)yz
= (b)yz
= (by)z
[  ax = b] Second term = 7  4 3   1 2

= cz [  by = c]

 4  3  2.2 3  1 2
 1 2  1 1 1 1 1 1 

  22 

 3 2 
 2.2 3 

9.  30  42  56  72  90  110 
 

1 2 13

 2
 2 3 
 
 
 2 3 1  1.2.4  2.4.8  3.6.12  ... 
 
1.3.9  2.6.18  3.9.27  ... 

1 2 3 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
    2 3 =             
2 3 2 3 43  5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 11 
13
Third term 
7  
 8 13  23  33  ... 
 
16  6 7  16  6 7 3

3 3
 27 1  2  3  ...  
7 13
 1 1   8  6 2 128
=     =  
9  7  2.3 7  9  7  2.3. 7  5 11   27  55 3 165

10. 100.48  x and 100.7  y

7

32    32    and x z  y 2
2 2
7  2.3 7  7  2.3 7

10   10 
0.48 z 0.7 2

K
7

 100.48z  100.72
3  7  2
 3  7  2

 0.48  z  0.7  2
7 0.7  2
 z 
3  7   3  7  0.48

7 7 1 35 11
   or, z  2
2 12 12
3 7 3 7 2 7
11. The given expression
Putt ing the v alue of all t he t er ms in t he giv en
expression, we get 13
 1.2.4  2.4.8  3.6.12  .... 
=  
5  3   2  3  12 1.3.9  2.6.18  3.9.27  .... 

8.
 3
KUNDAN
 5 3 2 3 

2

1
2
1 6 1 7
2

2

272 3  22 3 

5 3 

9 10

9 10
12.
 8 (1  8  27  ......) 
= 

 8 
=  27 
 
13   2 3 
   
 3  
 

 1.3311  1.331 2 
 
3

 27 (1  8  27  ......)

13

6
13

2
3

 

1
3

 27 
2 3 

  2 2 3


5 3 
 

 1.331  ....  1.331  
  1.1
 1.331 2  1.331 3   
 
 33  2 3

 2 2 3 5 3  9 10
 1.331 4  ....  1.331 7  
 

 3 6 3  210 9  
9 10

(1.331)1  (1.331)2  
3 2
2 10 99 10  
(1.331) 3  ...  (1.331)6 

1 (1.331)1  (1.331) 2  
  21 (1.331)1 
3 2 
(1.331)3  ...  (1.331)6 
1 1 9  2 11
   
9 2 18 18
 Same way, taking the other two numbers, we get
13
 1.3311  1.331 2   3  k 1 y and 12  k1 z
1.331 
  ...  1.331 6    12  22  3
    1.1
 1.3311  1.331 2  
 
  ...  1.331 6
 
 
 k1 z  k1 x   k 2 1y


 k1 z  k 2 x  k 1 y  k 2 x 1 y
 1.3311 3  1.1 Comparing the powers of k on both sides, we have

 1.1  1.1  1 1 2 1 2y  x
  
z x y xy
14
1 
0.31 3   91 6 0.812 3 1 2y  x
13.  27  
23 1 2 1 4 z xy
0.9 3 243 
 it is proved that xy = z x  2y 
13 14 23
 3   1 
    3 
81 
  
2 1 6
8 15

12.122  8.122  8 

10   33  100   3 4 5 2 
  
  163 4
23
 9 
  3
1 2 5 1 4
3   15. .252  .25 19.99 1 5
 10   3 
 128 


5 3 7 



K
31 3 1
 3 4  32 6 
34   23

12.12  8.1212.12  8.12  815 8   

8 15 34
10 13
3 10 2   23  24
 
23 .25 .25  19.99  3 7
1 5
 9 
 
 10 
31 2 3 
5 1 4
3  

  27
5 
 
   

31 3 1 38 3
  31 3  20.24  4 8 1  23
13 34
10 4 3  
 10 3 .25  20.24 1 5
34 3
23
 3 1 2  3 5 4
3
 2
  35

