Chapter-30
Mensuration I
(Area and Perimeter)
Mensuration
Mensuration is the science of measurement of the
length of lines, areas of surfaces and volumes of
solids. Its knowledge is of immense use to the
surveyor, architect and engineer. In this chapter,
we will deal with the perimeter and area of the
plane figures.
Perimeter
The perimeter of a figure is the sum of length of
all its sides. This is measured in the units of
length. For example, cm, m, etc.
Area
The area of any figure is the amount of surface
enclosed wit hin it s bounding lines. This is
measured by the number of square cm or square
met res (or other units of squar e measur es) it
contains.
Measures of Area
Area, being the product of two linear measurements
(see in the following pages), is expressed in square
units of linear measure. The following will give
you the measures of area in the Metric System:
(i) Square Centimetre: A square centimetre is
the amount of surface enclosed within a square of
which each side is one centimetre in length.
The term square metre, square hectometre,
square kilometre etc are used in the same sense.
(ii) Square Metre: The area of a region formed
by a square of side 1 metre is called a square metre
and is written as 1 m2.
The basic unit of length in SI system is a metre
(1 m) and the basic unit of area in SI system is a
square metre (1 m2).
Since,
1 m = 100 cm
 1 m2 = 1 m × 1 m = 100 cm × 100 cm
= 10000 cm2
Thus, 1 m2 = 10000 cm2.
(iii) Square Decimetre: The area of a region
formed by a square of side 1 decimetre (1 dm) is
called a square decimetre and is written as 1 dm2.
Since,
1 m = 10 dm
 1 m2 = 1 m × 1 m = 10 dm × 10 dm = 100 dm2
Also, 1 dm = 10 cm
1 dm2 = 1 dm × 1 dm = 10 cm × 10 cm = 100 cm2
(iv) Square Millimetre: The area of a region
formed by a square of side 1 millimetre (1 mm) is
called a square millimetre and is written as 1 mm2.
Since 1 cm = 10 mm
 1 cm2 = 1 cm×1 cm = 10 mm × 10 mm
= 100 mm2
Also, 1 m2 = 10000 cm2
 1 m2 = 10000 mm × 100 mm = 1000000 mm2
(v) Square Decametre or an Are: The area of a
region formed by a square of side one decametre (1
dam) is called a square decametre or an arc is
denoted by 1 dam2 or 1a.
Since 1 dam = 10 m
 1 dam2 = 1 dam × 1 dam
= 10 m × 10 m = 100 m2
Thus, 1 dam2 = 100 m2 or 1 are = 100 m2
(vi) Square Hectometre or Hectare: The area of
a region formed by a square of side 1 hectometre (1
hm) is called a square hectometre or a hectare and
is denoted by 1 hm2 or 1 ha.
Since, 1 hm = 100 m
 1 ha = 1 hm × 1 hm = 100 m × 100 m
= 10000 m2
Also, 1 hm = 10 dam
1 ha = 10 dam × 10 dam
= 100 dam2 = 100 a.
Thus, 1 ha = 10000 m2 or 1 ha = 100 a.
(vii) Square Kilometre: The area of a region
formed by a square of side 1 kilometre (1 km) is
called a square kilometre and is written as 1 km2.
Since, 1 km = 1000 m
 1 km2 = 1000 m × 1000 m = 1000000 m2
Since 1 ha = 10000 m 2. Therefore,
1000000
1 km2 = ha = 100 ha
10000
Also, 1 km2 = 10000 are
502 Concept of Arithmetic

We have introduced various standard units of ( i ii ) Diagonal of a rectangle

area. Each can be converted into others as given
below. = (Length)2  (Breadth)2

Conversion of Units
Units of Length Units of Area
1 cm = 10 mm 1 cm2 = (10 × 10) mm2
= 100 mm2
1 m = 10 dm 1 m2 = (10 × 10) dm2 ABC is a right-angled triangle.
= 100 dm2
1 dm = 10 cm 1 dm2 = (10 × 10) cm2  AC = AB2  BC2
= 100 cm2
1 m = 100 cm 1 m2 = (100 × 100) cm2 (ii) Square
= 10000 cm 2
A square is a four-sided figure having all its angles
1 dam = 10 m 1 dam2 = (10 × 10) m2
right angles and all its sides are equal. In a square,
= 100 m2 = 1 are
the length is equal to the breadth.
1 hm = 100 m 1 hm2 = (100 × 100) m2
( i ) Perimeter of a square = 4 × length
= 10000 m2
= 4 × one of its sides
= 1 hectare
( i i) Area of a square = side × side = (side)2
1 km = 10 hm 1 mm2 = (10 × 10) hm2
From this formula we get,
= 100 hm2
1 km = 1000 m 1 km2 = (1000 × 1000) m2 Side = Area
= 1000000 m 2
( i ii ) Diagonal of a square = 2  (Area )
Rectangle and Square

(i) Rectangle
A rectangle is a four-sided figure having all its
angles right angles. The page of this book,the faces
of a brick, the floor of a room are rectangles, for

K KUNDAN
If ABCD be a square, then
their opposite sides are equal and their angles are
right angles. AC = AB 2  BC 2 = AB 2  AB 2 = 2AB
The sides of a rectangle are usually called its [  AB = BC]
length and breadth. In the rectangle, the length
and breadth are uneqaual.  AC = AB 2
( i ) Perimet er of a rect angle = 2 (Length + From the above, we have
Breadth)
AC
( i i) Area of a rectangle = (Length × Breadth) AB =
From this formula we get, 2
Area 1
(a) Length =  Area = (AB)2 = (AC)2
Breadth 2
Area Hence, the area of a square is half the square
(b) Breadth = Length of its diagonal.

Solved Examples
Ex. 1: Find the area, in hectare, of a field Ex. 2: What wi ll happen to t he ar ea of a
whose length is 240 m and breadth rectangle if
110 m. (i) its length is doubled and breadth
Soln: We have, Length of the field = 240 m is trebled.
Breadth of the field = 110 m. (ii) i t s l engt h and br eadt h ar e
 Area of the field = (240 × 110) m2 doubled?
26400 Soln: Let l cm and b cm be t he length and
= 26400 m2 = hectare breadth of the rectangle. Further, let A be
10000
[  10000 m = 1 hectare]
2 the area of the rectangle. Then,
A = l × b ...... (i)
= 2.64 hectare
Mensuration I (Area and Perimeter) 503

(i) We have,
or, x 2  y 2  289 ..... (i)
New breadth = 2l; New length = 3b
 A1 = New Area And, Perimeter = 46 cm
= 2l × 3b = 6 (l × b) = 6A or, 2 (x + y) = 46 cm
[Using (i)] or, x + y = 23 .... (ii)
Hence, the area of the new rectangle is 6 Now, x + y = 23
times the area of the old rectangle. or, (x + y)2 = 232
(ii) We have, or, x2 + y2 + 2xy = 529
New length = 2l, New breadth = 2b or, 289 + 2xy = 529
 A1 = New Area or, 2xy = 529 - 289
= 2l × 2b = 4 (l × b) = 4A or, 2xy = 240
[Using (i)] or, xy = 120
Hence, the area of the new rectangle is 4 Hence, Area = xy = 120 cm2.
times the area of the old rectangle. Ex. 6: The length of a rectangle exceeds its
Ex. 3: What wi ll happen to t he ar ea of a wi dt h by 8 cm and t he ar ea of t he
squar e if i ts side is ( i) doubl ed ( ii ) r ect angl e i s 240 sq cm. Find the
halved? dimensions of the rectangle.
Soln: (i) Let the side of a square be x cm. Then, Soln: Let the breadth of the given rectangle be x
Area = A = x2 cm2 ....(i) cm. Then, length = (x + 8) cm.
When the side is doubled, then, Now, Area = 240 cm 2
side of the new square = 2x cm. or, length × breadth = 240
 A1 = Area of the new square or, (x + 8) x = 240
= (2x2) cm2 = 4x2 cm2 = 4A or, x2 + 8x – 240 = 0
[Using (i)] or, x2 + 20x – 12x – 240 = 0
Thus, if the side is doubled, then area or, x (x + 20) – 12 (x + 20) = 0
becomes 4 times. or, (x + 20) (x – 12) = 0
(ii) When the side is halved, then, or, x = 12 or x = –20
But x cannot be negative. So, x = 12.
x Hence, breadth = 12 cm and length
Side of the new square = cm.
2 = (12 + 8 =) 20 cm.

K KUNDAN
A2 = Area of the new square Ex. 7: The cost of ploughing a rectangular
field at 85 paise per square centimetre
2
x 2 1 2 1 is Rs 624.75. Find the perimeter of the
=   cm  x  A
2 4 4 field if its sides are in the ratio 5 : 3.
Soln: Let the length and the breadth of the
[Using (i)]
rectangular field be 5x cm and 3x cm in
Thus, if the side is halved, then area
length. Then,
becomes one-fourth.
Area = 5x × 3x = 15x2 cm2 .... (i)
Ex. 4: The length of a rectangle is twice its
It is given that the cost of ploughing the
breadth. Find the dimensions of the
rectangle if its area is 288 sq cm. 85
Soln: Let the breadth of the given rectangle be x rectangular field at the rate of Rs is
100
cm.
Rs 624.75.
Then, length = 2x cm [Given].
 Area of the rectangular field
 Area = 2x × x = 2x2
or, 2x2 = 288 Total cost
[  Area = 288 sq cm (given)] = Rate per sq m
or, x2 = 144
or, x = 12 cm 624 .75 624 .75  100
Hence, length = 24 cm, and breadth 12 = 
85 85
cm. 100
Ex. 5: If the diagonal of a rectangle is 17 cm
long and the perimeter of the rectangle = 735 cm2 .... (ii)
is 46 cm. Find the area of the rectangle. From (i) and (ii), we get
Soln: Let the length and breadth of the given 15x2 = 735 or x2 = 49 or x = 7
rectangle be x cm and y cm respectively. Hence, the sides of the rectangular field
Th en , are 5x = (5 × 7) = 35 cm and 3x = (3 × 7 =)
Diagonal = 17 cm 21 cm respectively.
 Perimeter = {2 (35 + 21) =} 112 cm
or, x 2  y 2  17
504 Concept of Arithmetic

Ex. 8: The l engt h and br eadt h of a

1
rectangular field are in the ratio 3 : 2. AP = AB = 2 cm and
If the area of the field is 3456 cm 2 , 2
find the cost of fencing the field at Rs
1
3.50 per cm. AS = AD = 2 cm
Soln: Let t he lengt h and br eadt h of t he 2
r ect angular f ield be 3x and 2x cm Also, PS 2 = AP2 + AS 2
respectively. Then, [Using Pythagoras theorem]
Area of the rectangular field
 PS = 42  42  32  4 2
= (3x × 2x) cm2 = 6x2 cm2
Also, area of the rectangular field Thus, each side of square PQRS is of
= 3456 cm2 (given) length 4 2 cm.
 6x2 = 3456
 Area of the square PQRS
3456
or, x2 =
6  
= 4 2
2
cm2 = 32 cm2

or, x2 = 576 Ex. 11: The length of a rectangular field is

increased by 50% and its breadth is
or, x = 576 = 24 decr eased by 50% t o form a new
 Length = (3 × 24) cm = 72 cm rectangular field. Find the percentage
Breadth = (2 × 24) cm = 48 cm change in the area of the field.
 Perimeter of the field Soln: Let x and y denote the length and breadth
= 2 × (length + breadth) of the given field. Then, its area is given
= [2 × (72 + 48)] cm = 240 cm by A = xy
Rate of fencing = Rs 3.50 per cm Increase in length
 Cost of fencing = Rs (240 × 3.50) = 50% of the original length of x
= Rs 840 50 x
Ex. 9: Find the area of a rectangular plot one = x 
100 2
side of which is 48 cm and its diagonal
50 cm. x 3
 New length = x   x

K KUNDAN
Soln: Let the other side be x cm. Since ABC is 2 2
a right triangle, therefore,
Decrease in breadth
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
= 50% of the original breadth
or, 502 = 482 + x2
or, x2 = (50)2 – (48)2 50y y
= 50% of y = 
or, x2 = (50 + 48) (50 – 48) 100 2
or, x2 = 98 × 2
or, x2 = 142 y y
or, x = 14  New length = y  
2 2
Thus, the other side of the rectangle is  A1 = Area of the new field
14 cm
 Area of the rectangle = (48 × 14) cm2 3 y 3
= x   xy
= 672 cm2 2 2 4
Ex. 10: The area of square ABCD is 16 cm2. Find Change in Area
the area of the square joining the mid-
points of the sides. 3 1
= A1  A  xy  xy  xy
Soln: We have, 4 4
Area of square ABCD = 16 cm2  Percentage change in the area
 Each side of square ABCD
1
=
16 cm = 4 cm xy
A1  A
=  100  4  100 = 25%
In APS, we have A xy
Hence, there is 25% decrease in the area.
Ex. 12: A rectangular courtyard is 3 m 78 cm
long and 5 m 25 cm broad. It is desired
to pave it with square tiles of the same
size. What is the largest size of the
tile that can be used? Also, find the
number of such tiles.
Mensuration I (Area and Perimeter) 505

Soln: Clearly, the size of the tile should be a Area of the wall = Area of 2400 tiles
factor of both the length and breadth of or, 4h = 120
the courtyard. Therefore, the size of the
4h 120
largest size tile should be the HCF of 378 or, 
cm and 525 cm. 4 4
[Dividing both sides by 4]
2 378 5 525 or, h = 30
3 189 3 105 Hence, the height of the wall is 30 metres.
3 63 3 21 Ex. 15: Find the perimeter of a rectangular field
3 21 7 whose length is four times its width
7 and which has an area equal to 30976
cm 2 .
Now, Soln: Let the width of the field be b cm. Then,
 378 = 2 × 33 × 7 and 525 = 5 × 32 × 7 Length of the field = 4b cm.
Hence, HCF of 378 and 525 is 3 × 7 = 21  Area of the field = (b × 4b) cm2 = 4b2 cm2
Thus, the size of the largest size square But, area of the field is given as 30976
tile = 21 cm cm 2.
 Area of a tile  4b2 = 30976
= (side)2 cm2 = (21)2 cm2 = 441 cm2 30976
2
Area of courtyard = (378 × 525) cm2 or, b   7744
4
= 198450 cm2 2 2
or, b = (88)
Now,
or, b = 88
Area of courtyard  Length of the field = 4b cm
Number of tiles = = (4 × 88) cm = 352 cm
Area of a tile
Width of the field = b cm = 88 cm
198450 Hence,
= = 450 Perimeter of the field
441
Ex. 13: The floor of a rectangular hall is to be = 2 (length + breadth)
covered with a carpet 150 cm wide. If = 2 (352 + 88) cm = 880 cm
the length and breadth of the hall are Ex. 16: A 5 m wide lane was paved with bricks

K KUNDAN20 m and 18 m respectively, find the of size 20 cm by 15 cm. If the rate of

cost of the carpet at the rate of Rs 10 bricks was Rs 750 per thousand and if
per metre. bricks worth Rs 49500 were used for
Soln: We have, pavements, find the length of the lane.
Area of the hall = (20 × 18) m2 = 360 m2 Soln: We have,
Width of the carpet = 150 cm = 1.5 m Rate of bricks = Rs 750 per thousand
 Length of the carpet Total cost of bricks = Rs 49500

Area of the hall 360 49500

 Number of bricks = thousand
= Width of the carpet  1.5 = 240 m 750
= 66 thousand
Rate of the carpet = Rs 10 per metre.
= 66000
 Cost of the carpet = Rs (240 × 10)
Area of one brick = (20 × 15) cm2
= Rs 2400.
= 300 cm2
Ex. 14: Find the height of the wall whose length
 Area covered by 66000 bricks
is 4 m and which can be covered by
= 66000 × 300 cm2
2400 tiles of size 25 cm by 20 cm.
= 19800000 cm 2
Soln: Area of a tile = (25 × 20) cm2 = 500 cm2.
 Area of 2400 tiles = (2400 × 500) cm2 19800000
= 1200000 cm 2 = m2 = 1980 m2
10000
1200000
=
10000
m2 10000 cm 2
 1 m2 
2
2 2 Hence, area of the lane = 1980 m .
[10000 cm  1 m ] It is given that the width of the lane is 5 m.
= 120 m2.
Let the height of the wall be h metres.  Area 
 Length of the lane =  m
Th en ,  width 
area of the wall = 4h m2.
Since 2400 tiles completely cover the wall. 1980
= m = 396 m
Therefore, 5
506 Concept of Arithmetic

Ex. 17: The length and breadh of a playground Soln: Let the actual length and breadth of the
ar e 75 m 20 cm and 34 m 80 cm , r ect angular f ield be l and b met r es
respectively. Find the cost of levelling respectively.
it at Rs 1.50 per square metre. How The faulty metre-rod measures 0.90 metre
long will a boy take to go three times as 1 metre.
round the field, if he walks at the rate 1
of 1.5 m/sec.  It will measure 1 metre as metre
0.90
Soln: We have,
Length of the playground 1
It will measure l met r es as l
= 75 m 20 cm = 75.20 m 0.90
Breadth of the playground metres.
= 34 m 80 m = 34.80 Thus, according to the faulty metre-rod
 Area of the playground
= 75.20 × 34.80 m2 = 2616.96 m2 l
the length of the field is metres.
 Cost of levelling = Rs 2616.96 × 1.50 0.90
= Rs 3925.44 Similarly, breadth of the field measured
Perimeter of the playground
= 2(length + breadth) b
by the faulty rod = metres.
= 2(75.20 + 34.80) m 0.90
= (2 × 110) m = 220 m.
Total distance to be covered by the boy l b lb
 Area of the field =  
= 3 (Perimeter of the playground) 0.90 0.90 0.81
= 3 × 220 m = 660 m But, the faulty metre-rod measures the area
Speed of the boy = 1.5 m/sec. of the field as 200 m2.
660 lb
 Time taken by the boy = sec   200
1.5 0.81
 Distance  or, lb = 200 × 0.81 m2
 Time   or, lb = 162 m2
 Speed 
Hence, the correct area of the field is 162