3 7

10

KUNDAN

31 3

1
 31 3 
38 3

102 3
 16 
2 
3 1
 23
13 34 43 43 1 2 5 4
10 3 10 3 3 3 3
2 353 7 1 5
1 3 1 3  8 3  3 4  4 3  5 4 1 2 2 3 1 3  4 3
3  10
23  23 1 9
 4  4  = 4.5
3 3
2 2 2
 1 1 8 3 4 5 1
 3  3  3  4  3  4  2
 ( 1) 1 1 1
4  4  32  9  16  15  16 16. (1)( 1)  1
   1
 1 1
12 ( 1)(1)
(1)1
61  25 36
  3
12 12
2 1 4 2 1  4 
6256.25  252.6 
5  4 6.25
 52   2.6

and     1 17.

3 3 3 3 
6256.75  51.2 5 4 6.75
 5 
1.2

525  55.2 5 30.2

3 1 27 = =
 3  10   2.7 527  51.2 5 28.2
10
14. 2x  3y  12z  530.228.2   52  25 .
1
Let 2x  3y  12z  k
 2  8  6  24  10  40  ......  4
Solving 18.  5  125  15  375  25  625  .... 
 
2x  k
1

 
or, 2x
1x
 k1 x  2  23  2  3  23  3  2  5  23  5  ...... 4
= 3 3 3

 5  5  5  3  5  3  5  5  5  5  .... 
or, 2 = k1 x
 1
 4  8  4  4 
 24  24  32  24  52  ...... 4       1
=  4  3 3
4 2 4 2
 5  5  3  5  5  ....  1 10      1
   2

2 11  4 2 
4 4 4
1         1
3
   3  3

 24 1  32  52  ......  4
=  4 
 

2 2
 5 1  3  5  ....  
 4 4  4  2   4  4  4 2 
1 1       1       1
4 4 4
1
5 3
  3
    3 3
  
 2 4  4  2  2 4 2    
  4         11 2  4 2 
 5   5 5 4 4 4
 5            1
3
   3  3 
4
   4
 1   1  
 6 
1 
 4  4  4 2 
19.  1  (4)    4        1  256 16 
 6   3 3  81  9  1
5  
    5  
4 4   2
 
 3  2  16 11 4 11 16
       9
 2  3 81 3
2 0 . 160.16  20.36  24   0.16
 20.36

K
193
5 256  144  81 81 5
 81
0.64 0.36 0.64  0.36
2 2 2 2   
11 16 11 16
21. The given expression
9 9
4 4
 1  1 5 193 5  144  193  11 2843
1   1   1    
1 1 1 1 1   3  3
      11 144 11  144 1584
 3 15 35 63 99   1 2  1   2
1   1   1 3 5 7 17 19 
 3  3 22.     ...  
 4 36 144 5184 8100 
1 2 2 2 2 2 
=     14
2 1  3 3  5 5  7 7  9 9  11   2  8  8  32  18  72  ... 

1  16  81  ... 
 

KUNDAN
4 4
4 4
     1
 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 
 2 2  2  2  2  2  2  2
4 4 1 2 2 3 3 4
     1  
3 3  1 1 1 1 
  ...     
 82 92 92 10 2 
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 
=         
2 1 3 3 5 5 7 7 9 9 11  14
 2  81  16  81 ... 
 4  8  4  4  4   
      1
4
   1  16  81  ... 
 3  3  3
 1 1  1 
 4  4  4 2
      1
 4
2
 1 10 

  2  2   2  8 1 4  1 
 100
  2  23

14
 
 
 3  3  3

 4  8  4  4 

99
100
 24 
14

99
100
 241 4
      1
1 1 1    3   3   99 99  200 299
      2    2.99
2 1 11  4 100 100 100
4
 
3 14 4 3

4
2
23. 93  162  1 
 
  6  27 
 3
 4  4  4  2
      1

 32 3

2 
414
 1
  3


4 3

 3  3  2  3 2
3 
 36  24 4  1 3 6  2 3 4
1
  78 4  81 7  8  81 567
2 2  3 2  33  4 3 2 2  3  2  3  4   
25  256 25  256 800
 36 2 4  21 2  30  23
4 3 30 18
 
 1  23  8 27.
2 2 4 3  18 32 3

24. Let x  5 5 5... 4 3 2 2 30 3 2 32 3

    
Squaring both sides, we get 2 2 2 2 4 3 3 2 32 3 32 3

x 2  5 5 5 ... 8 34 6 30 4 3 3 2 9 2 6 6
   
or, x 2  5x 2 2
  2 2
4 3 3 2 4 3 3 2 32  2 3 
2

or, x 2  5x  0

8 3 4 6

30 4 3  3 2


33 2 2 6   
or, x (x  5)  0 2 2
4 3  3 2
2
   
3
 x = 0
30 4 3  3 2 
or, x  5  0 
 4 3 2 6   3 2  2 6 
30
 x 5
 required answer = 5.  4 3 2 6   4 3  3 2   3 2  2 6 

K
25. x  5  5  5  ...  4 3 2 6 4 3 3 2 3 2 2 6

Squaring both sides, we get 4 6

x 2  5  5  5  ... 1 3 4
 
28.
or, x 2  5  x .... (i) 11  2 30 7  2 10 84 3

1 3
or, y  5  5  5  ...  

Squaring both sides, we get

 6   5 2 6 
2 2
5  2   5  2 2 
2 2
5

y 2  5  5  5  .... 4


KUNDAN
or, y 2  5  y .... (ii)  6   2  2
2 2
6 2
From equations (i) and (ii), 1 3 4
  
2
x y  x y 2
 6  5 2
 5  2 2
 6  2 2

 
or, x 2  y 2  x  y   0

1

3

4
or, x  y x  y   x  y  = 0 6 5 5 2 6 2

or, x  y x  y  1  0 1 6 5 3
  
When x  y  0 then x  y 6 5 6 5 5 2
when x  y  1  0
5 2 4 6 2
 x  y 1   
5 2 6 2 6 2
26. The given expression

49 1 2  512 0.25  81 4  729 2 3  64 4 3 

6 5 3 5 2
 
4 6 2    
 65 52 62
 125 2 3  32   3 2
  6  5   5  2   6  2 

7  212
 512 1 4  81 4  93   23
 
 43
43

 6 5 5 2 6 2 0
2
 5  3 23 1
     3 2
3
29.  3  38 74 3


7  83   14
 81 4  92  44
 5 2  1  9
9   3  3  8 22   3 2
 2 2 3
 62 5 5 1 2 5
  3  38 2 3  
2

2

2

  3  382 3    5   1  2 1 
2
5

2
  3  3  16  8 3


 5  1 2

5 1
  3  19  8 3
2 2
The given expression
42   
2
  3 3  2 4 3
26  15 3 10  18
 2