K KUNDAN
m 2.
440
= 440 sec = minutes
60 Areas of Paths
22 Ex. 20: A rectangular grassy lawn measuring
= minutes 30 m by 28 m is t o be sur rounded
3
externally by a path which is 2 m wide.
= 7 minutes 20 seconds
Find the cost of levelling the path at
Ex. 18: The carpet for a room 6.6 m by 5.6 m
the rate of Rs 5 per square metre.
costs Rs 3960 and it was made from a
Soln: Let ABCD be the grassy lawn, and let
roll 70 cm wide. Find the cost of the
PQRS be the external boundaries of the
carpet per metre.
path.
Soln: We have,
Area of the carpet = 6.6 × 5.6 m2
= 36.96 m2.
Width of the roll = 70 cm = 0.7 m
Area 36.96
 Length of the roll = =
Width 0.7
= 52.8 m
Cost of the carpet = Rs 3960.
 Cost of the carpet per metre
We have,
3960
= Rs = Rs 75. length AB = 30 m, breadth BC = 28 m
52.8  Area of lawn ABCD = 30 × 28 m2
Hence, the carpet costs Rs 75 per metre. = 840 m2
Ex. 19: The ar ea of a rect angular fi el d i s Length PQ = (30 m + 2 m + 2 m)
calculated to be 200 m2 when its sides = 34 m
are measured with a faulty metre rod. Breadth QR = 28 m + 2 m + 2 m
If that metre rod is actually 0.90 metre = 32 m
long, find the correct area of the field.  Area PQRS = 34 × 32 m2 = 1088 m2
Mensuration I (Area and Perimeter)
Now, Area of the path
= Area PQRS - Area of the lawn
= (1088 - 840 =) 248 m2
 Cost of levelling the path
= Rs (248 × 5) = Rs 1240
Ex. 21: A grassy plot is 80 m × 60 m. Two cross
paths each 4 m wide are constructed
at right angles through the centre of
t he fiel d, such t hat each pat h i s
par al lel to one of t he sides of the
rectangle. Find the total area used as
path. Also, find the cost of gravelling
them at Rs 5 per square metre.
Soln: Let ABCD and EFGH be the cross paths.
We have, AB = 80 m and BC = 4 m
 Area of path ABCD = (80 × 4) m2
= 320 m2
Again, EF = 60 m and FG = 4 m
K KUNDAN
 Area of path EFGH = (60 × 4) m2
= 240 m2
Clearly, area PQRS is common to both the
paths.
We have,
Area PQRS = (4 × 4 =) 16 m2
 Total area used as path = Area of path
ABCD + Area of path EFGH - Area PQRS
= (320 + 240 - 16) = 544 m2
We have, rate of gravelling the path
= Rs 5 per square metre
 Total cost of gravelling the path
= Rs (5 × 544) = Rs 2720
Ex. 22: Calculate the area of the shaded region
shown in the figure given below:
Soln: We have,
Area of the rectangle ABCD
= (60 × 48) m2 = 2880 m2
507
Area of a square at one of the corners
= (8 × 8) m2 = 64 m2
 Area of the four squares
= 4 × 64 m2 = 256 m2
Hence, r equir ed ar ea = Ar ea of t he
rectangle ABCD – Area of the four squares
= (2880 - 64 =) 2816 m2
Ex. 23: Calculate the area of the figure given
below.
Soln: Complete the rectangles ABCQ and DEFR
by drawing dotted lines NQ and PR.
Now,
Area of rectangle ABCQ = (12 × 3) m2
= 36 m2
Area of rectangle DEFR = (12 × 3) m2
= 36 m2
Area of rectangle PNQR = (9 × 4) m2
= 36 m2
[  PN = PH + HM + MN = (3 + 3 + 3) m
and, QN = AQ – AN = (12 – 8) m]
Area of rectangle LMHK = (6 × 3) m2
= 18 m2
Hence, required area
= 36 m2 + 36 m2 + 36 m2 + 18 m2
= 126 m2
Ex. 24: A table cover, 4 m × 2 m, is spread on
a meeting table. If 25 cm of the table
cover is hanging all around the table,
find the cost of polishing the table top
at Rs 2.25 per square metre.
Soln: To find the cost of polishing the table top
we have to find its area for which we
require its length and breadth.
We have,
Length of the cloth = 4 m
Breadth of the cloth = 2 m
508
Since 25 cm width of cloth is outside the
table on each side. Therefore,
Length of the table = (4 – 2 × 0.25) m
= 3.5 m
Breadth of the table = (2 – 2 × 0.25) m
= 1.5 m
 Area of the top of the table
= (3.5 × 1.5) m2
It is given that the cost of polishing the
table top is at the rate of Rs 2.25 per square
metre. Therefore, cost of polishing the top
= Area × Rate per sq metre
= Rs (3.5 × 1.5 × 2.25)
7 3 9
=    
2 2 4
= Rs 11.81
Ex. 25: There is a square field whose side is
44 m. A square flower bed is prepared
in its centre leaving a gravel path all
round the flower bed. The total cost of
laying the flower bed and gravelling the
path at Rs 2.75 and Rs 1.50 per square
metre respectively, is Rs 4904. Find the
width of the gravel path.
Soln: Let the width of the gr avel pat h be x
metres. Then, each side of the square
flower bed is (44 - 2x) metres.
K KUNDANNow, area of the square field
= (44 × 44 =) 1936 m2
Area of the flower bed = (44 – 2x)2 m2
 Area of the gravel path = Area of the
field - Area of the flower bed
= 1936 – (44 – 2x)2
= 1936 – (1936 – 176x + 4x2)
= (176x – 4x2) m2
Cost of laying the flower bed = (Area of
the flower bed) (Rate per sq m)
2 275
= (44  2x ) 
100
11
= (44  2x )2 = 11(22  x )2
4
Cost of gravelling the path
= (Area of the path) × (Rate per sq m)
2 150
= (176x  4x )   6(44x  x 2 )
100
Concept of Arithmetic
It is given that the total cost of laying the
flower bed and gravelling the path is Rs
4904
 11 (22 – x)2 + 6 (44x – x 2 ) = 4904
or, 11 (484 – 44x + x2) + (264x – 6x2)
= 4904
or, 5x2 – 220x + 5324 = 4908
or, 5x2 – 220x + 420 = 0
or, x2 – 44x + 84 = 0
or, x2 – 42x – 2x + 84 = 0
or, x (x – 42) – 2 (x – 42) = 0
or, (x – 2) (x – 42) = 0
or, x = 2 or x = 42
But x  42, as the side of the square is 44
m. Therefore, x = 2.
Hence, the width of the gravel path is 2
metres.
Ex. 26: The length and breadth of a rectangular
field are in the ratio of 7 : 4. A path 4
m wide running all around outside it
has an area of 416 m2. Find the length
and breadth of the field.
Soln: Let the length and breadth of the field be
7x and 4x metres respectively. Then,
Area of the field = (7x × 4x) m2
= 28x2 m2
Length of the field (including path)
= (7x + 8) m
Breadth of the field (including path)
= (4x + 8) m
So, Area of the field and path together
= (7x + 8) (4x + 8) m2
 Area of the path
= [(7x + 8) (4x + 8) – 28x2] m2
= (88x + 64) m2
It is given that the area of the path is 416
m2
 88x + 64 = 416
or, 88x = 416 - 64
or, 88x = 352
or, x = 4m
Hence, length of the field = 7x = 28 m
breadth of the field = 4x = 16 m
Ex. 27: A chess boar d cont ains 64 equal
squares and the area of each square
is 6.25 cm2. A border round the board
is 2 cm wide. Find the length of the
side of the chess board.
Soln: Let the length of the side of the chess
board be x cm. Then,
Mensuration I (Area and Perimeter) 509

Hence the area of a triangle is equal to half

the product of the base and the height.
From the above, we have
2  Area 2  Area
Base = Height and Height =
Base
( i i) Area of a Triangle when its sides are given
(Hero’s Formula) = s(s  a )(s  b )(s  c )
Where,  is the area of the triangle; and a,
1
area of 64 squares = (x – 4)2 b, c are its sides and s = (a + b + c) =
2
 (x – 4)2 = 64 × 6.25
semi-perimeter of the triangle.
or, x2 – 8x + 16 = 400
Thus, from half of the sum of the three
or, x2 – 8x – 384 = 0
sides subtract each side separately. Multiply
or, x2 – 24x + 16x – 384 = 0
the half sum and the three remainders
or, (x – 24) (x + 16) = 0
together. The square root of the product will
or, x = 24 cm
be the area of triangle.
Triangle
Equilateral Triangle
A figure bounded by the three sides is called a
A triangle whose all the three sides are equal is
triangle.
called equilateral triangle.
1 In an equilateral triangle ABC, a = b= c
( i ) Area of a triangle = × Base × Height
2 a a a 3
s = = a
2 2
Hence,

3a  3a   3a   3a 
a a a

K KUNDAN
( i ) Area = 
2  2   2   2 

3a a a a 3
=    = a2
ABC is the given triangle. Let BDEC be the 2 2 2 2 4
rectangle on the same base BC and on the
same height AF. Since AF is perpendicular 3
to BC, each of the figures ADBF, AECF is a = (Side)2
4
rectangle.
1 3 2
Now triangle ABF = rectangle ADBF 2 a
2 2  Area 4
( i i) Height = 
Base a
1
Now triangle ACF = rectangle AECF
2 3 3
= a  (Side)
By adding, we get 2 2
ABF + ACF
Right-angled Triangle
1 1
= rectangle ADBF + rectangle AECF A triangle having one of its angles equal to 90° is
2 2
called right-angled triangle.
1
ie ABC = rectangle BCED
2
1
= × BC × CE
2
1
= × BC × AF [As CE = AF]
2
The figure ABC is right-angled triangle, angle
1
= × Base × Height B being a right angle ie of 90°. Here, BC is the
2 base of the triangle, AB is the height of the triangle.
510 Concept of Arithmetic

AC, the side opposite to the right angle, is called

the hypotenuse. Solved Examples
In case of a triangle ABC right-angled at B, AC2
= AB 2 + BC2. This is known as the Pythagoras Ex. 28: The area of a right-angled triangle is
Theorem. It may be stated in words thus: 50 m2. If one of the legs is 20 m, find
In a right-angled triangle the square described the length of the other leg.
on the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the Soln: In a right-angled triangle, if one side is
squares on the other two sides. the base, then the other side is its altitude
Let b be the base, p be the perpendicular and h or height.
be the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle. Then, Let the given leg be the base. Then, the
( i ) Perimeter = (b + p + h) other leg is the altitude.
Here, Area of the triangle = 50 m2
1 1  One leg of the triangle = 20 m
( i i) Area = × Base × Height =   b  p 
2 2   The other leg of the triangle
= Height of the triangle
( i ii ) Hypotenuse = b2  p 2
2  Area  2  50 
=  m = 5 m
Isosceles Triangle Base  20 
Ex. 29: Find the area of an isosceles right-
An isosceles triangle is one which has two of its
angled triangle, if one of the equal sides
sides equal. Its third side is usually called the
is 20 cm long.
base.
Soln: We know that in an isosceles right angled
triangle, any one of the two sides which
are at right angle can be taken as the base
and the other perpendicular side is the
altitude.
Therefore,
base = 20 cm and altitude = 20 cm
So, area of the given triangle
1  2 2

K KUNDAN
Let ABC be an isosceles triangle such that AB = =   20  20 cm  200 cm
2 
AC = b units and BC = a units.
Ex. 30: The area of a triangle is equal to that
Area of ABC
of a square whose each side measures
1 1 60 metres. Find the side of the triangle
=  Base  (Equal side)2  (Base)2 whose cor responding al tit ude is 90
2 4
metres.
Isosceles Right-angled Triangle Soln: We have,
Area of the square = (60 × 60) m2
For an isosceles right-angled triangle, each of = 3600 m2
whose equal side is a, we have  Area of the square = 3600 m2
Altitude of the triangle = 90 m
 Side of the triangle
2  Area
= Correspond ing Altitude

 2  3600 
=   m = 80 m
 90 
( i ) Hypotenuse = a2  a 2  2 a Ex. 31: The base of a triangular field is three
t i mes it s al t i tude. I f t he cost of

( i i) Perimeter = 2a  2 a  2  2 a  cultivating the field at Rs 24. 60 per
1 hectare is Rs 332.10, find its base and
( i ii ) Area = × Base × Height height.
2
Soln: Let the altitude of the triangular field be x
1 1 metres.
= a a  a2 Then, base = 3x metres (given).
2 2
1
 Area = (Base × Height)
2
Mensuration I (Area and Perimeter) 511

1
= (3x × x)
2

 3 2
=  x  sq m ...... (i)
2 
It is given that the cost of cultivating the
field at the rate of Rs 24.60 per hectare is
Rs 332.10.
Total cost 332.10
 Area = 
Rate 24.60
= 13.5 hectares
= (13.5 × 10000) sq m. Th en ,
[  1 hectare = 10000 sq m]
= 135000 sq m ....... (ii) 1
Area of  ABC = (Base × Height)
From (i) and (ii) , we have 2
3 2 1
x  135000 or, 60 = (AB × BC)
2 2
2 2
or, x  135000  1
3 or, 60 = × 5x (3x – 1)
2
or, x2 = 90000
or, x = 300 or, 120 = 5x (3x – 1)
Hence, height = 300 m and or, 24 = x (3x – 1)
base = 3x = 900 m. or, 3x2 – x – 24 = 0
Ex. 32: Find the area of a right-angled triangle or, 3x2 – 9x + 8x – 24 = 0
with hypotenuse 25 cm and base 7 cm. or, 3x (x – 3) + 8 (x – 3) = 0
Soln: Let ABC be the right-angled triangle with or, (x – 3) (3x + 8) = 0
base or, x – 3 = 0 or, 3x + 8 = 0

K KUNDAN
or, x = 3
8
or, x = 
3

8
or, x = 3 [  x   ]
3
 AB = 5x = (5 × 3 =) 15 cm and
BC = (3x – 1) = (3 × 3 – 1 =) 8 cm.
Now, AC2 = AB2 + BC2
[By Pythagoras Theorem]
BC = 7 cm and or, AC2 = (15)2 + (8)2
hypotenuse AC = 25 cm. or, AC2 = 289
Using Pythagoras Theorem, we have or, AC = 17 cm.
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 Hence, hypotenuse = 17 cm.
or, (25)2 = AB2 + 72 Ex. 34: The perimeter of a right-angled triangle
or, AB2 = 252 – 72 = 625 – 49 = 576 is 60 cm. Its hypotenues is 25 cm. Find
or, AB = 24. the area of the triangle.
Soln: Let ABC be the given right-angled triangle
1
Hence, area of ABC = (Base × height) such t hat base = BC = x cm and
2 hypotenuse AC = 25 cm.
1
= (7 × 24) = 84 cm2.
2
Ex. 33: The length of the sides forming right-
angle of a right-angled triangle are 5x
cm and (3x – 1) cm. If the area of the
triangle is 60 cm2, find its hypotenuse.
Soln: Let ABC be a right-angled triangle with
right-angle at B. Let AB = 5x and BC
= 3x – 1.
512 Concept of Arithmetic

Now, perimeter = 60 cm or, Hypotenuse = 50 cm

or, AB + BC + AC = 60
or, AB + x + 25 = 60 cm
or, AB = 35 – x.
By Pythagoras Theorem, we have
AB2 + BC2 = AC2
or, (35  x )2  x 2  252
or, 2x 2  70x  600  0
or, x 2  35x  300  0
Hence, t he dimensions of t he giv en
triangle are Base = 40 cm, Altitude = 30
cm and Hypotenuse = 50 cm.
Ex. 36: Find the perimeter of an equilateral
triangle whose area is 4 3 cm 2 .
Soln: Let each side of the triangle be a cm. Then,
3 2
its area is a .
4

or, x 2  20x  15x  300  0 3 2

a 4 3
4
or, (x  20 )(x  15 )  0
or, x = 20 or x = 15 2 4
or, a  4 3   16
If x = 20, then AB = 35 – x = 15 and 3
BC = x = 20 or, a = 4.
1 Hence, perimeter of the given triangle
 Area = (BC  AB) = 3a cm = (3 × 4) cm = 12 cm.
2
Ex. 37: If each side of an equilateral triangle
1 is increased by 2 cm, then its area
= (20  15)  150cm2
2 increases by 3 3 cm2. Find the length
If x = 15, then AB = 35 – x = 20 and of each side and its area.
BC = x = 15 Soln: Let ABC be an equilateral triangle of side
1 a cm.
 Area = (BC  AB) Th en ,
2

1 3 2
A1 = Area of ABC = a cm2 ......(i)
= (15  20 )  150 cm2 . 4

K KUNDAN
2
Let DEF be the new equilateral triangle of
Hence, area = 150 cm2
side (a + b) cm. Then,
Ex. 35: The area of a right-angled triangle is
600 sq cm. If the base of the triangle 3
exceeds the altitude by 10 cm, find the A1 = Area of DEF = (a  b )2 cm2 .... (ii)
4
dimensions of the triangle.
Soln: Let the altitude of the given triangle be x It is given that
cm long. A 2  A1  3 3
Then, base = (x + 10) cm.
Now, Area = 600 cm 2 3 3 2
or, (a  2)2  a 3 3
1 4 4
or, (Base × Height) = 600
2 [Using (i) and (ii)]

1 3 3 2
or, (x + 10)x = 600 or, (a  2)2  (a  12)
2 4 4
or, x2 + 10x = 1200 or, (a  2)2  a 2  12
or, x2 + 10x – 1200 = 0
or, x2 + 40x – 30x – 1200 = 0 or, a 2  4a  4  a 2  12
or, x (x + 40) – 30 (x + 40) = 0 or, 4a = 8
or, (x + 40) (x – 30) = 0 or, a = 2
or, x = 30 or x = – 40 So, length of each side of ABC = 2 cm.
But x cannot be negative. So, x = 30.
So, base = x + 10 = (30 + 10 =) 40 cm. 3
And, area of ABC = (2)2 = 2
3 cm .
Since the tr iangle is r ight -angled. 4
Therefore,
Ex. 38: Find the area of an isosceles triangle
(Hypotenuse)2 = (Base)2 + (Perpendicular) 2
having the base 6 cm and the length
or, (Hypotenuse)2 = 402 + 302
of each equal side 5 cm.
or, (Hypotenuse) 2 = 2500
Mensuration I (Area and Perimeter) 513

Soln: We know that,

Area of an isosceles triangle
= 64  6  6 cm2

1 2 1
= × Base × (Equal side)  (Base)
2 4
Here, base = 6 cm, equal side = 5 cm.
 Area of the given triangle
1 1
=  6  (5)2   (6)2 cm 2
2 4
= 3  25  9 cm2
2 = 8 2  62 cm2
= (6 × 8) cm2 = 48 cm2
Ex. 40: Find the perimeter of an isosceles right-
angled triangle having an area of 200
cm 2 .
Soln: Let ABC be an isosceles r ight -angled
triangle with right angle at B such that
AB = BC = a cm. Then,

= 3  16 cm2 = 12 cm2
Ex. 39: The base of an isosceles triangle is 12
cm and its perimeter is 32 cm. Find its
ar ea.
Soln: We have, base = 12 cm and
perimeter =32 cm.
Let the length of each of the two equal
sides be b cm. Then,
Perimeter = 32 cm 1
or, 2b + 12 = 32 Area of ABC = (Base × Height)
2
or, 2b = 32 – 12
or, 2b = 20 1 a2
or, b = 10 = (a × a) =
2 2
Thus, we have
Base = 12 cm and equal side = 10 cm. a2
 Area of the given triangle or, 200 = [  Area = 200 cm2 (given)]
2
1 or, a2 = 400

K KUNDAN
2 1 2
= × Base × (Equal side)  (Base) or, a = 20
2 4
Now, AC2 = AB2 + BC2
1 1 [By Pythagoras Theorem]
=  12  (10)2   (12)2 cm 2 or, AC2 = a2 + a2
2 4
or, AC2 = 2a2
= 6  100  36 cm2 or, AC  2 a cm.
= 6  64 cm2 Hence,
perimeter = AB + BC + AC
= 6 × 8 cm2 = 48 cm2
Alternative Method: = 2a + 2a
Let the length of the two equal sides be x
cm. Then, = 40 + 20 2 [  a = 20]
Perimeter = 32 cm = 40 + 20 × 1.41
or, 2x + 12 = 32 = 68.2 cm.
or, 2x = 32 – 12 Ex. 41: The area of an isosceles triangle is 60
or, 2x = 20 cm 2 and the length of each one of its
or, x = 10 equal sides is 13 cm. Find its base.
Thus, the sides of the given triangle are a Soln: Let ABC be the given isosceles triangle in
= 10 cm, b = 10 cm and c = 12 cm, and 2s which AB = AC = 13 cm. Dr aw AD
= 32 cm. perpendicular from A on BC. Let BC = 2x
 s = 16 cm, cm.
s – a = (16 – 10) cm = 6 cm,
s – b = (16 – 10) = 6 cm and
s – c = (16 – 12) cm = 4 cm.
 Area of the triangle
= s(s  a )(s  b )(s  c )

= 16  6  6  4 cm2
514 Concept of Arithmetic

Then, BD = DC = x cm. Ex. 43: Find the percentage increase in the area
In ABC, we have of a triangle if its each side is doubled.
Soln: Let a, b, c be the sides of the old triangle
AB 2  AD 2  BD2 and s be its semi-perimeter. Then,
[ By Pythagoras Theorem]
1
or, 132  AD2  x 2 s = (a + b + c).
2
or, AD  13 2  x 2  169  x 2 . The sides of the new triangle are 2a , 2b
Now, area = 60 cm2 and 2c. Let s be its semi-perimeter. Then,
1 1
or, (BC  AD)  60
2 s = (2a + 2b + 2c) = a + b + c = 2s.
2
1 2 Let  and  be the areas of the old and
or,  2x  169  x   60
2  new triangles respectively. Then,

or, x 169  x 2  60  = s(s  a )(s  b )(s  c ) and

or, x 2(169  x 2 )  3600  = s (s   2a )(s   2b )(s   2c )