  5 1
  3 4  3  2
5 2  5 3  1 
 2 
8
2

  3 4 3


2 26  15 3  2  10  18 
 4 2 10  5 3  1 4  5  1 2

2  2 5  9

K
  52  30 3
30.  6  4 3  16  8 3   
 
81  75  90 3 3 5



6  4 3  2 3  2 
 22  2  2 3  2  
52  30 3   23  5 
  
3 52  30 3  3  5 
1 1
 2  2  2
 6  4 3 

2 3 2 

  3 3

4 7
 6  4 3 2 3 2  32.
83 7 2 2

KUNDAN
 42 3   3 2
 12  2  3  1
4 7 
82 7

 7 2
 12  2  7  1
  3  1 2
 3 1 2 2

26  15 3

10  18

 7  1 2

7 1
31.  
5 2  38  5 3 
2
8 3  5  2 2
  Similarly,

First of all, we will solve 38  5 3 16  6 7

83 7 
2
2 76  10 3
38  5 3  
2 2

 7 2
 (3)2  2  3  7
2
75  1  10 3

2

7 3

 7  3 2


5 3  2
 12  2  5 3  1
2 2

2  The given expression becomes

7 1 7 1

5 3 1 
2

5 3 1

2

2
1
2 2 7 3 7 1
2 2
2 2
2
Now, 3 5  3 5 
2
33. 28  10 3   7  4 3 
12 1 2
 
 28  10 3   7  4 3 
12 1 2

170 2  6 170
11

4

11
2 
192
11
 17
5
11
12 1 2

 5 2 

 3 2 
 25 3


 22 

 3
2 
 2 2 3

36. The given equation

42    2
19  8 3 3  2 4 3
12 1 2 
    22   3
 2  2 2
 5 3   2 3  74 3  2 2 3
   

  
 5 3  2 3
1

4  3  2

 5  3  
1 2  3  2

2 3
4 3 4 3 2 3
  
1 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3
 5 3  
2 3 2 3

4  3 2  3   11  6
3
2 3 43
 5 3 
43 = 11 + 6 × 1.732  21.3926
37. The given expression
 5 3 2 3  3
2
 1 2 

K
3  43  12 7   
35. Giv en x  , we have t o f ind t he v alue of  
2 16  6 7  2  3  5 

1 x  1 x
62    1
2
 7  2 6 7 
1 x  1 x 2
3   7
2
 2 3 7


 1  x  1  x  1  x  1 x 
 1  x  1  x  1  x  1 x  

2

 2  3  5 
2


  2  3  5  2  3  5 

 1 x  1 x  2

 1 x    1 x 
2 2

  
2

6  7  2 1  2 2 3 5 

KUNDAN
   2
1 x 1 x  2 1 x2 3  7  2
 2
 2 3  5 
    

1 x 1 x
2
 2  6  10 
1
 
21  1  x 2   6 7   
2  2 1  x2    1 1 x
2 3  7  2  3  2 6  5 
 
2x 2x x
2
1 3 7  2  6  10 
3  6 7    
Now putting the value of x  , we have 3 7 3  7  2 6 
2 

3 1 3 3 7 4  6  10  2 60  4 6  4 10
1 1 1  6 7  

4
 2  2  3 2
3   7 2 24
3 3 3
2 2 2 3  7 20  4 15  4 6  4 10
 6 7  
97 24
0.289 24  216
35.  3  7 5  15  6  10
0.00121 96  6 7  
2 6
28900 24  216
  36  6 7  9  3 7  5  15  6  10
121 96 
6


170

6  4 36  
1

50  6  9 7  10  15 
11 6  16 6
 2 3 2  3 2  3 
38.
2 3

2  3 2  3  =
 5  1   5  1
2 2

434 3 74 3
 5   1 2 2

 
22   3 
2 43 . 5 1 2 5  5 1 2 5 12
= = = 3
5 1 4
 74 3
5 1 5 1
ab =  = 1
5 3 5 3 5 1 5 1
39. x y  
5 3 5 3 Now,


 5  3   5  3
2 2 a 2  ab  b 2
2 2

(a  b )2  ab
53 a  ab  b (a  b )2  3ab

5  3  2 15  5  3  2 15 (3)2  1 9 1 8 4
 =   
2 (3)2  3 93 6 3

16
 8 42. We have,
2
2 1 2 1

K
5 3 5 3 x+ y = 
xy   1 2 1 2 1
5 3 5 3

x 2  xy  y 2

x  y 2  xy
=
 2  1   2  1
2 2

(i)
x 2  xy  y 2 x  y 2  3xy  2   1 2 2


8 2  1 
64  1 63

2 1 2 2  2 1 2 2
= = 6
8 2  3 64  3 61 2 1

(ii) 3x 2  5xy  3y 2 2 1 2 1
ab =  = 1
2 1 2 1
 3x 2  6xy  3y 2  11xy
Now,

KUNDAN
 2
 3 x  2xy  y 2
  11xy x 2  xy  y 2 = (x  y )2  xy
 3x  y 2  11xy  38 2  111 = (6)2 – 1 = 36 – 1 = 35