4 2
or, x  169x  3600  0
 = 2s(2s  2a )(2s  2b )(2s  2c )
or, (x 2  144)(x 2  25)  0 [  s = 2s]
or, x2 = 144 or x2 =25
 x = 12 or x =5 = s(s  a )(s  b )(s  c )  4
Hence, Base = 2x = 24 cm or 10 cm  Increase in the area of the triangle
Ex. 42: The perimeter of a triangular field is =  –  = 4 –  = 3.
144 m and the ratio of the sides is 3 : Hence, percentage increase in area
4 : 5 . Find the area of the field.
Soln: Let a, b, c be the lengths of the sides of  3 
=   100  = 300%.
the triangular field. Then,   
a: b : c = 3 : 4 : 5

K KUNDAN
Ex. 44: The lengths of the sides of a triangle
or a = 3x, b = 4x and c = 5x. are 5 cm, 12 cm and 13 cm. Find the
Now, perimeter = 144 m l engt h of per pendicul ar from the
or (3x + 4x + 5x) = 144 m opposite vertex to the side whose length
or 12x = 144 is 13 cm.
144 Soln: Here a = 5, b = 12 and c = 13.
 x = = 12
12
Thus, the sides of the triangle are
a = (3 × 12) m = 36 m,
b = (4 × 12) m = 48 m and
c = (5 × 12) m = 60 m
1
Now, s = (a  b  c )
2
or 1
s = (a + b + c)
2
1
 s = × (36 + 48 + 60) = 72 1
2
= (5 + 12 + 13) = 15
 s – a = (72 – 36) = 36, 2
s – b = (72 – 48) = 24 and Let A be the area of the given triangle.
s – c = (72 – 60) = 12 Th en ,
 Area of field = s (s  a )(s  b )(s  c ) A = s (s  a )(s  b )(s  c )
= 2
72  36  24  12 m or, A = 15 (15  5)(15  12)(15  13 )
= 62  2  62  6  22  6  2 m 2 or, A = 15  10  3  2 cm2 ....(i)
= 6 2 m 6 4 2 Let p be the length of the perpendicular
= 63 × 22 = 864 m2 from vertex A on the side BC. Then,
Mensuration I (Area and Perimeter) 515

1 x
Area = × Base × Height  BC = cm
2 3
Now, Area of FBE = 108 cm2 (given)
1
or, A = × (13) × p ..... (ii) 1
2 (FB  BE)  108
or,
From (i) and (ii), we get 2
1 1x x 
× 13 × p = 30 or,     108
2 22 3
or, x2 = 1296
60
 p cm. or x2 = 12 × 12 × 9
13 or, x = 12 × 3 = 36 cm.
Hence, the length of the perpendicular In ABC, we have AC2 = AB2 + BC2
from the opposite vertex to the side whose
 AC2  362  362
 60 
length is 13 cm is   cm.
or, AC  2  362
 13 
Ex. 45: A field in the form of a parallelogram or, AC  36 2
has one of its diagonals 42 m long and
t he perpendi cular di st ance of thi s Hence, AC  36 2 cm.
diagonal from either of the outlying
vertices is 10 m 8 dm (see Fig). Find Parallelogram
the area of the field.
A par allelogr am is a four -sided f igur e whose
oppost ie sides ar e par allel. Thus ABCD is a
parallelogram in which AB||DC and AD||BC.

K KUNDAN
Soln: We have, AC = 42 m and DL = BM = 10 m
8 dm = 10 m 80 cm = 10.8 m.
 Area of the field = 2 × Area of  ACD
 1  2
=  2   42  10.8 m = 453.6 m2
 2 
Area of parallelogram ABCD = Base × Height
Let CDEF be a rectangle on the same base DC
and of t he same height FC. Then since
parallelograms on the same base and of the same
height are equal in area.
 Parallelogram ABCD = Rectangle CDEF
Ex. 46: ABCD is a square. F is the mid-point of = CD × FC
AB and BE is one third of BC. If the = Base × Height
area of the  FBE is 108 sq cm, find Hence area of a parallelogram is equal to the
the length of AC. product of its base and height.
Soln: Let the side of the square be x cm. Since  Area = Base × Height
F is the mid-point of AB. From the above we have,
x Area
So, BF = AF = cm. ( i ) Base of a parallelogram = Height
2
Also, BE is one third of BC. or, Side of a parallelogram
Area
= Correspond ing altitude

Area
( i i) Height of a parallelogram =
Base
or, Altitude of parallelogram
Area
= Correspond ing side
516 Concept of Arithmetic

Ex. 49: A field in the form of a parallelogram

Solved Examples has base 15 dm and altitude 8 dm.
Find the cost of watering the field at
Ex. 47: The base of a parallelogram is thrice the rate of 50 paise per square metre.
its height. If the area is 876 cm2, find Soln: We have,
t he base and hei ght of t he Base = 15 dm = (15 × 10) m
parallelogram. [  1 dm = 10 m]
Soln: Let the height of the parallelogram be x = 150 m
cm. Then, base = 3x cm. Altitude = 8 dm = (8 × 10) m = 80 m
 Area of the parallelogram  Area of the field = (150 × 80) m2
= (x × 3x) cm2 = 3x2 cm2 = 12000 m2
But, area of the parallelogram is given as Rate of watering the field
867 cm 2. = 50 paise per square metre
 3x2 = 867
1
or, x2 = 289 = Re per square metre
2
 x  289  17
 Cost of watering the field
Thus, height = 17 cm and base
= (3 × 17) cm = 51 cm.  1
= Rs 12000   = Rs 6000.
Ex. 48: In the figure given below, ABCD is a  2
parallelogram, CM  AB and BL  AD. Ex. 50: In the figure given below, ABCD is a
(i) If AB = 16 cm, AD = 12 cm and parallelogram. DL  AB, AB = 8 cm and
CM = 10 cm, find BL. AD = 5 cm . I f the ar ea of t he
(ii) If AD = 10 cm, CM = 8 cm and parallelogram is 24 cm 2 , find AL.
BL = 12 cm, find AB.

K KUNDAN
Soln:(i) We have, base AB = 16 cm and
altitude CM = 10 cm.
 Area of parallelogram ABCD
= Base × Altitude
= (16 × 10) cm2 = 160 cm2 .....(i)
Now, taking AD as the base, we have
Soln: We have, base = AB = 8 cm
Area = 24 cm2
 Area = Base × Altitude
or, 24 = 8 × DL

or, DL =
24
8
cm = 3 cm.
Area of parallelogram ABCD Now, in ALD, we have
= Base × Altitude AD = 5 cm, DL = 3 cm.
= (12 × BL) cm2 .....(ii) By Pythagoras theorem, we have
From (i) and (ii), we have AD2 = AL2 + DL2
12 × BL = 160 or, 52 = AL2 + 32
or, AL2 = 52 – 32 = 25 – 9 = 16
160
 BL   13.33 cm or, AL2 = 42
12 or, AL = 4
(ii) We have, AD = 10 cm, BL = 12 cm
 Area of parallelogram ABCD Rhombus
= Base × Height
A rhombus is a parallelogram all of whose sides
= 10 cm × 12 cm = 120 cm2 ....(iii)
are equal. In a rhombus the diagonals bisect each
Now, taking AB as the base, we have
other at right angles. Thus in the rhombus ABCD,
Area of parallelogram ABCD = AB × CM
= (AB × 8) cm2 ....(iv)
From (iii) and (iv), we get
AB × 8 = 120
120
or, AB = cm
8
or, AB = 15 cm. AB = BC = CD = DA and
Mensuration I (Area and Perimeter) 517

AO = OC, BO = OD Ex. 54: Find the area of a rhombus whose each

BOC = 90° side is of length 5 m and one of the
Area of the rhombus ABCD diagonals is of length 8 m.
= 2BCD = 4BOC Soln: Let ABCD be a rhombus whose each side
is of length 5 m. Let the diagonals AC
1
= 4 × × BO × OC and BD intersect at O. Let AC be 8 m.
2

BD AC
= 2 
2 2
1
= × BD × AC
2

1
= (Product of diagonals)
2
Hence, the area of rhombus is equal to the half Since the diagonals of a rhombus bisect
of the product of its diagonals. each other at right angles. Therefore,
AOB is a right-triangle
or, AB2 = OA2 + OB2
Solved Examples [Using: Pythagoras theorem]
or, 52 = 42 + OB2
Ex. 51: Find the ar ea of a r hom bus whose or, OB2 = 25 – 16
diagonals are of lengths 20 cm and 18 or, OB2 = 9
cm . or, OB2 = 32
Soln: Area of the given rhombus or, OB = 3 m
 BD = 2 × OB = (2 × 3)m = 6m.
1 Hence, area of rhombus ABCD
= × Product of diagonals
2
1
= × Product of diagonals
1  2
=   20  18  cm2 = 180 cm2.

K KUNDAN
2 
1 
Ex. 52: The area of a rhombus is 72 cm2. If its =   8  6  m2 = 24 m2
2 
perimeter is 32 cm, find its altitude.
Soln: We have, perimeter of the rhombus Ex. 55: If the area of a rhombus be 48 cm2 and
= 32 cm one of its diagonal is 12 cm, find its
 4 (side) = 32 cm altitude.
[  Perimeter = 4 (side)] Soln: Let ABCD be a rhombus of area 48 cm 2
and diagonal BD = 12 cm.
32
 side = cm = 8 cm
4
Now, area of the rhombus = 72 cm2
or, (Side × Altitude) = 72
or, 8 × Altitude = 72
72
 Altitude = cm = 9 cm
8
Ex. 53: Find the altitude of a rhombus whose
area is 36 m2 and perimeter is 36 m. Now,
Soln: We have, perimeter of the rhombus = 36 Area = 48 cm2
m and, area of the rhombus = 36 m2
Now, side of the rhombus 1
or,  AC  BD  48
2
Perimeter 36
=  m = 9 m
4 4 1
or,  AC  12  48
 Altitude of the rhombus 2
or, 6 × AC = 48
Area 36
=  m = 4 m.
Side 9 48
 AC = cm = 8 cm
6
518 Concept of Arithmetic

Since the diagonals of a rhombus bisect

or, AB  40 cm  2 10 cm
each other at right angles.
Hence, perimeter of rhombus
1
 OA 
2
AC  4 cm
 
ABCD  4  2 10 cm  8 10 cm .
Ex. 57: If the side of a square is 4 m and it is
1 converted into a rhombus whose major
OB  BD  3 cm
2 diagonal is 6 m, find the other diagonal
Also, AB2 = OA2 + OB2 and the area of the rhombus.
[Using Pythagoras Theorem] Soln: Let AB = 4 m be the side of a square ABPQ
or, AB2 = 42 + 32 which is converted into a rhombus ABCD
or, AB2 = 16 + 9 = 25 = 52 such that diagonal AC = 6 m.
or, AB = 5 cm
Since a rhombus is a parallelogram also.
Therefore,
1
Area of rhobmus =  AB  Altitude
2
1
or, 48   5  Altitude
2

48  2 96
or, Altitude = cm = cm = 19.2 cm Since the diagonals of a rhombus bisect
5 5
each ot her at r ight angle, t her ef or e
Ex. 56: If the area of a rhombus be 24 cm2 and
one of its diagonals be 4 cm, find the 1
OA  AC  3m and AOB = 90°.
perimeter of the rhombus. 2
Soln: Let ABCD be a rhombus such that its one In OAB, we have
diagonal AC = 4 cm. Suppose the diagonals AB2 = OA2 + OB2
AC and BD intersect at O. or, 42 = 32 + OB2
or, OB2 = 16 – 9

K KUNDAN
or, OB = 7m
 BC = 2OB = 2 7 m .
Hence, area of rhombus ABCD
1
=  AC  BD
2

Now, 1  2 2
=   6  2 7 m  6 7 m .
Area of rhombus ABCD = 24 cm2 2 
1
or,  AC  BD  24 Trapezium
2
A trapezium is a four-sided figure having a pair of
1
or,  4  BD  24 opposite sides parallel. Thus ABCD is a trapezium
2 in which AB||DC.
or, 2 × BD = 24
or, BD = 12
Thus, we have, AC = 4 cm and BD = 12 cm
1
 OA  AC  2 cm and
2
1
OB  BD  6 cm
2
Since the diagonals of a rhombus bisect Area of trapezium
each other at right angle. Therefore, OAB 1
= × Height × Sum of the parallel sides
is a right triangle, right angled at O. 2
By Pythagoras theorem, we have 1
AB2 = OA2 + OB2 = × (Distance between par allel sides) ×
2
or, AB2 = 22 + 62 = 40 (Sum of parallel sides)
Mensuration I (Area and Perimeter) 519

Draw AE and BF perpendicular from A and B to

1  2
DC. =   21  15   10 cm 
Trapezium ABCD 2 
= ADE + Rectangle ABFE + BFC
1  2
1 1  2  15  24   12 cm
 
= × DE × AE + AE × EF + × BF × FC
2 2
1  2 1  2
1 =   36  10 cm    39  12 cm
= × AE (DE + 2EF + FC) [  BF = AE] 2  2 
2 = 180 cm2 + 234 cm2 = 414 cm2
1 Ex. 60: The area of a trapezium is 180 cm 2
= × AE (DE + EF + FC + AB) [  EF = AB] and its height is 9 cm. If one of the
2
parallel sides is longer than the other
1 by 6 cm, find the two parallel sides.
= × AE × (DC + AB) Soln: Let one of the parallel sides be of length x
2 cm. Then, the length of the other parallel
1 side is (x + 6) cm.
= × Height × Sum of the parallel sides  Area of the trapezium
2
Hence, the area of a trapezium is equal to the 1 
=   x  x  6  9 cm2
product of half the sum of parallel sides and height. 2 

1 
Solved Examples =   2x  6   9 cm2
2 
= (9x + 27) cm2
Ex. 58: Find the area of a trapezium whose
But the area of the trapezium is given as
parallel sides are of lengths 10 cm and
180 cm 2.
12 cm and the distance between them
 9x + 27 = 180
is 4 cm.
or, 9x = 180 – 27 = 153
Soln: We have,
153

K KUNDAN
1 or, x = = 17
Area of the trapezium = × (Sum of the 9
2
Thus, the two parallel sides are of lengths
parallel sides) × (Distance between the
17 cm and (17 + 6) cm = 23 cm.
parallel sides)
Ex. 61: If the perimeter of a trapezium be 52
1  cm, its non-parallel sides are equal to
=   10  12  4 cm2 10 cm each and its altitude is 8 cm,
2 
find the area of the trapezium.
1  Soln: We have,
=   22  4 cm2 = 44 cm2 Perimeter of the trapezium = 52 cm
2 
or, Sum of the parallel sides + Sum of the
Ex. 59: Find the area of the figure given below:
non-parallel sides = 52 cm
or, Sum of the parallel sides + 2 × 10 = 52
or, Sum of the parallel sides
= (52 – 20)cm = 32 cm
Altitude of the trapezium = 8 cm.
 Area of the trapezium
1
= × (Sum of the parallel sides) × Altitude
2

1 
=   32  8  cm2 = 128 cm2.
2 
Ex. 62: The parallel sides of a trapezium are
20 cm and 10 cm. Its non-parallel sides
are both equal, each being 13 cm. Find
Soln: We have, the area of the trapezium.
Area of the given figure Soln: Let ABCD be a trapezium such that AB =
= Ar ea of tr apezium ABCD + Ar ea 20 cm, CD = 10 cm and AD = BC = 13 cm.
of trapezium CDEF
520 Concept of Arithmetic

Clearly, AECD is a parallelogram.

Now, EB = AB – AE
= AB – DC [  AE = DC]
= (25 – 11) cm = 14 cm
Also, EC = AD = 15 cm.
Thus, in ECB, we have
EB = 14 cm, EC = 15 cm and
BC = 13 cm
Let s be the semi-perimeter of the ECB.
Th en ,
Draw CL || AD and CM  AB.
1
Now, CL || AD and CD || AB. s  14  15  13 cm = 21 cm.
 ALCD is a parallelogram. 2
 AL = CD = 10 cm and  Area of ECB
CL = AD = 13 cm. = s(s  a )(s  b )(s  c )
In CLB, we have
CL = CB = 13 cm = 21  (21  14 )(21  15 )(21  13) cm2
 CLB is an isosceles triangle. 2
= 21  7  6  8 cm
1 1
 LM = MB = BL =  10 cm = 5 cm 2
2 2 = 7  3  7  2  3  23 cm

  BL  AB  AL  = 7 2  33  24 cm
2

  (20  10) cm  10 cm

= 7 × 3 × 22 cm2 = 84 cm2 ....(i)
Applying Pythagoras theorem in CLM,
1
we have Also, Area of ECB = (Base × Height)
CL2 = CM2 + LM2 2
or, 132 = CM2 + 52 1
or, CM2 = 169 – 25 = 144 = (EB  CF)
2
or, CM = 144 = 12

K KUNDAN
1
1 = (14  CF) cm2
 BL  CM 2
 Area of CLB =
2 = (7 × CF) cm2 ....(ii)
From (i) and (ii), we get 7 × CF = 84
1 
=   10  12  cm2 = 60 cm2. 84
2 
or, CF = cm = 12 cm.
Area of parallelogram ALCD = AL × CM 7
= (10 × 12)cm2 = 120 cm2.  Area of parallelogram AECB
Hence, area of trapezium ABCD = Area of = Base × Height
parallelogram ALCD + Area of CLB = AE × EF
= (120 + 60)cm2 = 180 cm2. = (11 × 12) cm2 = 132 cm2
Ex. 63: The parallel sides of a trapezium are Now,
25 cm and 11 cm, while its non-parallel Area of t rapezium ABCD = (Ar ea of
sides are 15 cm and 13 cm. Find the parallelogram AECB) + (Area of ECB)
area of the trapezium. = (132 + 84) cm2 = 216 cm2
Note : We can find the area of trapezium
directly as follows:
We have, lengths of parallel sides
= 11 cm and 25 cm
Height of the trapezium = 12 cm
 Area of trapezium
1
= × Height × (Sum of the parallel sides)
2

1 
=   12  (25  11) sq cm
Soln: Let ABCD be a trapezium such that AB || 2 
DC, AB = 25 cm, DC = 11 cm, AD = 15 cm
and BC = 13 cm. 1 
=   12  36  = [36 × 6] = 216 sq cm
Draw CE || DA and CF  AB. 2 
Mensuration I (Area and Perimeter) 521

Quadrilateral 1 
=   20  (8.5  11) m2
A quadrilateral is a plane figure bounded by four 2 
sides. Thus ABCD is a quadrilateral. = (10 × 19.5) m2 = 195 m2.
Ex. 65: In quadrilateral ABCD shown in figure
given below, AB || DC and AD  AB.
Also, AB = 8 m, DC = BC = 5 m. Find the
area of the quadrilateral.

Area of quadrilateral ABCD

1
= (Length of a diagonal) × (Sum of the lengths
2
of perpendiculars from the remaining two
vertices on the diagonal).
Join DB. Draw AE and CF perpendiculars to DB
Quadrilateral ABCD = ABD + BDC
1 1 Soln: Clearly, ABCD is a trapezium, and AD
= × BD × AE + × BD × CF = CE is its height.
2 2
We have,
1 BE = AB – AE = AB – DC = (8 – 5) m
= × BD × (AE + CF) = 3 m.
2
Hence, the area of quadrilateral is equal to the In BCE, we have
product of one diagonals and half the sum of BC2 = BE2 + CE2
perpendiculars drawn on it from the other two or, 52 = 32 + CE2
vertices. or, CE2 = 25 – 9
Note: (i) The area of the quadrilateral can also be or, CE2 = 16
found if the lengths of all its sides and or, CE = 16 m = 4 m.