 3  64  11  192  11  181 3 2 3 2
43. x + y = 
3 2 3 2
43 5 43 5 43 5
40.  
43 5 43 5 43 5

 3  2   3  2
2 2


4  3 5  2

16  45  24 5  3   2
2 2

4  3 5 
2 2 16  45
322 6 322 6
 = 10
61  24 5 61 24 32
   5
 29 29 29
3 2 3 2
xy =  = 1
43 5 3 2 3 2
  a b 5
43 5
(i) x 2  xy  y 2 = (x  y )2  xy
61 24 = (10)2 – 1 = 100 – 1 = 99
  5  a b 5
29 29

(ii) x 3  y 3  
= (x  y ) x 2  xy  y 2 
61 24
a   and b   . = (x  y ) (x  y )  3xy  2
29 29
= 10 (10 )  3  1
2
5 1 5 1
41. a + b =  = 970
5 1 5 1
3 2 3 2 3 2
44. Expression = = 
3 2 3 2 3 2
 (On rationalizing the denominator)


2
 
 3  5  14  6 5 and 

 3  2   3  2   3  2
2 2
2
  2
 
 3 - 5  14  6 5 
 3   2 3  2
2 2

Now, according to the question, 5  3  5   3  5 


3  5   3  5  3  5   3  5 
3 2
3 2
  3  2 2
 3 2
 
2
 a  a 
= 1.7320 + 1.4142
= 3.1462 = 3.146
1 

5  3 5 3 5 
45. First term  52  14 3  
2 3  5 3 5 3 5 3 5  
1
5 6 1

 49  3  2  7  3 
2 
2 5  6  2
Putting in the form of a 2
 b 2  2ab  Now, the given expression
1 1 1

 7 3   
22 
= 52  14 3   7  4 3 
2 2

 
5
 a  b   

K
2
 a 2  b 2  2ab
14  6 5  14  6 5
1
 7  3   7  3 
2
2 1 1
 7 3  
2 3 2
1
Second term = 7  4 3 

2


 
22 3 7 3 22 3 
 4  3  2  2  3 

1
2

22 3 
[Putting in the form of a 2  b 2  2ab ] 22  10 3  2  2  3

1

22 3

 2
  2
22  11 3 112  3 

KUNDAN
 2 3 
   
22  3  22  3 
 a  b 2
 a 2  b 2  2ab  11
1
  5.5
2
 
 2 3
2 
2
1

 2  3 
1

1 46. First term = 11  6 2   2

2  3  1
1
[Change the negative into the positive] 
 9  2  2 3 2 
2 
 2 2
 3 2 
 

5
Third term =
   a  b  2
 a 2  b 2  2ab 
 14  6 5  14  6 5 
  1

 3 2  2
2 
 3 2 
 
5   14  6 5  14  6 5  1
   Second term  6  4 2  

2
   
 14  6 5  14  6 5    14  6 5  14  6 5  1
   

 4  2  2 2 2 

2

 1
2
2
5 3 5  3 5 
 
    

2
 2 2  

2
 a  b  2
 a 2  b 2  2ab 
  
 2 
 2 2

 3 5  3 5 3 5  3 5       
2
1
    
 2 2  2 
2  2 2    2 1 2 
1
 5 24
Third term   24  82 
21  8 5  21  8 5 82
 
5   21  8 5  21  8 5   24  82
  

    
 21  8 5  21  8 5   21  8 5  21  8 5 
 24  23   2
 24  26
   
1

 
 210  210   2

5   21  8 5  21  8 5 
1
   10
2 2 2 2  25
   
 21  8 5    21  8 5  Now,
   
Denominator = a  ba b   a  b a b 
 
5   21  8 5  21  8 5  Now, putting the vaue of a = 5 and b = 3, we have
  
 21  8 5    21  8 5 
   
 5  35 3   5  35 3
   
 82  82  8  82

K
5  4  5  4  5 

 