K KUNDAN
one diagonal is known, then the area of  Area of quadrilateral ABCD
each of the two triangles into which the
1
diagonal divides the quadrilateral can be = × (AB + DC) × CE
found. 2
( i i) This f or mula is also applicable t o a 1 
rectangle, a square, a parallelogram, a =   (8  5 )  4 m2 = 26 m2.
2 
rhombus or a trapezium for which we
have special formulae. Ex. 66: Find the ar ea of t he quadr i lat eral
ABCD, in which AB = 7 cm, BC = 6 cm,
CD = 12 cm, DA = 15 cm and AC = 9 cm.
Solved Examples Soln: The diagonal AC divides the quadrilateral
ABCD into two triangles ABC and ACD.
Ex. 64: The diagonal of a quadrilateral is 20
m in length and the perpendiculars to
it from the opposite vertices are 8.5 m
and 11 m . Fi nd t he ar ea of t he
quadrilateral.
Soln: In quadrilateral ABCD, we have AC = 20
m. Let BL  AC and DM  AC such that
BL = 8.5 m and DM = 11 m.

 Area of quadrilateral ABCD

= Area of ABC + Area of ACD
 Area of quadrilateral ABCD For ABC, we have
1 679 
= × AC × (BL + DM) s =    11 cm
2  2 
522 Concept of Arithmetic

 Area of ABC = s (s  a ) (s  b )(s  c )  Area of  ACD = s(s  a ) (s  b ) (s  c )

= 11 (11  6) (11  7) (11  9) = 42(42  41)(42  28)(42  15)

= 11 5  4  2 = 14  3  14  27
2 = 14 × 9 = 126 m2
= 440 sq cm = 20.98 cm
Hence, Area of quadrilateral ABCD
For ACD, we have = (Area of ABC) + (Area of ACD)
 9  12  15  = (180 + 126) m2 = 306 m2
s =    18 cm.
 2  Regular Polygons
 Area of ACD
A polygon is figure bounded by more than four
= 18 (18  9) (18  12) (18  15 ) straight lines. A polygon is said to be regular when
all its sides and angles are equal.
= 18  9  6  3 Polygon can be either convex or concave as
= 18 × 3 cm2 = 54 cm2 mentioned below.
Hence, area of quadrilateral ABCD A polygon in which none of its interior (internal)
= (20.98 + 54) cm2 = 74.98 cm2. angles is more than 180°, is known as a convex
Ex. 67: Find the area of a quadrilateral ABCD polygon.
whose sides are 9 m, 40 m, 28 m and On the other hand, if at least one angle of a
15 m respectively and the angle between polygon is more than 180º then it is said to be
the first two sides is a right angle. concave polygon.
Soln: Let ABCD be the given quadrilateral such We use the following terminology depending
that ABC = 90° and AB = 9 m, BC = 40 upon the number of sides of a polygon.
m, CD = 28 m, AD = 15 m. Number of sides Polygon
5 Pentagon
6 Hexagon
7 Septagon
8 Octagon

K KUNDAN
9 Nonagon
10 Decagon
11 Undecagon
12 Dodecagon
(i) Area of a regular polygon of n sides having given
the length of a side and the radius of the inscribed
cir cle
1
= × number of sides (n) × length of a side ×
2
radius of the inscribed circle
In ABC, we have AC2 = AB2 + BC2
[Using Pythagoras Theorem]
or, AC2 = 92 + 402 = 1681
or, AC = 41 m
1
Now, Area of ABC = (Base × Height)
2
1
= (AB × BC)
2
1 Let ABCDE be a regular polygon in which AB = a
= (9 × 40) m2 = 180 m2
2 and OG (the radius of the inscribed circle) = r
In ACD, we have Join OA, OB, OC, OD, OE. Thus the polygon is
AC = 41 m, CD = 28 m and DA = 15 m. divided into as many triangles as its number of
Let a = AC = 41 m, b = CD = 28 m and c sides.
= DA = 15 m. Then,  Area of polygon
1 = Area of AOB × Number of sides of t he
s = (a + b + c) polygon
2
1 1 n
= (41 +28 + 15) = 42 = × AB × OG × n = a r
2 2 2
Mensuration I (Area and Perimeter) 523

(a) Hexagon

It can be easily seen t hat t riangle AOB is Let ABCDE be a regular polygon of n sides with
equilateral. AB = a and OB (the radius of the circumscribed
circle) = R
3 2 Draw OG perpendicular to AB. Then OG is the
Area of equilateral triangle AOB = a
4 radius of the inscribed circle.

3 2
 a2 a 
 Area of hexagon ABCDEF = 6  OG = OB 2  GB2  R 2   
4 2
3 3a 2 Area of a regular polygon
=
2 2
n n a 
 ar  a R 2   
(b) Octagon 2 2 2
In the case of a hexagon, R = a and n = 6.
 area of a regular hexagon
2
6 a  3 3 2
 a a2     a
2 2 2

K KUNDAN
(iii) Some Important Results
(A) Interior Angle of a Regular Polygon: Each
Here it will be seen that the radius of the inscribed interior angle of a regular polygon of n sides is
cir cle º
n 2 
equal to   180  or 180° – (Exterior Angle).
a  n 
OG = OH + HG = + HG
2 (B) Exterior Angle of a Regular Polygon: Each
exterior angle of a regular polygon of n sides is
a
HG = KB = º
2  360 
equal to   .
 n 
a a  2 1 (C) In a convex polygon of n sides, we have:
 OG = 2  a 
2  2  ( i ) Sum of all interior angles
 
= (2n – 4) right angles
n = (n – 2) × 180°
 Area of octagon ABCDEFLM = a r ( i i) Sum of all exterior angles = 4 right angles
2
( i ii ) Number of diagonals of a polygon of n sides

=
8
a 

a 2 1  
 2a 2 2  1  = 
 n (n  1) 
 n
2 2  2 
(ii) The area of a regular polygon of n sides having Some Particular cases:
given the length of one side and the radius of the Regular Polygon Internal Angle
circumscribed circle Tr iangle 60°
2
Quadrilateral 90°
1
= × number of sides × side Radius 2   Side  Pentagon 108°
2  2  Hexagon 120°
Octagon 135°
Nonagon 140°
Decagon 144°
524 Concept of Arithmetic

(D) Circum-circle of a Regular Polygon: A Particular cases:

regular polygon can be inscribed in a circle which l Radius of in-circle of a regular hexagon
is known as the circum-circle or circumscribing
circle. The centre of this circle is also the centre a 3
cot 30º 
= a
of the polygon and the radius is known as the 2 2
circum-radius which is generally denoted by R. l Area of the in-circle of a regular hexagon
2
 3  3

=  a   a 2
2  4
 

Solved Examples
Ex. 68: Find the area of a regular hexagon
whose side is 10 cm long.

If a is the length of each side of a regular 3 3

polygon and R is the circum-radius, then we have Soln: Area of a regular hexagon = side 2
2
the following results:
Here, side = 10 cm.
a  180º  Hence, Area of the given regular hexagon
(a) R = cosec  
2  n  3 3
= 10 2  150 3 cm2
1  180 º  2
(b) Area of the polygon = na 2 cot  
4  n  Ex. 69: The area of a regular hexagon is 600
cm2 . Determine its perimeter.
or, Area of the polygon
Soln: W e know t hat t he area of a r egular
2  180 º   180 º 
= nR sin   cos   3 3
 n   n  hexagon is equal to side 2 .
2
(c) Area of the cir cum-circle of an n-sided

K KUNDAN  2  180 º   Area = 600 3 cm 2

regular polygon = a cosec 2  
4  n 
3 3
Particular cases: or, (side )2  600 3
2
l Area of a regular hexagon

6 2 3 3 2 2 1200 3
= a cot 30º  a or, (side ) 
4 2 3 3
l Area of cir cum-cir cle of a r egular or, (side)2 = 400
hexagon = a2 or, side = 20 cm.
l Perimeter = 6a. Each angle = 120º. So, perimeter = 6 (side) = (6 × 20) cm
(E) In-circle of a Regular Polygon: A regular = 120 cm.
polygon can also circumscribe a circle. A circle Ex. 70: Find to the nearest metre the side of a
having centre at the centre of a regular polygon r egul ar oct agonal enclosure whose
and touching all sides of it is called the in-circle. area is 1 hectare.
If a is the length of a side of a regular polygon
and r is the radius of the in-circle, then we have
Soln: Area of a regular octagon = 2 1  2 a 2  
the following results:
 
 2 1  2 a 2 = 1 hectare.
a  180º 
(a) r = cot  10000
2  n  a2 = sq cm
2(1  2 )
2  180 º  or, a2 = 2701 sq m approx.
(b) Area of polygon = nr tan 
 n   a = 46 metres approx.
(c) Area of the in-circle of an n-sided regular Ex. 71: A square and a regular hexagon have
equal perimeters. Compare their areas.
 2  180 º 
polygon = a cot 2   Soln: Let P be the perimeter of both a square
4  n  and a regular hexagon.
Mensuration I (Area and Perimeter) 525

Th en , Ex. 74: A regular hexagon is inscribed in a

P circle of radius 5 cm. Find the area of
side of the square = and the circle which is outside the hexagon.
4
P [Use  = 3.14 and 3 = 1.73]
side of the regular hexagon = . Soln: Area of the circumcircle
6
= (radius)2 =  × 52 = 25  cm2
P2 = 25 × 3.14 cm2 = 78.5 cm2
 A1 = Area of the square = (side)2 =
16 We know that the area of a regular polygon
A2 = Area of the regular hexagon of n sides is given by
 180    180  
3 3 3 3 P
2
3 2 nR 2 sin   cos  ;
= sdie 2     P  n   n 
2 2 6 24
where R is the radius of the circumcircle.
A1 P 2 16 3 Here, n = 6, R = 5 cm.
 A   . So, Area of the regular hexagon
2 3P 2 24 2 3
= 6 × 52 × sin 30° × cos 30° cm2
Hence, ar eas of t he squar e and t he
hexagon are in the ratio 3 : 2 3 . 1 3
= 150 ×  cm2
Ex. 72: The side of a regular pentagon is 10 2 2
cm. Find its area. = 64.875 cm 2
[Take Cot 36° = 1.3763] Hence,
Soln: The area of an n-sided regular polygon is required area = Area of the circumcircle
– Area of the hexagon
n  180º   2 = 78.5 - 64.875 cm2
 cot    sides .
 4  n  = 13.625 cm2
Here, n = 5 and side = 10 cm Circle
5 A circle is a geometrical figure consisting of all
 Area of the pentagon = (cot 36°) (10)2
4 those point s in a plane which are at a giv en

K KUNDAN
= 125 cot 36° cm2 distance from a fixed point in the same plane.
= 125 × 1.3763 The fixed point is called the centre of the circle
= 172.04 cm2 and the constant distance is known as its radius.
Ex. 73: Find the difference between the area (plural radii)
of a regular hexagon each of whose
side is 72 cm and the area of the circle
inscribed in it.
22
(Take  
).
7
Soln: W e know t hat the area of an n-sided
In the given figure, O is the centre and r is the
1  180 º 
regular polygon is na 2 cot   and radius of the circle. A circle with centre O and
4  n  radius r is generally denoted by C (O, r).
The wor d cir cle is of ten used f or t he
1  180 º 
area of the incircle is a 2 cot 2  ; circumference.
4  n 
where a is the side of the polygon. (i) Some Important Terms
Here, a = 72 and n = 6. (a) Circular Region: The part of the circle that
 Required area consists of the circle and its interior is called the
circular region.
1  180 º  1 2  180 º 
= na 2 cot  2
  a cot   A circular region is also called a circular disc
4  n  4  n  as shown in the figure given below.
1 1 22
=  6  722 cot 30º   722 cot2 30º
4 4 7


= 7776 3  12219.42 cm2 
= (13468.42 - 12219.42) m 2
= 1249 cm2.
526 Concept of Arithmetic

(b) Chord of Circle: A line segment joining Thus, we have

any two points on a circle is called a chord of the 22
circle. It should be noted that a chord is not a part  = 3.14 (approximately) = (approximately)
7
of the circle.
Circumference
In the figure given below, PQ is a chord of the Now, = 
circle. Diameter
C
or, =   C = 2r
2r
Thus, circumference C of a circle of radius r is
given by C = 2r
If d denotes the diameter of the circle.
Then, d = 2r
(c) Diameter: A chord passing through the centre  C = d
of a circle is known as its diameter. Note:The number  is not a rational number, but
Note that a circle has many diameters and a its value upto two decimal places coincides
diameter of a given circle is one of the largest chords 22 22
of the circle. Also, all diameters are of the same with . So, we take the value of  as .
7 7
length. In the remaining part of this chapter, unless
(d) Semi-Circle: Clearly, if d is diameter of a stated otherwise, the value of  will be taken
circle of radius = r, then d = 2r. 22
as .
7
(iii) Area of a Circle
In this section, we shall first obtain the formula
for the area of a circle and then the same will be
used to solve some simple problems.
To obtain the formula for the area of a circle, let
us consider the following.
A diameter of a circle divides the circumference
Draw a circle of any radius (say, 2 cm) on a thin
of a circle into two equal parts each of which is
card-board. Cut it out, and by folding divide it into

K KUNDAN
called a semi-circle.
four equal sectors. Cut these four sectors out, and
(e) Quadrant: Two perpendicular diameters of
bisect each of them by folding.
a circle divide its circumference into four equal
parts each of which is known as a quadrant.
(f) Concentric Circles: Circles having the same
cent re but wit h different radii are said t o be
concentric circles.
The figure given below shows two concentric
circles.

Now you have got eight sectors, arrange these

as shown in the figure below.

(g) Congruent Circle: Two circles are said to

be congruent if and only if either of them can be
superpassed on the other so as to cover it exactly.
It follows from the above definition that two circles
Next bisect each sector, as before, and so get 16
are congruent if and only if their radii are equal.
equal sectors. Rearrange these as shown in the
(ii) Circumference of a Circle figure below.

The perimeter of a circle is called its circumference.

The ratio of the circumference of a circle and
its diameter is always constant.
 Circumference 
The ratio   = 3.14 (approximately)
 Diameter 
Now notice that as the number of sectors is
This ratio is denoted by  (Pi). increased, each arc is decreased; so that
Mensuration I (Area and Perimeter) 527

( i ) the outlines AB, DC tend to become straight Hence,

lines, and
1
( i i) the angles at D and B tend to become right (a) Arc of a sector of 1° = × circumference
angles. 360
Thus, when t he number of sect or s is
D
indefinitely increased the figure ABCD ultimately Arc of a sector of D° = × circumference
becomes a rectangle whose length is the semi- 360
circumference of the circle, and whose breadth is its Hence, Arc of the sector
radius. Sector angle Circumference
Hence area of the circle =  of the circle
360 
1
= (circumference)  (radius) 1
2 (b) Area of a sector of 1° = × area of circle
360
1 D
 2r  r  r 2
= Area of a sector of D° = × area of circle
2 360
Hence, area A of a circle of radius r cm is Hence, Area of the sector
given by
A = r2 Sector angle
= × Area of the circle
A 360
Also, r = (c) To show that area of sector

Note:Area of a semi-circle 1
= × radius × length of arc.
1 1 2 2
= (Area of the circle) = r
2 2 Proof. Area of a sector of D°
Area of a quadrant of a circle D
= × area of circle
1 1 2 360
= (Area of the circle) = r .
4 4 D 1
= × × radius × circumference
360 2

K KUNDAN
(iv) Area Encl osed By Two Concentric
Circles D 1
= × circumference × × radius
If R and r are radii of two concentric circles, then 360 2

1
= arc × × radius
2

1
= radius × length of arc
2
Note: A quadrant is a part of the circle contained
Area enclosed by the two circles between two perpendicular radii. Hence a quadrant
is a sector of 90°.
 R 2  r 2  (R 2  r 2 )  (R  r )(R  r )
(vi) Area of Segment
(v) Sector—Its arc and Area Any chord of a circle, which is not a diameter,
The angle at the centre of a circle contains four such as AB, divides the circle into two segments,
right angles or 360°. Hence, if through the centre one greater and one lesser than a semi-circle.
of a circle we draw 360 radii making equal angles
with one another, 360 angles of 1 degree each
would be formed at the centre. Since equal angles
at the centre are subtended by equal arcs, the
whole circumference would be divided into 360
equal arcs and the area of the circle would be
divided into 360 equal sectors.

Greater segment is called major segment and

lesser segment is called minor segment.
528 Concept of Arithmetic

It will be seen from the figure t hat area of Ex. 76: A pi ece of wi re i n t he form of a
segment ACB = sector OACB – OAB. rectangle 8.9 cm long and 5.4 cm broad
The area of the segment ADB will be found by is reshaped and bent into the form of
subtracting the area of the segment ACB from the a circle. Find the radius of the circle.
area of the circle. Soln: We have,
Note: Area of a minor segment of angle  in a Length of the wire
circle of radius r is given by = Perimeter of the rectangle
= 2 (l + b)
2  θ 1 
A = r   sin θ  (Always Remember) = 2 × (8.9 + 5.4) cm
 360  2  = 28.6 cm
Let the wire be bent into the form of a
(vii) Some Particular Cases circle of radius r cm. Then,
(a) Area of a semi-circle : The sector of a semi- Circumference = 28.6 cm
circle is 180°. or, 2r  28.6
 Area of a semi-circle
22
 180   1 or, 2   r  28.6
=   r 2    r 2 7
 360   2
(b) Area of a quadrant : The sector angle of a 28.6  7
or, r = cm
quadrant of a circle is 90°. 2  22
 Area of a sector of circle
286  7
 90   1 or, r = cm = 4.55 cm.
 r 2   r 2 2  22  10
= 
 360   4 Ex. 77: A copper wire, when bent in the form of
(c) Angle descr ibed by minut e-hand in 60 a square, encloses an area of 484 cm2 .
minutes = 360°. If the same wire is bent in the form of
 Angle described by minute-hand in one a circle, find the area enclosed by it.
 360   22
minute =   = 6°.
(Use   ).
 60  7
Thus, minute-hand r ot at es through an

K KUNDAN
Soln: Area of the square = 484 cm2.
angle of 6° in one minute.
 Side of the square
(d) Angle described by hour-hand in 12 hours
= 360° = 484 cm = 22 cm
 Angle described by hour-hand in one
[  Area = (side)2  side = Area )
 30    1 
minute =    So, perimeter of the square = 4 (side)
 60    2  = (4 × 22) cm = 88 cm.
Thus, hour -hand r ot at es t hr ough Let r be the radius of the circle. Then,
Circumference of the circle = Perimeter of
 360    1 
     in one minute. the square
 12  60   2 
or, 2r  88

22
Solved Examples or, 2 
7
 r  88

Ex. 75: The ratio of the radii of two circles is or, r = 14 cm

2 : 5. What i s t he r ati o of t hei r  22 
circumferences?
2
 Area of the circle = r    14 2  cm2
 7 
Soln: We have, ratio of radii = 2 : 5. So, let the
r adii of t wo cir cles be 2r and 5r = 616 cm2
respectively. Ex. 78: The diameter of the wheel of a car is
Let C1 and C2 be the circumference of two 77 cm. How many revolutions will it
circles of radii 2r and 5r respectively. make to travel 121 km.
Th en , Soln: We have,
diameter of the wheel of the car = 77 cm
C1  2  2r  4r and C2  2  5r  10r  Circumference of the wheel of the car
C1 4r 2  22 
 C  10 r  5 = d =   77  cm = 242 cm
2  7 
or, C1 : C2 = 2 : 5. Note that in one revolution of the wheel,
Mensuration I (Area and Perimeter) 529

the car travels a distance equal to the

or, r 2  616 [  Area = r2]
circumference of the wheel.
 Distance travelled by the car in one 22 2
revolution of the wheel = 242 cm. or,  r  616
7
Total distance travelled by the car
= 121 km = 121000 m 2 616  7
= 12100000 cm or, r 
22
 Number of revolutions
or, r2 = 28 × 7
 12100000  or, r2 = 196
=   = 50000
 242 
 r  196 cm = 14 cm
Ex. 79: The circumference of a circle exceeds
Hence, radius of the circle = 14 cm.
the diameter by 30 cm. Find the radius
Ex. 82: A race track is in the form of a ring
of the circle.
whose inner circumference is 352 m,
Soln: Let the radius of the circle be r cm.
and the outer circumference is 396 m.
Th en ,
Find the width of the track.
Circumference of the circle = 2r cm
Soln: Let the outer and inner radii of the ring
Diameter of the circle = 2r cm
be R metres and r metres respectively.
It is given that the circumference of the
Th en ,
circle exceeds its diameter by 30 cm.
 2r = 2r + 30
22
or, 2   r = 2r + 30
7