5 8

1  83  23   3
 29
16 5 16  5 2 Now the given expression
Now, the given expression

a  b a b  4  a  b a b  4  25
1 1  

 11  6 2   6  4 2 
2

2

 a  b a b  a  b a b   29

5
 1
 25  9  24 
21  8 5  21  8 5 24

1

 3 2   2 1 2   12 
16

 

KUNDAN
2 2  2  3  2   2  2  2




2 2  2 


12  4 2  6 2  4  2  2  2

 

2 2  2 

 
48.
2 3
2 3


2  3 2  3 

2   3 
2

2  3 2  3 
2  3   2  3   2  3 
43

2 3 

2


2

 2  3   2  3  2  3 
1
2


2


82 2  2 83 2  Square root of  2  3   2  3
   
 
2 2  2  2 2  2 
     5  2   5  1
5 2

47. b
 a  125
Similarly,
 5  2  5  2
5 2

 a b  53

 5  2   5  2 2 2

 a = 5 and b = 3
 5   2 5  4
2 2

Numerator = a  b  a b  4
 a  b a b  4 


 5  2   5  2 2
2

 5  35 3 4   5  35 3 4  1
[Here, we have put a = 5 and b = 3]
  5  2   5  2 
 5 2 1 1 3 8 3 8
 Square root =
5 2
=  5  2 51. 3 8

3 8

3 8

32   8 
2

Now, difference of square roots

3 8 3 8

 2 3    5  2 
98

1
 3 8

 2 3  5 2  4 3  5
1 1 8 7
 
 4  1.7  2.2 8 7 8 7 8 7
 5.7  2.2  3.5
8 7 8 7
 6  5  6  5   
6 5 
 



  8   7
2 2 87
49. 6 5  6  5  6  5 
   8 7
     8 7
1
2
 6  5
  1 1 7 6 7 6
     
  
2
 6  5

2 7 6 7 6 7 6  7   6
2 2

   
7 6 7 6
   7 6
6  5  2 6  5 76 1

K

65
1 1 6 5 6 5
  

11  2 30
1
 11  2  5.4 6 5 6 5 6 5  6   5
2 2

 11  10.8  .2 6 5 6 5
   6 5
65 1
6 5
 Square root of  .2 = .44
6 5 1 1 5 2 5 2
  
5 2 5 2 5 2 54
 3  2 2  3  2 2 

32 2  
   

5 2
 5 2
Similarly, 3  2 2  3  2 2  3  2 2  1

KUNDAN
  
  
 LHS = 3  8     8  7   7  6 
2
  6  5    5  2
3  2 2 
  9  8  232 2
  
2

98

2 
3  2 2 



 3 8  8  7  7  6  6  5  5 2
 3  2  5.
17  12 2 1 1 1
  17  12 2
1 52. Expression = 3   
3 3 3 3 3
 17  12  1.4  17  16.8  0.2
3  3   3  3 
1    
32 2
 Square root of  2 = 0.44 3    
32 2 = 3 3  3  3  3 
  
  
Now, the sum of the two square roots
= 0.44  0.44  0.88
1 2 3
50. By r ationalizing each t er m, we have t he giv en = 3 
93
expression 3

1 2 2 3 3 4 8 9 1 2 3
    ...  = 3 
1 2 23 34 89 3 6

 1  2  2  3  3  4  ...  8  9 1 1
= 3  = 3
 1  9  1  3  2. 3 3
 2 1
43  12 7   3 1 1
53. Expression = 1
16  6 7 =    (1.331) 3  (1.1)3  3
 (1.331)1   

First term = 43  12 7 1
3
3
= (1.1) = 101
= 43  2  6  7
55. Let x = 1a  1a

= Squaring both sides,

36  7  2  6  7
2
 
2
x2 =  1  a  1  a 
 
= 62   7   2  6  7
 
  
= 1 a 1a  2  1 a   1a 
  
2
6  7 
=   = 1 2 1  a2
 

  3 1
= 6  7  = 2  2 1  2  2
  4 2

2 = 2 + 1 = 3

K
Second term =
 x= 3
16  6 7 56. For the sake of convenience, we solve the question
parturise.
2 Let the first term by y.
= 9  7  23 7
5 2  5 2
 y=
2 5 1
2
= (3)2   7   2  3  7 Solving on both sides,
 
2
 
 5 2  5 2 
2 2  
y = 

KUNDAN
3  7 
2  5 1 
=    
 
2 2
       
2   3  7   5  2    5  2   2  5  2    5  2 
2          
 2
= 3 7  3  7  3  7  =  
    5  1 
  
 
[Rationalising the denominator]

2  3  7  5  2  5  2  2  5  2   5  2 
=    3  7    
  =
97  
5 1
   
 Expression =  6  7    3  7  2
2 5  2   5   (2)2
= 6 7 3 7 = 3 =  

54. See the solution of Q.No. 12. 5 1

Given expression
2 5 2 54 2 5 2
1
= 
 (1.331)  (1.331)  ...  (1.331)
1 2 6 3 5 1 5 1
=  
 (1.331) 2  (1.331) 3  ...  (1.331) 7 
2  5  2 
 
1
= = 2
5 1
 (1.331)1  (1.331) 2  ...  (1.331) 6 3
=  1 1 2 6

 (1.331)  {(1.331)  (1.331)  ...  (1.331) }   y= 2
 60. We have,
2
 3  n = order of the given surd = 2
6
Again, second term =  27  6  m = order of the new surd = 6.
4
 
m 6
k =  3
2 n 2
2  3 
 24   6 3 3
6 3 Hence, 3  6 33  6 27
=  3  =  (3)  2 
4   
    61. We have,
n = order of the given surd = 2
2
 2 m = order of the new surd = 8
 3 3  
2
  3
=  3 =  3  1  
2     2 m 8
  4.
   k =
n 2
2
23 1 3 Hence,
= 3   = 3 = 2  8 24  8 16 .

 2  4 4
62. We have,
 Given expression
n = order of the given surd = 3
3 m = order of the new surd = 6
5 2  5 2  3
  6 27  6  m 6
=  4 k =  2
5 1   n 3
Hence, 3
4  6 42  6 16 .

K
 3   4 2  3 
 
=  2  4   4  63. First we shall convert the given surd into a pure
    surd.
57. Given expression = (16) 0.15 × (2) 0.4 We have,

= (24 )0.15  (2)0.4 23 4  (23 )1/3  41/3  (23  4)1/3  3 32

= (2)0.60 × (2)0.40 Now, n = order of the given surd = 3
= (2)0.60 + 0.40 m = order of the new surd = 6
= (2)1.00 m 6
= 2 k =  2
n 3
58. (i) 2 3  2  31/2
Hence, 2 3 4  3 32  6 322  6 1024
= (22 )1/2  31/2  41/2  31/2

KUNDAN
64. We have,
1/2 1/2
= (4  3)  12  12 2 2
3  3  3
3 1/3
8     8     8  18
(ii) 2 4  2  4 2  2  2

= (23 )1/3  41/3  81 3  41/3 Now, n = order of the given surd = 2

m = order of the required surd = 4
= (8  4)1/3  (32)1/3  3 32
m 4
k =  2
2 2 n 2
3  3  3
(iii) 32     32     32
4  4  4 Hence, 18  4 182  4 324
65. We have,
9
=  32  18 nl = order of the surd 4
34
16
n2 = order of the surd
6
26
2 2
3  3  3 9 9  n = LCM of 4 and 6 = 12
(iv) 8   8    8 = 8 
4  4  4 16 2 n 12 n 12
Now, m1  n  4  3 and m 2  n  6  2
1 2
59. (i) 4
1280  4
256  5  4 256  4 5
= 4
44  4 5  44 5  4
3  12 33  12 27 and 6
2  12 22  12 4

( i i) 3
256  3
64  4  3 64  3 4 Hence, the required surds are 12
27 and 12
4.