44r
or,  2r  30
7
44r
or,  2r  30
7
2R= 396 and 2r = 352

K KUNDAN
44r  14r
or,  30 22
7 or, 2   R  396 and
7
30r
or,  30 22
7 2  r  352
7
7  30
 r = cm = 7 cm 7 1
30 or, R = 396   and
22 2
Ex. 80: The circumference of a circle is 44 cm.
Find its area. 7 1
Soln: Let the radius of the circle be r cm. Then, r = 352  
22 2
Circumference = 44 cm
or, R = 63 m and r = 56 m.
or, 2r = 44
Hence, width of the track
22 = (R – r) metres = (63 – 56) metres
or, 2   r  44
= 7 metres.
7
Ex. 83: The inner circumference of a circular
44  7 track is 220 m. The track is 7 m wide
or, r = cm = 7 cm ever ywher e. C al culat e t he cost of
2  22
 Area of the circle = r2 putting up a fence along the outer circle
at the rate of Rs 2 per metre.
 22   22 
=   72  cm2 =   7  7  cm2 22
 7   7  (Use   ).
7
= 154 cm2
Ex. 81: The area of a circle is 616 cm 2 . Find Soln: Let the inner and outer radii of the circular
the radius of the circle. t r ack be r met res and R metr es
Soln: Let the radius of the circle be r cm. respectively. Then,
We have, Inner circumference = 220 metres
Area of the circle = 616 cm2 or, 2r = 220
530 Concept of Arithmetic

diameter is cut off. Find the area of

22
or, 2   r = 220 the remaining part.
7 Soln: Length of the rectangle ABCD
 r = 35 m = AB = 20 cm
Since t he t r ack is 7 met r es wide Breadth of the rectangle ABCD
everywhere. Therefore, = BC = 14 cm
R = Outer radius = r + 7 = (35 + 7) m
= 42 m.
 Outer circumference = 2R
 22 
= 2   42  m = 264 m.
 7 
Rate of fencing = Rs 2 per metre
 Total cost of fencing
= (Circumference × Rate)
= Rs (264 × 2) = Rs 528.
 Area of rectangle ABCD
= (20 × 14) cm2 = 280 cm2.
Diameter of the semi-circle
= BC = 14 cm
 Radius of the semi-circle = 7 cm.
Area of the semi-circular portion cut off
from the rectangle ABCD
Ex. 84: A circular grassy plot of land, 42 m in
1  1 22
di am et er , has a pat h 3.5 m wi de
running round it on the outside. Find
=
2
 
r 2   
2 7

 72  cm2 = 77 cm2

the cost of gravelling the path at Rs 4  Area of the remaining part = Area of
per square metre. rectangle ABCD - Area of semi-circle
 42  = (280 - 77) cm2 = 203 cm2
Soln: Radius of the plot =   m = 21m. Ex. 86: The circumferences of two circles are
 2 
in the ratio 2 : 3. Find the ratio of their

K KUNDAN Soln:
ar eas.
Let r1 and r2 be the radii of two given circles
and C1 and C2 be their circumference. Then,
C1 = 2r1 and C2 = 2r2
Now, C1 : C2 = 2 : 3
C1 2
or, C  3
2
2r1 2 r1 2
or 2r  3 or r  3
2 2
Let A1 and A2 be the areas of two circles.
Th en ,
Radius of the plot including the path
= (21 + 3.5) m = 24.5 m. A1 = r12 and A2 = r22
 Area of the path
r12 r12

= (24.5)2  (21)2 m2  A1
 A  
r22 r22

4
9
2
 
=  (24.5 )2  (21)2 m2
 r1 2 r12 4 
= 24.5  2124.5  21 m2    2  
 r2 3 r2 9 
= 45 .5 3.5  m2  A1 : A2 = 4 : 9
Hence, the areas of two given circles are
 22  in the ratio 4 : 9.
=   45.5  3.5  m2
 7  Ex. 87: The areas of two cir cles are in the
= 500.5 m2 ratio 16 : 25. Find the ratio of their
Hence, cost of gravelling the path circumferences.
= Rs (500.5 × 4) = Rs 2002. Soln: Let r1 and r2 be the radii of two circles and
Ex. 85: A paper is in the form of a rectangle let their areas be A1 and A2 respectively.
ABCD in which AB = 20 cm and BC = 14 Th en ,
cm. A semicircular portion with BC as A1  r12 and A 2  r22
Mensuration I (Area and Perimeter) 531

Now, A1 : A2 = 16 : 25 [Given] Soln: Let ABCD be the given square each side
of which is 14 cm long. Clearly, the radius
or, r12 : r22 = 16 : 25 of each circle is 7 cm.

r12 16 r12 42
or,  or 
r22 25 r22 52

r1 4
  ..... (i)
r2 5
[Taking square root of both sides]
Let C1 and C 2 be the circumferences of
two circles. Then,
C1 = 2r1 and C2 = 2r2. We have:
Area of the square of side 14 cm long
C1 2r1 r1 = (14 × 14) cm2 = 196 cm2
 C  2r  r
2 2 2 Area of each quadrant of a circle of radius
7 cm
C1 4 1  1 22
or, C  5
2
.... [Using (i)] =
4
 
r 2   
4 7

 7 2  cm2

 C1 : C2 = 4 : 5 = 38.5 cm2
Hence, the circumf er ences of t he t wo  Area of 4 quadrants
circles are in the ratio 4 : 5. = 4 × 38.5 cm2 = 154 cm2.
Ex. 88: A square park has each side of 100 m. Hence, area of the shaded region
At each corner of the park, there is a = Area of the square ABCD – Area of 4
flower bed in the form of a quadrant quadrants
of radius 14 m as shown in the figure = (196 – 154) cm2 = 42 cm2.
giv en bel ow. Fi nd t he ar ea of t he Ex. 90: An arc subtends an angle of 36º at the
remaining part of the park. centre of a circle of radius 3.6 cm, find
the length of the arc.
22

K KUNDAN
(Take   ). Soln: We know that the length of an arc of a
7 circle of radius r is given by
Soln:
 D  D
  circumfere nce  =  2r
 360  360
Here, D = 36° and r = 3.6 cm
 Length of the arc
 36 22 
=   2  3.6  cm = 2.26 cm.
 360 7 
Ex. 91: A sector is cut from a circle of radius
21 cm. The angle of the sector is 150°.
Area of each quadrant of radius 14 m Find the length of its arc and area.
Soln: The arc length l and area A of a sector of
1 1 22
=
4
 
r 2  
4 7
 14  14 [  r = 14]
angle D° in a circle of radius r are given
D
2 by l =  r and
= 154 m 360
 Area of 4 quadrants = (4 × 154) m2
D
= 616 m2. A =  r 2 respectively.
Area of square park having side 100 m 360
long = (100 × 100) m2 = 10,000 m2 Here, r = 21 cm and D = 150°
Hence, area of the remaining part of the
 150 22 
park = (10000 - 616 =) 9384 m2. l=   2  21 cm = 55 cm
Ex. 89: Four equal circles are described about  360 7 
the four corners of a square so that
 150 22 
each touches two of t he other s as And, A =    212  cm 2
shown in figure. Find the area of the  360 7 
shaded region, each side of the square
 1155 
measuring 14 cm. =   cm2 = 577.5 cm2
 2 
532 Concept of Arithmetic

Soln: Let A1 and A2 be the areas of sectors OAB

1
Ex. 92: The area of a sector of a circle is th and OCD respectively. Then,
10
of the area of the circle. Find the angle
of the sector.
Soln: Let the radius of the circle be r cm and the
sector angle be of x°. Then,
 x 
Area of the sector =   r 2  cm 2
 360º 
and, Area of the circle = r2 cm2
It is given that: A1 = Area of a sector of angle 30° in a
circle of radius 7 cm.
1
Area of the sector = × Area of the circle  30 22 
10 =    72  cm2
 360 7 
xº 1
or,  r 2   r 2  D 2
360º 10 Using A  360  r 
 
1 360
or, x =  r 2  77
10 r 2 =
6
cm 2
or, x = 36 Area of a sector of angle 30° in a circle of
Hence, the sector angle is of 36°. radius 3.5 cm.
Ex. 93: A 36° sector of a circle has area 3.85
cm 2 . What is the length of the arc of  30 22 
=    3.5 2  cm 2
the sector?  360 7 
Soln: Let r cm be the radius of the circle. We
have, sector angle = 36° and area of the  1 22 7 7  77
=      cm2 = cm2
sector = 3.85 cm2. 12 7 2 2  24
We have,  Area of the shaded region = A1 – A2
Area of the sector

K KUNDAN
 77 77  77
 Sector angle  =    cm2 =  4  1 cm2
=   Area of the circle   6 24  24
 360º 
77
36º 22 2 = cm2 = 9.625 cm2
or, 3.85 =  r 8
360º 7
Ex. 95: The perimeter of a sector of a circle of
2 3.85  360  7 radius 5.2 cm is 16.4 cm. Find the area
or, r  of the sector.
36  22
Soln: Let OAB be the given sector. Then
or, r2 = 12.25
Perimeter of sector OAB = 16.4 cm
or, r = 12.25 cm = 3.5 cm
Now,
Area of the sector
1
= × length of the arc × radius
2
1
or, 3.85 =  length of the arc  3.5
2
or, length of the arc
or, OA + OB + arc AB = 16.4 cm
3.85  2
= cm = 2.2 cm or, 5.2 + 5.2 + arc AB = 16.4
3. 5 or, arc AB = 6 cm
Ex. 94: In the figure given below are shown Area of sector OAB
sector s of two concent ric circles of 1
radii 7 cm and 3.5 cm. Find the area = × length of the arc × radius
2
of the shaded region.
22 1 
(Use   ) =   6  5.2  cm2 = 15.6 cm2
7 2 
Mensuration I (Area and Perimeter) 533

Ex. 96: The area of an equilateral triangle is Ex. 98: The minute-hand of a clock is 10 cm
2 long. Find the area on the face of the
49 3 cm . Taking each angular point clock descri bed by the minute-hand
as centre, a circle is described with between 9 am and 9:35 am.
radius equal to half the length of the Soln: Angle described by the minute-hand in
side of the triangle as shown in figure. one minute = 6º.
Find the ar ea of the tr i angl e not So, angle described by the minute-hand
included in the circle. in 35 minutes = (6 × 35)° = 210°
Soln: Let each side of the triangle be a cm. Then,  Area swept by the minute-hand in 35
minutes = Area of a sector of angle 210°
in a circle of radius 10 cm
 210 22 
=    10 2  cm2
 360 7 
= 183.3 cm 2
Ex. 99: The short and long hands of a clock
are 4 cm and 6 cm long respectively.
Find the sum of distances travelled by
their tips in 2 days.
3 2
Area = 49 3 cm2 or a  49 3 22
4 (Take   ).
7
 3 
 Area  side 2  Soln: In 2 days, the short hand will complete 4
 4  rounds.
or, a2 = 49 × 4  Dist ance mov ed by it s t ip = 4
 a = 14 cm (circumference of a circle of radius 4 cm)
Thus, radius of each circle is 7 cm. 22 704
 
Now, required area = 4  2   4  cm = cm
 7  7
= Area of ABC – 3 × (Area of a sector of
angle 60° in a circle of radius 7 cm) In 2 days, the long hand will complete 48

K KUNDAN
rounds.
  60 22   Distance moved by its tip
= 49 3  3   7 2  cm2
  360 7  = 48 (cir cumf erence of a cir cle of
radius 6 cm)
= [49 3  77] cm2
 22  12672
= [49 × 1.73 – 77] cm2 = 7.77 cm2 = 48   2   6  cm = cm
 7  2
Ex. 97: The length of minute-hand of a clock is
14 cm . Fi nd t he ar ea swept by the Hence, the sum of the distances moved
minute-hand in one minute. by the tips of two hands of the clock
22  704 12672 
(Use   ). =    cm = 1910.57 cm
7  7 7 
Soln: Clearly, minute-hand of a clock describes Ex.100: Find the area of a segment of a circle
a circle of radius equal to its length ie 14 of r adi us 21 cm i f t he ar c of t he
cm. segment has measure 60°.
Since the minute-hand rotates through 6° Soln: Let O be the centre of the circle and PXQ
in one minute, therefore, area swept by the arc of the segment such that m(PXQ)
the minute hand in one minute is the area = 60º
of a sector of angle 6° in a circle of radius  POQ = 60º
14 cm. Now,
sector angle Area of sector POQ
Hence, required area =  r 2
360  60º 22 
=    21  21 cm2
 6 22   360 º 7 
=    14 2  cm2
 360 7 
1 
 1 22  =   22  3  21 cm2
=    14  14  cm2 3 
 60 7 
= 231 cm2
154
= cm = 10.26 cm2
2
15
534 Concept of Arithmetic

 In PNO,
ON
sin 30° =
OP
 ON = sin 30° × OP
1
 ON = (Hypotenuse)
2
1
[since, sin 30° = ]
2
1 1 
=  OP    6  cm = 3 cm
Since OP = OQ and POQ = 60º. 2 2 
Therefore, OPQ is an equilateral triangle. In OPN, we have
Therefore,
OP2  ON2  PN2
3
Area of OPQ = side 2 PN2  OP2  ON2
4
or, PN = OP 2  PN 2
 3 
 
=  4  21  21 cm2 or, PN = 36  9 = 27 cm = 3 3 cm
 
1.73  441  PQ = 2PN = 2  3 3 cm = 6 3 cm
= cm2 = 190.73 cm2
4 1
 Area of OPQ = × PQ × ON
 Area of segment PXQ 2
= Area of sector OPQ – Area of  OPQ 1
=  6 3  3 cm2  9 3 cm2
= (231 – 190.73) cm2 = 40.27 cm2. 2
Ex.101: If the arc of a segment of a circle has Hence,
measure 120°. If the radius of the circle Area of segment PXQ = Area of sector OPQ
is 6 cm, find the area of the segment.
Soln: Let O be the centre of the circle and PXQ – Area of  OPQ

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the arc of the segment such that m (PXQ)  264 
=   9 3  cm2
= 120°.  7 
 POQ = 120° = (38.142 – 15.588) cm 2
= 22.554 cm 2 [ 3  1.732]
Ex.102: A horse is placed for grazing inside a
rectangular field 70 m by 52 m and is
tethered to one corner by a rope 21 m
long. On how much area can it graze?
Soln: Shaded portion indicates the area which
the horse can graze. Clearly, shaded area
is the area of a quadrant of a circle of
radius r = 21 m.

120º
Now, Area of sector POQ =  r 2
360º
 120 º 22 
=    6  6  cm2
 360 º 7 
 1 22 
=    6  6  cm2
3 7  1 2
Hence, required area = r
264 4
= cm2
7  1 22 
=    212  cm2
Let ONPQ. Then OPN is right angled 4 7 
triangle, right angled at N and OPN = 693
30°. = cm2 = 346.5 cm2
2
Mensuration I (Area and Perimeter) 535

Ex.103: PQRS is a diameter of a circle of radius Ex.105: Find the area of the shaded region in
6 cm. The lengths PQ, QR and RS are the figure given below.
equal. Semi-circles are drawn on PQ and
QS as diameters as shown in the figure
given below. Find the perimeter of the
shaded region.

Soln: Clearly, radius of the bigger semi-circle

Soln: We have PS = diameter of a circle of radius = 14 cm
6 cm = 12 cm  Area of the bigger semi-circles
12 1 2 1 22
 PQ  QR  RS   4 cm = r    142 cm2 = 308 cm2
3 2 2 7
QS = QR + RS = (4 4) cm = 8 cm Radius of each of the smaller circle
Hence, required perimeter = 7 cm
= Arc of semi-circle of radius 6 cm + Arc  Area of 2 smaller semi-circles
of semi-circle of radius 4 cm + Arc of semi-
circle of radius 2 cm  1 22 
= 2   7 2  cm2  154 cm2
 (  6    4    2) cm  12 cm 2 7 
Ex.104: I n t he fi gur e gi v en bel ow, AO BC A Hence, required area
represents a quadrant of a circle of = (308 + 154) cm2 = 462 cm2
radius 3.5 cm with centre O. Calculate Ex.106: ABCD is a flower bed. If OA = 21 m and
the area of the shaded portion. OC = 14 m, find the area of the bed.
22 22
(Take   ). (Take   ).
7 7

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1 2
Soln: Area of quadrant AOBCA = r Soln: We have OA = R = 21 m and
4
OC = r = 14 m.
1 22  Ar ea of the f lower bed = area of a
=   3.5 2
4 7 quadrant of a circle of radius R – Area of a
1 22 7 7 77 quadrant of a circle of radius r
=     cm2 = 9.625 cm2
4 7 2 2 8 1 1 

4 4 4

R 2  r 2  R 2  r 2 
1
Area of  AOD =  Base  Height
1 22
2
 
4 7
 
212  142 cm2
1
= OA  OB   R  21 m and r  14 m
2

1  1 22 
= 3.5  2 cm2 = 3.5 cm2    21  14 21  14  m2
2 4 7 
Hence, area of the shaded portion
 1 22 
= Area of quadrant – Area of AOD    35  7 m2  192 .5 m2
= (9.625 – 3.5) cm2 = 6.125 cm2 4 7 
536 Concept of Arithmetic

Ex.107: ABCP is a quadrant of a circle of radius  BD = CD = 12 cm

14 cm. With AC as diameter, a semi- The centr e of the inscribed circle will
circle is drawn. Find the area of the  ABC
coincide wit h the cent r oid of
shaded portion.
1
Therefore, OD   AD
3
In  ABD, we have
AB 2  AD 2  BD2
[Using Pythagoras Theorem]
or, 242  AD2  122

or, AD  242  122

Soln: In the right-angled triangle ABC,  24  1224  12 

We have AC2 = AB2 + BC2
or, AC2 = 142 + 142  36  12  12 3 cm
or, AC  2  14 2  14 2 cm
1
 OD = AD cm
AC 14 2 3
or,   7 2 cm
2 2
Now, required area = Area APCQA 1 
= area ACQA – Area ACPA =   12 3   4 3
3 
= Ar ea ACQA – (Ar ea ABCPA – Area of the incircle
Area of ABC)
= (Ar ea of semi-cir cle with AC as
diameter) – [Area of a quadrant of
2  22
= OD  
 7
 
2
 4 3  cm2

a circle with AB as radius – Area of
ABC]  22 
  48  cm2  150 .85 cm2
 7 
 1  22
  2 

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2  7  7 2   Area of the triangle ABC
    
  1 22 2 1   cm 2 3 3
    14   14  14 

 4 7 2  =  side 2   24 2
4 4
 1 22 1 22  = 279.4 cm 2
 2  7  49  2  4  7  14  14
   Area of the remaining portion of the
2
 1  cm triangle
  14  14
 2 
 249.4  150.85 cm2
 154  154  98 cm2  98 cm2
Ex.108: In an equilateral triangle of side 24 cm,  98.55 cm2
a circle is inscribed touching its sides. Ex.109: Two circles touch externally. The sum
Find the area of the remaining portion of their areas is 130 sq cm and the
of the triangle. distance between their centres is 14 cm.
Find the radii of the circles.
(Take 3  1.732 ). Soln: Note that if two circles touch externally,
Soln: Let ABC be an equilateral triangle of side the distance between their centres is equal
24 cm, and let AD be perpendicular from to the sum of their radii.
A on BC. Since the triangle is equilateral, Let the radii of the two circles be r1 cm
so D bisects BC. and r2 cm respectively.
Let C1 and C2 be the centres of the given
circles. Then,
C1C2  r1  r2

or, 14  r1  r2  C1C2  14 cm (given)

or, r1  r2  14 .... (i)
It is given that the sum of the areas of two
circles is equal to 130 cm2.
Mensuration I (Area and Perimeter) 537

 r12  r22  130  Now area of shaded region

= Area of semi-circle PDR – Area of semi-
or, r12  r22  130 .... (ii) circle PEQ – Area of QFR – Area of circle
with centre A
Now, r1  r2 2  r12  r22  2r1r2
2
1 1 1  14 
or, 14 2  130  2r1r2 [Using (i) and (ii)] =   14 2    7 2    7 2   
2 2 2  3 
or, 196  130  2r1r2
 49 49 196 
=  98    
 r1r2  33 ... (iii)  2 2 2 

Now, r1  r2 2  r12  r22  2r1r2  196 

=    49  
 9 
or, r1  r2 2  130  2  33
22 245 22  35 770
[Using (ii) and (iii)] =   
7 9 9 9
or, r1  r2 2  64 = 85.56 cm 2.
Ex.111: Find the area of a right-angled triangle,
 r1  r2  8 ... (iv) if the radius of its circum-cirlce is 5
Solving (i) and (iv), we get cm and t he al ti t ude drawn t o the
r1 =11 cm and r2 = 3 cm hypotenues is 4 cm.
Hence, radii of the two circles are 11 cm Soln: We know that the circumcentre of a right-

K KUNDAN
and 3 cm. angled triangle is t he mid-point of its
Ex.110: In t he gi ven figur e, a semi cir cl e is hypotenues and the circum-radius is half
drawn with segment PR as diameter. of the hypotenues.
Q is the mid-point of segment PR, two
semicircles with segment PQ and QR as
diameters are drawn. A circle is drawn
which touches the three semicircles. If
PR = 28 cm, find the area of the shaded
region.
[ = 3.14]
Let ABC be the given triangle with right-
angle at B. Let O be the mid-point of
hypot enues AC. Let BD be the
perpendicular from B on AC. Then,
AC = 2(OA) = 2 × 5 = 10 cm
[  OA=radius of the circumcirlce=5 cm]
and, BD = 4 cm (given)
Soln: Let A be the centre of the circle touching
the three semicircles at points D, E and F 1
respectively.  Area of  ABC = (Base × Height)
2
Let r be the radius of the circle
1
1 = AC  BD
Then r  PR [From Geometry] 2
6
1
1 14 = (10  4) cm2
 r   28 cm = cm 2
6 3
= 20 cm2.
538
Practice Exercise
Exercise–1
(Rectangle, Square and Area of Path)
1. Calculate the area of a rectangle 23 metres 7
decimetres long and 14 metres 4 decimetres
8 centimetres wide.
2. Find the diagonal of a rectangle whose sides
are 12 metres and 5 metres.
3. How many metres of carpet 75 cm wide will
be required to cover the floor of a room which
is 20 metres long and 12 metres broad?
1
4. How many paving stones, each measuring 2
2 the paths at 25 paise per square metre,
metres by 2 metres, are required to pave a
rectangular courtyard 30 metres long and
1
16 metres broad?
2 15. A rectangular field 150 metres long and 100
5. A hall room, 39 m 10 cm long and 35 m 70
cm broad, is to be paved with equal square
tiles. Find the largest tile which will exactly
fit and the number required.
6. A wire is in the shape of a square of side 10
cm. If the wire is rebent into a rectangle of
lengt h 12 cm, f ind t he br eadt h. W hich
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encloses mor e ar ea, t he squar e or t he
rectangle?
7. The area of a square and a rectangle are equal.
If the side of the square is 40 cm and the
breadth of the rectangle is 25 cm, find the
length of the rectangle. Also find the perimeter
of the rectangle.
8. A map is drawn to a scale of 120 cm to the
km. How many square cm on the map will
represent a hectare of ground?
9. Find the width of a roller which traverses
128 sq km while cutting 6.4 hectares of grass.
10. The diagonal of a rectangular field is 15 m
and its area is 108 m2. What will be the cost
of fencing this field if the cost of fencing for
one metre is Rs 5.
11. A strip of paper 2.2 km long and .075 mm
t hick is rolled up into a solid cylinder .
1 20.
Assuming the area of a circle to be 3 times
7
the square of its radius, find approximately
the radius of the circular ends of the cylinder.
12. A square field containing 31684 square metres
is to be enclosed with wire placed at heights
1, 2, 3 and 4 metres above the ground. What
length of the wire will be needed, if the length
required for each circuit is 5% greater than
the perimeter of the field?
13. The area of a rectangular field is 27000 square
metres and the ratio between its length and
Concept of Arithmetic
breadth is 6 : 5. Find the cost of the wire
required to go four times round the field at Rs
740 per kilometre of length of the wire.
14. A rectangular park is 100 metres long and 80
metres wide. There are two paths, each 5
metr es wide, in t he middle of the par k
running one parallel to the length and the
other parallel to the width of the park. Find,
( i ) the area of the paths,
( i i) the expenditure involved in constructing
and
( i ii ) the expenditure involved in laying grass
in the remaining portion of the park at
5 paise per square metre.
metres wide, has within it a 10 metres wide
uniform path running round it. Find,
(i) the area of the path, and
( i i) the cost of cultivating the remaining part
of the field at Rs 1.50 per square metre.
16. A school hall 20 m long and 15 m broad is
surrounded by a verandah of uniform width
1
of 2 m. Find t he cost of f looring t he
2
verandah at Rs 2.50 per square metre.
17. A r oom is 8 m long and 6 m wide. It is
surrounded by a verandah. Find the width of
the verandah if it occupies 72 sq metres.
18. A path 2 m wide, running all around outside
a square garden occupies 204 sq metres. Find,
(i) the length of the square garden.
( i i) the area of the part of the garden enclosed
by the path.
19. A square carpet is spread in the centre of a
hall 9 m square leaving some margin of equal
width all around. The total cost of carpeting
at Rs 2.50 per sq m and decorating the margin
at 20 paise per sq m is Rs 163.40. Find the
width of the margin.
A rectangular field is 200 metres long and
121 metres broad. It is planted with trees in
rows perpendicular to the length, one metre
from row-to-row, and one metre from tree-to-
tree in the same row. If the width of a metre
all-round the field remains unplanted, find
the number of trees.
21. A path 2 metres wide running all-round a
square garden has an area of 9680 sq metres.
Find the area of the part of the garden enclosed
by the path.
22. A marginal walk all-round the inside of a
Mensuration I (Area and Perimeter) 539

rectangular space 37 m by 30 m occupies 570
sq metres. Find the width of the walk.
23. A garden, whose length is 22 metres, has a
path 1.5 metres wide on the two sides and at
one end. If it costs Rs 2460 to tur f t he
remainder at Rs 15 a sq metre, what is the
width of the garden?
24. In the centre of a room 10 metres square, there
is a square of turkey carpet, and the rest of
the floor is covered with oilcloth. The carpet
and the oilcloth cost respectively Rs 150 and
Rs 65 per square metre, and the total cost of
the carpet and the oilcloth is Rs 13385. Find
the width of the oilcloth border.

Exercise–2
(Triangle)

1. The base of triangular field is 880 metres and
its height 550 metres. Find the area of the
field. Also calculate the charges for supplying
water to the field at the rate of Rs 242.50 per
sq hectometre.
2. The base of a triangular field is three times
its height. If the cost of cultivating the field
at Rs 1505.52 per hectare is Rs 20324.52,
find its base and height.
3. Find the area of 1 triangular field whose sides
are 50 metr es, 78 met res, 112 met res
respectively and also find the perpendicular
f rom the opposit e angle on the side 112
metres. If it is lent at Rs 10000 per hectare,
find the rent of the field.
4. X is a point on side CD of a square ABCD
such that CX = 5 cm. If area of the triangle
ADX is 43 cm2, find the length of the side of
7. Find the area of an isosceles right triangle,
the length of whose each side containing the
right angle is 15 cm.
8. The sides of an equilateral triangle is 8 cm.
Find its area and the height.
9. From a point in the interior of an equilateral
triangle, perpendiculars drawn to the three
sides, ar e 16 cm, 20 cm and 22 cm
respectively. Find the area of the triangle.
10. A triangular park ABC has sides 120 m, 80 m
and 50 m (see figure). A gardener Dhania has
to put a fence all round it and also plant grass
inside. How much area does he need to plant?
Find the cost of fencing it with barbed wire
at the rate of Rs 20 per metre leaving a space
3 m wide for a gate on one side.

K KUNDAN
the square.
5. Find the area of a triangle, one of whose angles
is 90°, hypotenuse is 12.5 cm and the base is
7.5 cm.
6. The area of a triangle equals the area of a
square whose side is 45 m. Find the length
of the side of the triangle which is 75 m from
the opposite vertex.

Exercise–3
(Quadrilateral, Parallelogram, Rhombus, Trapezium and Regular Polygon)

1. Find the area of the quadrilateral ABCD in
which t he diagonal DB = 10 m and the
perpendiculars AL and CM drawn on it from
A and C are respectively 4 m and 6 m. (These
perpendiculars are called offsets).
3. Find the area of a quadrilateral piece of ground
ABCD in which AB = 85 metres, BC = 143
metres, CD = 165 metres, DA = 85 metres
and DB = 154 metres.

2. The sides of a parallelogram are 40 m and 30

m respectively and its diagonal is 50 m. Find
its area.
540
4. The perimeter of a rhombus is 146 cm and
one of its diagonals is 55 cm. Find the other
diagonal and the area of the rhombus.
5. The parallel sides of a field, which is in the
shape of a trapezium, are 20 m and 41 m and
the remaining two sides are 10 m and 17 m.
Find the cost of levelling the field at the rate
of Rs 30 per sq metre.
6. Ratio bet ween the par allel sides of t he
t rapezium is 1: 3, while r at io bet ween
unparallel sides of the trapezium is 2:3. Ratio
between bigger parallel and unparallel sides
Exercise–4
(Circle)
3
1. The radius of a circular wheel is 1 m. How
4 square inscribed in the entire circle of radius
many revolutions will it make in travelling
11 km?
2. The circumference of a circular garden is 1012
metres. Find the area. Outside the garden a
r oad of 3. 5 met r es widt h r uns r ound it .
Calculate the area of this road and find the
cost of gravelling the road at Rs 32 per 100 sq
metres.
3. A bicycle wheel makes 5000 revolutions in
moving 11 km. Find the diameter of the wheel.
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4. A boy is cycling such that the wheels of the
cycle are making 140 revolutions per minute.
If the diameter of the wheel is 60 cm, calculate
the speed per hour with which the boy is
cycling.
5. The diameter of the wheel of a bus is 140 cm.
How many revolutions per minute must the
wheel make in order to keep a speed of 66
km per hour?
6. A copper wire, when bent in the form of a
square, encloses an area of 484 cm 2. If the
same wire is bent in the form of a circle, find
the area enclosed by it.
(Use  = 22/7)
7. A wire is looped in the form of a circle of
radius 28 cm. It is re-bent into a square form.
Determine the length of the side of the square.
8. A bucket is raised from a well by means of a
rope which revolves round a wheel of diametre
75 cm. If the bucket ascends in 1 minute 12
seconds with a uniform speed of 1.3 m per
second, f ind t he number of complet e
revolutions made by the wheel in raising the
bucket.
9. The radius of circle is 20 cm. Three more
concentric circles are drawn inside it in such
a manner that it is divided into 4 equal parts.
Find the radius of the smallest circles?
Concept of Arithmetic
15 15
is 2:1. If height of the trapezium is ,
4
then find the area of the trapezium?
7. A regular hexagon of side 6 cm is inscribed
in a circle. Find the area of the region in the
circle which is outside the hexagon.
[Use  = 3.14, 3  1.732 ]
8. The diagonals of a rhombus are 8 cm and 6
cm, find the sides and the area.
10. Find the ratio of area of a square inscribed in
a semi-circle of radius r to the area of another
r.
11. Find to the three places of decimals the radius
of the circle whose area is the sum of the
areas of two triangles whose sides are 35,
53, 66 and 33, 56, 65 measur ed in
centimetres.
(Take  = 22/7).
12. PQRS is a diameter of a circle of radius 6 cm.
The length PQ, QR and RS are equal. Semi-
circles are drawn on PQ and QS as diameters
as shown in the figure below. Find the area
of the shaded region.
13. A square water tank has its side equal to 40
m. There are four semi-circular grassy plots
all round it. Find the cost of turfing the plots
at Rs 1.25 per sq cm.
(Use  = 3.14)
14. A rectangular park is 100 m by 50 m. It is
surrounded by semi-circular flower beds all
around. Find the cost of levelling the semi-
circular flower beds at 60 per sq metre.
(Use  = 3.14)
15. A park is in the form of a rectangle 120 × 100
m. At the centre of the park there is a circular
lawn. The area of the park excluding the lawn
is 8700 m 2. Find the radius of the circular
lawn.
(Use  = 22/7)
Mensuration I (Area and Perimeter)
16. In the figure given below, ABCD is a rectangle.
The radius of the semicircles drawn on AD
and BC as diameters and radius of circle drawn
in between is the same. If BC = 7 cm, find
the area of the shaded region.
17. An athletic track 14 m wide consists of two
straight sections 120 m long joining semi-
circular ends whose inner radius is 35 m.
Calculate the area of the shaded region.
18. In the given figure, the centre of the circle is
A and ABCDEF is a regular hexagon of side 6
cm. Find the following:
K KUNDAN
(i) Area of segment BPF
(ii) Area of the shaded portion.
19. Quadrilateral ABCD is a rectangle. Sectors
with centre C and D are drawn as shown in
the figure. If AB = 21 cm, CB = 14 cm, find
the area of the shaded portion.
2 0 . An equilateral ΔABC has each of its sides
14 cm with each of its vertices as centres,
and radius as 7 cm, arcs are drawn as shown
541
in the figure. Find the area of the shaded
region.
[ = 22/7, 3 = 1.73]
21. In a circle of radius 21 cm an arc subtends
an angle of 60º at the centre. Find
(i) the length of the arc,
(ii) the area of the sector bounded by the arc
and
( i ii ) the area of the segment made by this arc.
2 2 . A circular swimming pool is surrounded by a
circular path which is 4 m wide. If the area
11
of the path is th part of the area of the
25
swimming pool, then find the radius of the
swimming pool (in metres).
23. If the circumference of a circle is 80 cm, then
find the side of a square inscribed in the circle.
24. In the figure given below, square OABC is
inscribed in a sector OPBQ. If OC = 20 cm,
find the area of the shaded region.
(use  = 3.14)
542 Concept of Arithmetic

25. In the given figure, cresent is formed by two
circles which touch at the point A. O is the
centre of the bigger circle. If CB = 9 cm and
DE = 5 cm, find t he ar ea of t he shaded
portion.
30. In a right ABC, A = 90°, AB = 4 cm, AC = 3
cm. On its three sides as diameters, three
semi-circles are drawn as shown in the figure
given below. Find area of shaded parts.

31. The area of the shaded circular ring is 770

sq cm and the difference between the radii of
the two circles is 7 cm. Find the area of the
unshaded region.

26. Two circles touch internally. The sum of their

areas is 116 sq cm and the distance between
their centres is 6 cm. Find the radii of the
circle.
27. Find the area of the shaded portion of the
given diagram. Give your answer correct to
three significant figures.

32. In t he f igur e giv en below, ABC is an

equilateral triangle of side 7 cm and segment
BC is diameter of the semicircle. Find the
area of the shaded region.
( 3 = 1.732)

K KUNDAN
28. Find the area of the shaded portion in the
given figure, where the arcs are quadrants of
a circle.

33. In the given diagram AC is a diameter of a

circle with radius 5 cm. If AB = BC and CD =
8 cm, calculate area of the shaded region.

29. Find the area of the shaded portion in the

figure given below:
[use  = 22/7]

34. In the figure as mentioned below, POQ and

ROS are diameters of a circle with centre O
Mensuration I (Area and Perimeter)
and radius 14 cm. Find the area of shaded
region.
(use  = 22/7).
35. A rectangular field is surrounded by four
semicircular flower-beds. If the length and
the breadth of the field are 6 m and 4 m
r espect iv ely, find t he cost of raising the
flower-beds at the rate of Rs 8 per m2.
(Take  = 3.14)
36. The length of the side of a square is 14 cm.
Taking vertices of the square as centres, 4
circles are drawn each with a radius of 7 cm.
Find the area of the region of the square that
remains outside the region of any of t he
circles.
37. A brick, 5 cm thick (high), is placed against a
wheel to act for a stop. The horizontal distance
of the face of the brick stopping the wheel
from the point where the wheel touches the
ground is 15 cm. What is the radius of the
K KUNDAN
wheel?
38. The length of the minute-hand of a clock is
10 cm. What is the area swept by the minute-
hand in one minute?
(Use  = 3.14)
39. A chord AB of a circle of radius 10 cm makes
a right angle at the centre of the circle. Find
the area of the major and minor segments.
(Take  = 3.14).
40. A chord AB of a circle of radius 15 cm makes
an angle of 60° at the centre of the circle.
Find the area of the major and minor segment.
(Take  = 3.14, 3 = 1.732).
41. In the given figure, two circular flower beds
have been shown in two sides of a square
lawn ABCD of side 56 m. If the centre of each
circular flower bed is the point of intersection
O of the diagonals of the square lawn, find
the sum of the areas of the lawn and the
flower beds.
543
42. Find the area of the shaded region in the
given figure, where ABCD is a square of side
14 cm.
43. Find the area of the shaded region in the
given figure, where ABCD is a square of side
10 cm and semi-circle are drawn with each
side of the square as diameter.
(use  = 3.14)
44. The circumference of a circle is 16.8 cm more
than its diameter. What will be the radius of
the circle?
(use  = 3.14)
45. A square has been inscribed in a circle. What
will be the ratio of the areas of circle and the
square?
46. The length of sides AB, BC and CA of a ABC
are 4 cm, 6 cm and 8 cm respectively. Three
sectors of circles drawn with centres A, B, C
and each wit h one centimetr e of radius,
starting and terminating with the sides of
the triangle are cut off. Find the area of the
remaining position of the triangle.
47. In a circle of radius 28 cm, an arc subtends
an angle of 72° at the centre. Find the length
of an arc and the area of the sector so formed.
48. The radii of three concentric circles are in
the ratio 1 : 2 : 3. Find the ratio of the area
between the two inner circles to that between
the two outer circles.
544 Concept of Arithmetic

Answers and explanations

Exercise–1

1. Length = 23.70 metres 7. Area of the square = (Side)2

Breadth = 14.48 metres = 40 cm × 40 cm = 1600 cm2
 Area = (23.70 × 14.48) square metres It is given that, the area of the rectangle
= 343.176 square metres = The area of the square
2. Length of the diagonal Area of the rectangle = 1600 cm2
Breadth of the rectangle = 25 cm
= 122  5 2 metres = 169 metres Area of the the rectangle = l × b
= 13 metres or, 1600 = l × 25
3. Area of carpet = Area of the floor 1600
= (20 × 12) sq metres  l = = 64 cm
25
3 Hence, the length of rectangle is 64 cm
Width of carpet = 75 cm = metre
4 Perimeter of the rectangle = 2 (l + b)
= 2 (64 + 25) cm
20  12 = 178 cm
 Length of carpet = = 320 metres
3 Hence, the perimeter of the rectangle is 178
4 cm.
8. 1 hectare = 10000 sq m
1 1000 metres are represented by 120 cm.
4. Area of courtyard = 30  16 sq m
2  (1000 × 1000) sq m are represented by
= 495 sq metres (120 × 120) sq m.
120  120
 1   1 sq m is represented by sq cm
Area of each paving stone =  2  2  sq m 1000  1000
 2   10000 sq m are represented by