= 3 66. We have,
43  3 4  43 4
n1 = order of the surd 3 = 2.
(iii) 3
189  3 27  7  3 33  7
n2 = order of the surd
3
4 = 3.
= 3
33  3 7  3 3 7  n = LCM of 2 and 3 = 6.
 n 6 n 6 72. The given surds are 5, 3 9, 6 105 . The orders of
Now, m1    3 and m 2   2
n1 2 n2 3 these surds are 2, 3 and 6 respectively. LCM of 2, 3,
6 is 6. So, we convert each surd into a surd of
Hence, 3  6 33  6 27 and 3
4  6 42  6 16 order 6.
Thus, the required surds are 6
27 and 6
16 . Now, 5  6 53  6 125 , 3
9  6 92  6 81 and 6
105 is
67. We have, a surd of order 6.
Since 81 < 105 < 125
n1 = order of the surd 4
2 = 4
6
 81  6 105  6 125  3
9  6 105  5 .
n2 = order of the surd 3
3 = 3 and
73. The given surds are of orders 3, 6 and 9 respectively.
n3 = order of the surd 42 = 5 5
The LCM of 3, 6 and 9 is 18. So, we convert each
 n = LCM of (4, 3, 5) = 60 surd into a surd of order 18.
n 60 n 60 Now, 3
2  18 26  18 64 , 6
3  18 33  18 27 and
Now, m1  n  4  15 , m 2  n  3  20 and
1 2 9
4  18 42  18 16
n 60 Since, 64 > 27 > 16. Therefore,
m3    12
n3 5 9
64  18 27  18 16  3 2  6 3  4 .
18

12
74. Reducing each term in the given expression to its
 4 2  60 215 , 3 3  60
320 and
5
42  60 42    60
424 . simplest form, we get

K
Hence, t he r equir ed sur ds are 50  2  25  2  52  5 2
60
215 , 60
320
and 98  2  49  2  72  7 2
60
424 .
68. The given surds are of the same order and their 162  2  81  2  92  9 2
radicands are 26 and 35 respectively.  50  98  162
 35 > 26  3 35  3 26 . = 5 2 7 2 9 2
69. Given surds are of the same order. So, to arrange
t hem in ascending or der , we ar r ange t hem in = (5 – 7 + 9) 2 = 7 2
ascending order of their radicands.
75. Reducing each term to its simplest form, we get
4
12  4 24  4 39

252  4  63  497
70. The orders of the given surds are 3 and 4 respectively.

KUNDAN
Now, LCM of 3 and 4 = 12.  2  3  7  6 7  22  32  7  6 7
2 2

So, we convert each surd into a surd of order 12.

 2  3  72  7 6
Now, 3  12 34  12 81 and
3 4
5  12 53  12
125
Clearly, 125 > 81 1 6 3 1
= 3 3  6 6
6 36 6 2
 12
125  12 81  4
5  33 .
1
71 The orders of the given surds are 2 and 3 respectively.  252  5 6  294  3
LCM of 2 and 3 is 6. So, we convert each surd into a 6
surd of order 6 as given below: 1
= 6 7 5 6 7 6  6
1/2 3
2
 1 1 6  1 1
       6
and  1 3
2 2  2 8 = 6 7   7  5   6 = 6 7  6
2 2
1/3 2
 2 2  2 4 76. Reducing each term to its simplest form, we get
   3  6
   6
.
3 3 3 9 23 4  7 3 32  3 500

4 1  2 3 4  7 3 8  4  3 125  4
Now,  [  4 × 8 > 9 × 1]
9 8
 2 3 4  7 3 23  4  3 53  4
1/3 1/2
4 61  2  1  2 34 72 34 5 34
 6      .
9 8  3  2
 2 3 4  14 3 4  5 3 4
  2  14  5 3 4  113 4