K KUNDAN
495  120  120  10000 
 Number of stones required = = 99   sq cm = 144 sq cm
5  1000  1000 
5. 39 m 10 cm = 3910 cm 9. 128 km = 128000 m
35 m 70 cm = 3570 cm 6.4 hectare = (6.4 × 10000) sq m
The side of the largest square tile Imagining the grass area to be 128000 m long,
= HCF of 3910 and 3570 and as wide as the roller, we have
= 170 cm 1
6.4  10000
= 1 m 70 cm Width required = m = m = 50 cm
128000 2
3910  3570 10. Let the length of the rectangle be x metres
Number of tiles = = 483
170  170 and breadth be y metres.
6. Side of the square = 10 cm
Length of the wire = Perimeter of the square
= 4 × side = (4 × 10 =) 40 cm
Length of the rectangle = l = 12 cm. Let b be
the breadth of the rectangle.
Perimeter of the rectangle = Length of wire
= 40 cm
Perimeter of rectangle = 2 (12 + b)
Area of rectangular field = x × y = 108 m2 ... (i)
Thus, 40 = 2 (12 + b)
 Area of rectangle = length × breadth
or, 20 = 12 + b
And 152 = x2 + y2
 b = (20 – 12 =) 8 cm
or, 225 = x2 + y2 .... (ii)
The breadth of the rectangle = 8 cm.
Area of the square = (Side)2  In a right-angled triangle
= 10 cm × 10 cm = 100 cm2 Hypotenuse2 = Base2 + Height 2
Area of the rectangle = l × b = 12 cm × 8 cm From equations (i) and (ii)
= 96 cm2 (x + y)2 = x2 + y2 + 2xy
So, the square encloses more area even though = 225 + 2 × 108 = 441 = (21)2
its perimeter is the same as that of the rectangle. or, x + y = 21
Mensuration I (Area and Perimeter) 545

Now, the perimeter of the field common area from the sum of the areas of
= 2(length + breadth) the two paths.
 Perimeter of field = 2(x + y)  Area of the paths
= 2 × 21 = 42 metres = (500 + 400 – 25 =) 875 sq units.
 Cost of fencing the field = (42 × 5 =) Rs 210 ( i i) The expenditure involved in constructing
11. By rolling up a rectangular piece of paper it the paths
will be seen that the area of the longer edge
25 875
of the paper rolled into solid cylinder is equal = Rs  875 = Rs = Rs 218.75
to that of the circular end of the cylinder. 100 4
2.2 km = 2.2 × 1000 × 100 cm (iii) Area of the park = 100 × 80 = 8000 sq m
.075 mm = .0075 cm Area of the remaining portion of the park
= (8000 – 875 =) 7125 sq m
1
 (radius)2 × 3  The expenditure of laying grass in the
7 remaining portion of the park
= 2.2 × 1000 × 100 × 0.0075 sq cm
5
= Rs  7125 = Rs 356.25
 22  1000  100  75 7  100
 (radius) = 
2   sq cm
 10  10000 22  15. ( i ) Area of the field = 150 × 100 = 15000 sq m
 radius = 22.91 cm (Approx.) Length of the inner rectangle
12. Area of the field = 31684 sq m = {150 – (10 + 10) =} 130 m
 perimeter = 31684  4 metres
= 178 × 4 metres
105
 length of each circuit = 178 × 4 × m
100
Since the wire goes round 4 times.
 total length of wire required
105
= 178 × 4 × × 4 m = 2990.4 m
100

K KUNDAN
13. Let the length be 6x m and the breadth be 5x m.
 area = (6x  5x ) sq m = 27000 sq m
or, 30x 2 = 27000
or, x2 = 900
 x = 30
Hence length = 180 m and breadth = 150 m
Length of wire required to go round the field
four times = [4× 2(180 + 150)] m = 2.64 km
Width of the inner rectangle
= {100 – (10 + 10) =} 80 m
 Area of the inner rectangle
= (130 × 80 =) 10400 sq m
 Area of the path
= (15000 – 10400 =) 4600 sq m
( i i) The area of the remaining part of the field
to be cultivated = 10400 sq m
 required cost = Rs (2.64 × 740) Cost of cultivating the remaining part of
= Rs 1953.60
14. ( i ) The area of the path HG 3
the field = Rs  10400 = Rs 15600
= (100 × 5 =) 500 sq m 2
16. The area of the school hall ABCD
= (15 × 20 =) 300 sq m
The length of the rectangular region PQRS
 1 1 
=  20  2  2   25 m
 2 2 

The area of the path EF

= (80 × 5 =) 400 sq m
Area of the shaded portion
= (5 × 5 =) 25 sq m
The shaded portion is common to both
the roads, so while finding the actual area
of the paths, we should subtract this
546 Concept of Arithmetic

The width of the rectangular region PQRS Area of square PQRS = (x + 4)2 sq m
 1 1  (x + 4)2 = x2 + 204
= 15  2  2  m = 20 m or, x2 + 8x + 16 = x2 + 204
 2 2
Area of the rectangular region PQRS or, 8x = 204 – 16
= (25 × 20 =) 500 sq m 188 47 1
or, x    23 m
 Area of the verandah 8 2 2
= (500 – 300) sq m = 200 sq m
 The length of the square garden ABCD
Cost of flooring the verandah
1
5 = 23 m
= Rs 200 ×= Rs 500 2
2 ( i i) Area of the part of the garden enclosed by
17. Let the width of the verandah be x metres.
the path, ie, of ABCD
Area of the room ABCD = (8 × 6 =) 48 sq m
 47 47   2209 
=     = 552.25 sq m
 2 2   4 
19. Let the width of the margin be x m.
Area of the square hall ABCD = (9 × 9 =) 81 sq m
Area of the square hall PQRS = (9 – 2x)2 sq m
= 81 – 36x + 4x2 sq m

Length of PQRS = (8 + x + x) m = (8 + 2x) m

Width of PQRS = (6 + x + x) m = (6 + 2x) m
Area of PQRS = (8 + 2x) × (6 + 2x) sq m
= (48 + 28x + 4x2) sq m
Area of the room + area of the verandah
= (48 + 28x + 4x2) sq m
 48  72  48  28x  4x 2
or, 4x 2  28x  72

K KUNDAN
or, x 2  7x  18
or, x 2  7x  18  0
or, x 2  9x  2x  18  0
or, x (x  9)  2(x  9)  0
or, (x  9)( x  2)  0
 Either x = –9 or x = 2
x cannot be –9 because width of the verandah
Area of the margin = 81 – (81 – 36x + 4x2) sq m
= 81 – 81 + 36x – 4x2 sq m
= 36x – 4x2 sq m

 2
Cost of the carpet = Rs 81  36x  4x 

405  180 x  20 x 2
= Rs
 5
2

2
cannot be negative
Cost of decorating the margin
 x = 2
 Width of the verandah = 2 m 36x  4x 2
18. ( i ) Let the length of the square garden ABCD  2
= Rs 36x  4x 
1
5
 = Rs
5
be x metres.
It is given that total cost of carpeting at Rs
Area of the square garden ABCD
2.50 per sq m and decorating the margin at
= (x × x =) x2 sq m
20 paise per sq m is Rs 163.40.
Length of square PQRS
= (x  2  2)m  (x  4) m 405  180 x  20 x 2 36 x  4x 2
   163 .4
2 5
2025  900 x  100 x 2  72x  8x 2 1634
or, 
10 10
or, 2025  900x  100x 2  72x  8x 2  1634
or, 92x 2  828x  391  0
or, 92x 2  46x  782x  391  0
or, 46x(2x – 1) – 391(2x – 1) = 0
or, (46x – 391) (2x – 1) = 0
Mensuration I (Area and Perimeter) 547

Either 46x – 391 = 0  Area of the rectangle LTBQ

or, 2x – 1 = 0
 9680 
If 46x – 391 = 0 then =    2420 sq metres
 4 
391 23 1
x  8 m8 m The width LT = 2 metres
46 46 2
 2420 
391 23 1  LQ =    1210 metres
x  8 m8 m  2 
46 46 2  LM = (1210 – 2 =) 1208 metres
1  Area of the square LMNP = (1208)2 sq metres
If 2x  1  0 then x  m = 1459264 sq m = 1.459264 sq km
2
2 2 . Area of inner rectangle = (37 × 30 – 570) sq m
1 = 540 sq m
But the margin cannot be 8 m because the A little reflection will show that the difference
2
between the sides of the inner rectangle must
 1 1 be equal to the difference between the sides
length 9 m is less than  8  8  = 17 m of the outer rectangle.
 2 2
Hence, we must find two numbers whose
1
 x m product is 540 and difference (37 – 30 =) 7.
2 Now, if two numbers be x and y, then
(a + b)2 = (a – b)2 + 4ab = 49 + 4 × 540 = 2209
1
 Width of the margin = m = 50 cm  a + b = 47. But a – b = 7
2  a = 27, b = 20
20.
 37  27 
 the required width =   5 m
 2 
23.

K KUNDAN
Total length of the rectangular field in which
trees are planted = (121 – 2 =) 119 m
Hence, the total number of trees in a line
= (119 + 1 =) 120 trees.
Area of ABCD = (Rs 2460 ÷ Rs 15) sq m


 BC = 164 
= 164 sq metres
Now, length AB = (12 – 1.5 =) 20.5 metres
 20.5 metres × BC = 164 sq metres
2 
  8 metres
Distance up to which trees are planted  41 
= (200 – 2 =) 198 m  The required width = (8 + 1.5 + 1.5) metres
 total number of lines in which trees are to = 11 metres
be planted = (198 + 1 =) 199 lines 24.
 total number of trees = 120 × 199 = 23880
21.

Area of the square room = 10 m × 10 m

= 100 sq m
Let the areas of the carpet and oilcloth be x
sq metres and y sq metres respectively.
Hence, according to the question,
Let ABCD be the garden and LMNP be the
x + y = 100 ....(i) and
part enclosed by the path. Produce LM, MN,
150x + 65y = 13385
NP, PL to meet the sides of the outer square
or, 30x + 13y = 2677 ....(ii)
in Q, R, S, T. The rectangles TQ, QR, RS, ST
are all equal.
548 Concept of Arithmetic

Solving equations (i) and (ii), we have

x = 81
 The area of the square carpet is 81 sq
metres.
Therefore, the carpet is 9 metres in length
and breadth. But the room is 10 metres in
length and breadth.
Hence double t he widt h of t he border is
(10 – 9 =) 1 metre
= 81 : 19
1 By the Alligation Rule, the area of the square
 the width of the border = metre = 5 dm
2 carpet is 81 sq metres. Therefore, the carpet
is 9 metres in length and breadth.
Alternative Method:
But room is 10 metres in length and breadth.
The area of the square room = 100 sq metres
Hence double t he widt h of t he border is
 13385  (10 – 9 =) 1 metre
The mean cost per sq metre = Rs  
 100  1
 the width of the border = metre = 5 dm
= Rs 13.385 2

Exercise–2

 (s – a) = (120 – 50 =) 70 metres
Base  Height
1. Area of the field = (s – b) = (120 – 78 =) 42 metres
2 (s – c) = (120 – 112 =) 8 metres
 880  550 
=   sq metres  Area = 120  70  42  8 = 1680 sq m
 2 
2  Area  1680  2 
 440  550  Perpendicular = =   metres
=   sq hectometres
Base  112 
 100  100 

K KUNDAN
= 30 metres
= 24.20 sq hectometres
Rent per hectare = Rs 10000
Cost of supplying water to 1 sq hectometre
= Rs 242.50  10000  1680 
 Cost of supplying water to the whole field  required rent = Rs  
 10000 
= Rs 24.20 × 242.5 = Rs 5868.5
= Rs 1680
 20324 .52  27 4. Let ABCD be the given square and X is point
2. Area of the field =   hectares
 1505 .52  2 on side CD.
CX = 5 cm
1
Also, area of the field = × Base × Height
2
1 3
= × 3 × Height × Height = (Height)2
2 2
3 27
 (Height)2 = hectares
2 2
 27 2 
 (Height)2 =     9 hectares
 2 3 
= 90000 sq metres Let the length of the side of square be x cm.
 XD = (x – 5) cm
 Height = 90000 m = 300 m Now, ADX is a right-angled triangle
Also, Base = 3 × Height = 900 m
1
3. Here, a = 50 metres, b = 78 metres, c = 112  × (DX) × (AD) = 42
metres 2

1 1
 s = (50  78  112) metres or,  (x  5)  (x ) = 42
2 2
1  or, x2 – 5x – 84 = 0
=   240  metres = 120 metres or, x2 – 12x + 7x – 84 = 0
2 
Mensuration I (Area and Perimeter) 549

or, x (x – 12) + 7(x – 12) = 0

1
or, (x – 12) (x + 7) = 0 Area of AOC = x  16  = 8x sq cm
or, x = 12 because x  –7 2
 The side of square = 12 cm
5.

Let ABC be a right-angled triangle, 1

whose ABC = 90° Area of AOB = x  20   10x sq cm
2
 Hypotenuse, AC = 12.5 cm
Base, BC = 7.5 cm  Area of ABC
= area of BOC + area of AOC + area of AOB
 Perpendicular (AB) = AC2  BC2 = (11x  8x  10 x ) sq cm = 29x sq cm
= 2 2
(12.5)  (7.5 ) 3 2
But area of equilateral ABC= x sq cm
4
= (12 .5  7.5) (12.5  7.5)
3 2 3
= 20  5 = 100 = 10 cm  x  29 x or, x  29
4 4
1
 required area = × Base × Height 29  4 116
2 or, x    66.97 cm
3 3
1

K KUNDAN
=  7.5  10 = 375 sq cm
2 3
 Area of  ABC =  x2
6. Area of the square = (45 × 45 =) 2025 sq m 4
 Area of the triangle = 2025 sq m
Height of the triangle = 75 m = 1.732  66.972 = 1942.0 sq cm
 Required side of the triangle 4
10. For finding area of the park, we have
2025  2
= = 54 m 2s = 50 m + 80 m + 120 m = 250 m
75
7. Area of an isosceles right triangle  250 
ie s =    125 m
1  2 
= × (length of one of its two equal sides)2
2 Now, (s – a) = (125 – 120 =) 5 m
1 225 (s – b) = (125 – 80 =) 45 m
=  15 2 sq cm = = 112.5 sq cm (s – c) = (125 – 50 =) 75 m
2 2
Therefore, area of the park
3
8. Area of an equilateral triangle =  side 2 = s (s  a ) (s  b ) (s  c )
4
3 = 125  5  45  75 m2
=  8  8 sq cm
4
= 1.732 × 16 = 27.712 sq cm = 375 15 m 2

Also perimeter of the park = AB + BC + CA

Height of an equilateral triangle = 3
 side = 250 m
2 Ther ef or e, lengt h of the wire needed for
3 fencing
=  8 = 1.732 × 4 = 6.928 cm = 250 m – 3 m (to be left for gate)
2
9. Let each side of ABC be x cm. = 247 m
And so the cost of fencing = Rs (20 × 247)
1 = Rs 4940
 Area of BOC = x  22  = 11x sq cm
2
550 Concept of Arithmetic

Exercise–3

1. Here the area of the quadrilateral ABCD = the 3. Area of quadrilateral ABCD
area of the triangle ABD + the area of the = Area of triangle ADB + Area of triangle DBC.
1 1
triangle BCD = × BD × AL + BD × CM
2 2

1
= × BD (AL + CM)
2

In triangle ADB,
ie, The area of a quadrilateral
1  85  85  154 
× perimeter =    162 m
1  2 
= × diagonal × sum of offsets. 2
2
 Area of the triangle ADB
Ther ef or e, t he r equir ed ar ea of t he
quadrilateral = 162 (162  85 ) (162  85 ) (162  154 ) sq m
1 =
=  10  4  6 sq m 162  77  77  8
2 = 2772 sq m
1  In triangle DBC,
=   10  10   50 sq m  165  143  154 

K KUNDAN
2  1   231 m
× perimeter = 
2. Area of parallelogram ABCD 2  2 
= area of ABC + area of ACD  Area of the triangle DBC
= 2 area of ABC
( Each diagonal of a parallelogram bisects it) = 231 (231  165 ) (231  143 ) (231  154 ) sq m

= 231  66  88  77 = 10164 sq m
 Area of the quadrilateral ABCD
= (2772 + 10164) sq m
= 12936 sq m
4.

Semi-perimeter (s) of ABC

 50  40  30 
=    60 m
 2 

 Area of  ABC = s (s  a ) (s  b ) (s  c )
Let ABCD be the rhombus in which AC
= 60  (60  40 )  (60  30 )  (60  50 ) = 55 cm
 Perimeter of the rhombus = 146 cm
= 60  20  30  10
146
 AB = = 36.5 cm
= 360000 = 600 sq m 4
 Area of parallelogram ABCD = 2 × 600 sq m 55
= 1200 sq m and AO = = 27.5 cm
2
Mensuration I (Area and Perimeter) 551

6. Let x be present in the parallel sides of the

 BO = (36.5)2  (27.5)2 cm = 24 cm trapezium.
Hence the other diagonal BD = 48 cm  parallel sides are x and 3x.
1 Let k be present in the non-parallel sides of
Area of the rhombus = × AC × BC the trapezium.
2  Non-parallel sides are 2k and 3k.
1   According to the question,
=   55  48 
2  3x 2

= 1320 sq cm 3k 1
5. or, x  2k

Combining triangle AEC and BFD, we get a

triangle of base 6k – 2k = 4k and two other
sides are 2k and 3k.
 Semi-perimetre of combined triangle
Let ABCD be the trapezium such that AB||CD, 4k  2k  3k 9k
AB = 41 m, DC = 20 m, AD = 10 m and = x= =
2 2
BC = 17 m Area of the triangle
Draw CE||DA and CF  AB.
Clearly, AECD is a parallelogram = s (s  2k ) (s  3k ) (s  4k )
Now, EB = AB – AE = AB – DC [  AE = DC]
= (41 – 20 =) 21 m 9k  9k  9k  9k 
=   2k   3k   4k 
Also, EC = AD = 10m 2  2  2  2 
Thus, in ECB, we have

K KUNDAN
EB = 21 m, EC = 10 m and BC = 17 m
Let s be the semi-perimeter of the ECB. Then 9k  5k  3k  k 
=    
2  2  2  2 
 21  10  17 
s =    24 m
 2  k2
= 953
4
 Area of ECB = s (s  a ) (s  b ) (s  c )
3k 2
= 24 (24  21) (24  10 ) (24  17 ) sq m = 15
4
= 24  3  14  7 = 84 sq m ....(i) Also area of the triangle

1 1 15 15 k
Also, area of  ECB = × Base × Height =  4k   15 15
2 2 4 2

1 3k 2 k
= × 21 × (CF) ....(ii) or, 15 = 15 15
2 4 2
From equations (i) and (ii), we get  k = 10 units
21 Parallel sides are 20 units and 60 units.
 CF  84
2 1
84  2
 Area of trapezium = 20  60  15 15 units2
2 4
 CF = = 8 m
21
= 75 15 units2 .
 Area of parallelogram AECD = Base × Height
= AE × CF = (20 × 8 =) 160 sq m 7. Each side of the hexagon inscribed in the
Now, area of trapezium ABCD circle is 6 cm, the radius of the circle is 6 m.
= (Area of parallelogram AECD) + (Area of  ECB) 2
Area of the circle = r
= (160 + 84) sq m = 244 sq m = 3.14 × (6)2 = 3.14 × 36 = 113.04 cm2
 Cost of levelling the field at the rate of Rs
30 per sq metre = Rs (30 × 244) = Rs 7320
552 Concept of Arithmetic

3 3 1
Area of the hexagon = (side) 2 = 2 × AC × OB = AC × OB
2 2
3 3
=  (6)2  54 3 cm 2 1  1 
2 = × AC × BD  OB  2 BD 
= 54 × 1.732 = 93.53 cm2 2  
Hence the area of the region of the circle ie, the area of a rhombus
which is outside the hexagon
1
= 113.04 cm2 – 93.53 cm2 = 19.51 cm2. = × product of its two diagonals.
8. We know that the diagonals of a rhombus 2
bisect one another at right angles. Therefore Here, AC = 8 cm and BD = 6 cm
from the given figure the area of the rhombus  AO = 4 cm and BO = 3 cm
ABCD = area of the triangle ABC + area of the
triangle ADC = 2 × area of the triangle ABC.  AB = 42  32 = 5 cm
 Each side of the rhombus is 5 cm.
The required area of the rhombus
1
=  8  6 sq cm = 24 sq cm
2

Exercise–4

1. Distance to be travelled = 11 km = 11000 m Area of the road

= area of bigger circle – area of the garden.
3
Radius of the wheel = 1 m Radius of the bigger circle
4
 1 329

K KUNDAN
 Circumference of the wheel = 161  3  m = m
 2 2
 22 3
= 2   1  m = 11 m
22 329 329
 7 4
 area of bigger circle =   sq m
 In trav elling 11 m the wheel makes 1 7 2 2
revolution.
1
 In travelling 11000 m the wheel makes = 85046 sq m
2
 11000 
   1000 revolutions. 1
 11   area of road = 85046  81466
2. Area = r2, circumference = 2r 2
 2r = 1012 metres. 1
= 3580 sq m
1 7 2
 r = 1012 ×  m = 161 m
2 22
7161 32
 area of the garden = r2  required cost = Rs  = Rs 1145.76
2 100
22 3. Dist ance cov ered by t he wheel in one
=  161  161 sq m
7 revolution
= 81466 sq m Distance moved
=
Number of revolutions

 11   11 
=   km    1000  100  cm
 5000   5000 
= 220 cm
 Circumference of the wheel = 220 cm
Let the radius of the wheel be r cm. Then,
Circumference = 220 cm
or, 2r = 220 cm
Mensuration I (Area and Perimeter) 553

22 22
or, 2   r  220
or, 2   r  88
7 7
or, r = 35 cm
 diameter = 2r cm = (2 × 35) cm = 70 cm or, r = 14 cm
Hence, the diameter of the wheel is 70 cm.  Area of the circle

60  22 
4. Radius of the wheel = r = cm = 30 cm
2
= r    14 2  cm2  616 cm2
2  7 
Circumference of the wheel 7. Length of the wire = circumference of the
 22  cir cle
= 2r   2   30  cm = 1320 cm
 7  7  22 
Distance covered in one revolution = 2   28  cm [Using C = 2r ]
 7 
1320 = 176 cm ... (i)
= circumference = cm
7 Let the side of the square be x cm. Then,
 Distance covered in 140 revolutions perimeter of the square = length of the wire
or, 4x = 176 [Using (i)]
 1320 
=  140  cm = (1320 × 20) cm or, x = 44 cm
 7  Hence, the length of the side of the square is
 26400  44 cm.
= 26400 cm =   m
 100  75
8. Radius of the wheel = cm
 264  2
= 264 m =   km
 1000  Now, perimeter of the wheel = 2r
It is given that the wheels are making 140
 22 75   22  75 
revolutions per minute. So, distance covered = 2     cm
in one minute = Distance covered in 140  7 2   7 
revolutions Total time taken to pull up bucket is 1 minute
 264  12 seconds = (60 + 12 =) 72 seconds
=   km Distance travelled in one second = 1.3 m

K KUNDAN
 1000 
Distance travelled in 72 seconds
 Distance covered in one hour
= (1.3 × 72 =) 93.6 m or 9360 cm
 264  Let number of revolutions be N.
=   60  km = 15.84 km
 1000  According to the question,
Distance covered by bucket = perimeter of
Hence, t he speed wit h which t he boy is
wheel × number of revolutions made by the
cycling
wh ee l
= 15.84 km/hr
N × (perimeter of the wheel) = 9360 cm
5. Distance covered by the wheel in one minute
22  75
 66  1000  100  or, N ×  9360
=   = 110000 cm 7
 60 
Circumference of the wheel 9360  7
or, N =  39.70
 22  22  75
= 2   70  = 440 cm
 7  Number of complete revolutions = 39.
 Number of revolutions in one minute 9. Area of circle = r2, where r is the radius.
2
Area of the biggest circle =   20   400  cm
2
 110000 
=   = 250
 440 
1
6. Area of the square = 484 cm2 Area of the smallest circle =  400 cm2
4
 side of the square = 484 cm = 22 cm = 100 cm2

[ Area  (side)2  side  Area ]

So, Perimeter of the square
= 4(side) = (4 × 22) cm = 88 cm
Let r be the radius of the circle. Then,
circumference of the circle
= Perimeter of the square
2r = 88
554 Concept of Arithmetic

Now, if the radius of the smallest circle be r.  2 = Area of the second triangle
Now, according to the question,
= s (s  a ) (s  b ) (s  c )
r 2  100
or, r2 = 100 = 77  (77  33 ) (77  56 ) (77  65 )
or, r = 10
 radius of the smallest circle = 10 cm = 77  44  21  12
10. Each side of the square inscribed in semicircle = 7  11  4  11  3  7  3  4
= BC = OA = a
In right angle triangle OAB = 7 2  112  42  32
= 7 × 11 × 4 × 3 = 924 cm2 ....(ii)
Let r be the radius of the circle. Then,
Area of the circle = Sum of the areas of two
triangles
or, r 2  1   2

or, r 2  924  924

OA2 + AB2 = OB2 22 2
a2 or,  r  1848
or, a 
2
 r2 7
4 2 7
or, r  1848   84  7  588
5 2 22
or, a  r2
4 or, r  588  24.249 cm

4r 2 12. For semi-circle with diameter PS,

2
 a  Radius = 6 cm
5
 Area of the square inscribed in semicircle 1 2
 Area of such semi-circle = r
2 2
2 4r
= a  1 22 396
5 =  (6)2  cm2

K KUNDAN
Diagonal of the square inscribed in a circle 2 7 7
= 2r Diameter PS = 6 + 6 = 12 cm
1
Area of this square =  (2r )2  2r 2  12 
  4 cm
2  PQ = QR = RS = 
 3 
4r 2 2  QS = QR + RS = 8 cm
Required ratio = : 2r 2  : 1 or 2 : 5
5 5 For semi-circle with diameter QS, radius
11. For the first triangle, we have = 4 m
a = 35, b = 53 and c = 66 1 2 1 22 176
 Its area = r    (4)2  cm2
a  b  c  35  53  66  2 2 7 7
 s =    77 cm
2  2  For semi-circle with diameter PQ, radius
= 2 cm
1 = Area of the first triangle
1 22 44
= s (s  a ) (s  b ) (s  c )  Its area =   22  cm2
2 7 7
 Area of shaded region
= 77 (77  35 ) (77  53 ) (77  66 )
396 176 44 264
=    = 37.71 cm2.
= 77  42  24  11 7 7 7 7
13. Diameter of each of the semi-circle = 40 m.
= 7  11  7  6  6  4  11 40
 Radius, r =
2
= 7 2  112  62  22
= 7 × 11 × 6 × 2 = 924 cm2 ....(i)
For the second triangle, we have
a = 33, b = 56, c = 65
a  b  c  33  56  65 
 s =    77 cm
2  2 
Mensuration I (Area and Perimeter) 555

Let r be the radius of circular lawn

1 2
Area of each semi-circle = r
2 2 22 2
 r  3300 or r  3300
 Area of semi-circle grassy plots 7

1 2 3300  7
= 4 r  2r 2 or, r2 = = 150 × 7 = 1050
2 22
= 2 × 3.14 × 20 × 20 = 2512 sq m
 Cost of turfing the plots at the rate of Rs
r= 1050  (1050)1/2
1.25 per sq m = Rs (1.25 × 2512 =) Rs 3140.  Radius of the circular lawn = 32.40 m.
16. Area of rectangle ABCD
 100  = Length × Breadth = AB × BC
14. Radius of flower beds I and II =    50 m.
 2  = (3.5 + 7 + 3.5) × 7 = 98 cm2
Area of unshaded region
1 2 1
= r  r 2  r 2  2r 2
2 2

22 44
= 2  (3.5)2   3.5  3.5 = 77 cm2
7 7
1 2  Area of the shaded region
Area of each of flower beds I and II = r = Area of rectangle ABCD – Area of unshaded
2
region
1 = 98 cm2 – 77 cm2 = 21 cm2.
=  3.14  50  50 sq m = 3925 sq m 17. Area of the shaded region
2
= 2(Area of rectangle with sides 120m and 14m)
 Total area of flower beds I and II
+ 2[Area of the semi-circle with radius (35+14)
= 2 × 3925 = 7850 sq m
cm
Radius of each of flower beds III and IV
ie 49 cm - Area of the semi-circle with radius
 50  35 m]
=    25 m

K KUNDAN
 2   1 22 
= 2 (120 × 14) + 2  (49 2  35 2 )
1 2 2 7 
 Area of each of flower beds III and IV = r
2 22
= 2(1680)  (49  35) (49  35)
1 7
=  3.14  25  25 sq m = 981.25 sq m
2  22 
 Total area of flower beds III and IV =  3360   84  14  m2
 7 
= 2 × 981.25 sq m = 1962.62 sq m
= (3360 + 22 × 84 × 2) m2
 Total area of 4 semi-circular beds
= (3360 + 3696) m2 = 7056 m2
= (7850 + 1962.50) sq m = 9812.50 sq m
18. ( i ) Area of segment BPF
 Cost of levelling the flower beds at the rate
of 60 p per sq m = Area of sector ABPF – Area of  ABF

60
= Rs  9812.50 = Rs 5887.50
100
15. Area of rectangular park
= 120 m × 100 m = 12000 m2

Draw AK  BF
BAF is an angle of regular hexagon
 BAF =120° ....(1)
The perpendicular from the centre of a
Area of the park excluding the circular lawn circle to a chord disects the chord
= 8700 m2  BK = KF ....(2)
 Area of circular lawn AB = AF (Side of a regular hexagon)
= (12000 – 8700) m2 = 3300 m2 AK = AK (common side)
556 Concept of Arithmetic

 ABK  AFK (SSS congruence rule)

2 0 . Area of equilateral   3 (side)2
 BAK  FAK
4
Also BAK  FAK  BAF  120º
  BAK = 60º
  ABK is a 30º – 60º – 90º triangle

1 1
 AK= hypotenuse (AB) = 6  3
2 2

3 3
and BK  ( AB )   6  3 3 cm
2 2 3
= 14 2  1.732  196
BF = 2BK = 2 × 3 3  6 3 cm. 4 4
= 1.732 × 49 = 84.868 cm2
Now Area of sector ABPF
Area of three sectors
sector angle
=  r 2  sector angle  60 22
360 = 3  r 2     72
 360  120 7
120 = 11 × 7 = 77 cm2
=  3.14  62  12  3.14  37.68 cm2
360  Area of shaded region
= Area of equilateral  – Area of three sectors
1 = (84.868 – 77 =) 7.868 cm2.
Area of  ABF = BF  AK
2 21. The radius of circle = 21 cm
An arc ABC subtends an angle of 60º at the
1
= 6 3 3  9 3 centre = OA = OB = 21 cm
2
1
= 9 × 1.73 = 15.57 cm2  OAB  OBA  180 – 60  60
 Area of segment BPF 2
= Area of sector ABPF – Area of  ABF  OAB is equilateral.

K KUNDAN
= 37.68 m2 – 15.57 cm2 = 22.11 cm2.
( i i) Area of shaded portion
= Area of hexagon ABCDEF – area of ABF) A 21cm
3 3 60° O
=  62  15 .57
2
B
= 54 3  15.57 = 54 × 1.73 – 15.57
2 2 2
= 93.42 cm – 15.57 cm = 77.85 cm . 60 
19. Radius of sector CXB = 14 cm ( i ) Length of the arc = × circumference
360 

60 22
=  2  21 cm = 22 cm
360 7
60
( i i) Area of the sector = × area of the circle
360

60 22
Radius of sector DXY = 21 cm – 14 cm = 7 cm =   21  21 sq cm = 231 sq cm
360 7
90 22 (iii) Area of segment
Area of sector CXB =   14 2 = 154 cm2
360 7 = Area of sector – Area of equilateral  AOB
of side 21 cm
90 22
Area of sector DXY =   7 2 = 38.5 cm2
360 7  3 
 
Area of rectangle = ABCD = AB × BC =  231  4  21  21 sq cm
 
= 21 cm × 14 cm = 294 cm2
 Area of the shaded portion 1.732  441 

= Area of rectangle – Area of two sectors =  231   sq cm
= 294 – (154 + 38.5) = 294 – 192.5  4 
= 101.5 cm 2. = (231 – 190.953) sq cm = 40.047 sq cm.
Mensuration I (Area and Perimeter) 557

2 2 . Let the radius of the swimming pool be r m.

Width of the path = 4 m

Hence side of square

1  40  40
= 2a  2    2 cm
2   
Then area of the swimming pool = r2 sq m
and area of the swimming pool including the 24. OC = CB = 20 cm
path In right-angled OCB,

=  (r  4)2 sq m OB = 20 2  202  20 2cm

2 2 11 2
  (r  4)  r  r
25

11
It is given that the area of the path is th
25
part of the area of the swimming pool.

2 2 11 2
or, r  4  r  r  Radius of sector OPBQ = 20 2 cm.
25
Area of sector OPBQ
or, 25(r 2  8r  16)  25r 2  11r 2

or, 25r 2  200r  400  25r 2  11r 2

=
sector angle
360
 r 2 
90º
360
 3.14  20 2 
2

K KUNDAN
or, 11r 2  200r  400  0

 r 

r 
200  40000  17600
22

200  57600
22

200  240 440 40 40

=
1
4
 3.14  800 = 628 cm2

Area of square OABC = {(20)2 =} 400 cm2.

Hence the area of the shaded region
= Area of sector OPBQ – Area of square OABC
= 628 cm2 – 400 cm2 = 228 cm2.
25. Let r be the radius of inner circle and R be
the radius of outer circle
=  ,  20,
22 22 20 22
Since radius of the swimming pool cannot be
negative. Hence radius = 20 m.
23. Circumference of circle = 80 cm
40
or, 2r = 80 cm or r =cm

Let the side of square be 2a cm.
Since  from the centre of a circle to a chord
bisects the chord, Then, 2R  r   9 ...(i)
 OM = a and AM = a ΔAOD ~ ΔDOC
Now in right-angled triangle OAM, we have
OD OC
 
OA2  OM2  AM2 or r 2  a 2  a 2 OA OD
2 2 or, OD2  OA  OC or R  5 2  R R  9
 40  1  40 
or, ,    2a 2 2
or a   
   2   or, R 2  10R  25  R 2  9R or R = 25
 2(25 – r) = 9 [using (i)]
1  40 
or, a    or, 2r = 50 – 9
2   or, 2r = 41
558 Concept of Arithmetic

Total area of 4 unshaded corners

41
 r = = 20.5 = 78.5 × 4 = 314 m2
2  Area of shaded portion
2 2 = Area of rectangle – Area of 4 corners
Area of shaded portion = R  r = (728 – 314 =) 414 m2.
22 28. Required area
=  [(25)2 – (20.5)2] = 625  420.25 = Area of square – 4 × Area of one sector
7
1 2
22 = 14  14  4   7 
=  204.75 = 643.5 cm2. 4 
7
26. Let the radii of the given circles be R and r 1 22
respectively. = 196  4 
  49
4 7
 Sum of their areas = 116 cm2 = (196 – 154 =) 42 cm2.
29. Area of shaded region
 R 2  r 2  116
= Area of a square
or,  (R 2  r 2 )  116 – 2(Area of a semi-circle of radius 7 cm)
2  1 22 
or, R 2  r   116 ....(i) = 14   2   7  7
2 7 
If O and O be the centres of the given circles, = (196 – 154 =) 42 cm2.
then OO  R  r 30. In ABC, A = 90°
 By pythagoras theorem, we get
2 2
BC2  AB2  AC2 = (4)  (3)  25
 BC  25 cm = 5 cm

 R r  6 (Given) ....(ii)

K KUNDAN
Now, R  r 
2
2

or, R  r   6 2

or, R  r 2  232  36  196

 R  r  196  14
Solving (ii) and (iii), we get
2

 R  r   2 R  r 2
2

= 2 × 116 [Using (i) and (ii)]

....(iii)
Area of shaded portion

=
1
2
1 1
22  1.5 2  2.5 2
2 2
2R = 20
1 22
20 =  4  2.25  6.25
2 7
 R = = 10
2
11 137.5
 From (iii), 10 + r = 14 or r = 14 – 10 = 4 =  12.5   19.64 cm2.
Hence radii of the given circles are 10 cm 7 7
and 4 cm respectively. 31. Let r cm be the radius of the inner circle, then
27. Area of rectangle = (28 × 26 =) 728 m2 The radius of the outer circle = (r + 7) cm.
Area of the shaded region = 770 cm2
or,  (r  7)2  r 2  770

or,  (r 2  14r  49  r 2 )  770

22
or, 14r  49  770
7
or, 2r  7  35
Area of one corner (unshaded) or, 2r  28
1 1 314  r = 14
=  (10)2 =  3.14  100 = = 78.5 cm2
Radius of outer circle = (14 + 7) cm = 21 cm.
4 4 4
Mensuration I (Area and Perimeter) 559

Side of the square = 2 × 21 cm = 42 cm

AD = 5 2 , BC = 5 2 ]
 The area of the unshaded region of the
square 550
= (42)2 – 770 = (1764 – 770) cm2 = 994 cm2. =  24  25
32. 7
= 78.59 – 49 = 29.57 cm2.
34. From the given figure it can be seen that
Radius = OP = OR = OQ = OS = 14 cm
Taking the semi-circle POQS first
2
 OS 
Area of shaded small circle =   
 2 
Area of the shaded region
= Ar ea of the equilater al  + Area of the (OS)2 22  14  14
=  = = 154 cm2
semicircle 4 74
2 Now taking the semi-circle OPRQ
3 3 1 22  7 
= side 2  1 r 2 = 4
 7 2    
2 7 2  (OR)2
4 2
Area of the semi-circle OPRQ =
[  BC = 7 cm is the diameter of semicircle 2
22  14  14
7 = = 308 cm2
 r  cm ] 72
2
1
3 11 49 1.732 77 Area of triangle PRQ = × base × height
=  49     49  2
4 7 4 4 4
1
= 12.25 × 1.732 + 19.25 = × PQ × OR
= 21.22 + 19.25 = 40.47 cm2. 2
33. AC = 2 × radius = 2 × 5 cm = 10 cm.
1
As angle in a semi-circle is 90º. = × 14 × 28
So ADC = 90° and ABC = 90° 2

K KUNDAN
= 196 cm2
Area of shaded region in semi-circle OPRQ
= (308 – 196) cm2 = 112 cm2
The area of the shaded region = Area of shaded
region in semi-circle OPQR + Area of shaded
region in POQS = (154 + 112) cm2 = 266 cm2
35.

By pythagoras theorem;
AD2 = AC2 – CD2
= 102 – 82 = 100 – 64 = 36
 AD = 36 = 6 cm
and AB2 + BC2 = AC2
or, AB2 + AB2 =100
In the given figure PQRS is a rectangular field
or, 2AB2 =100
in which SR = 6 m and PS = 4 m. We have to
or, AB2 = 50
find the cost of shaded portion in the given
or, AB = 50  5 2 cm figure. The semicircle PAS and QBR makes a
complete circle of radius
 The area of the shaded region
= area of the circle – area of ADC – area of QR PS 4
=   = 2 m
ABC 2 2 2
 area of circle = r2 = 3.14 × 4 m2
2 1 1 Similarly, PCQ and SDR also makes a complete
= r  AD  CD  AB  BC
2 2 circle of radius
22 1 1 PQ SR 6
=  52   6  8   5 2  5 2 =   = 3 m
7 2 2 2 2 2
[  AD = 5 cm, CD = 8 cm  area of circle = r2 = 3.14 × 9 m2
560 Concept of Arithmetic

Total area in which flower is raised Here, r = 10 cm and D = 6°

= 3.14 × 4 + 3.14 × 9 = 3.14 × 13 m2  6  157
 total cost = (3.14 × 13 × 8 =) Rs 326.56  A =   3.14  10  10   sq cm
 360  30
36.
7
= 5 sq cm
30
39. Area of the minor segment
= Area of sector OAB – Area of the right-
angled triangle OAB

 90  1 
=   3.14  10  10     10  10   cm2
 360  2 
= (78.5 – 50) cm2 = 28.5 cm2
Area of the square = (14 cm)2 = 196 cm2. Area of the major segment
Area of circular part at one vertex = Area of the circle – Area of the minor segment
= [3.14 × 102 – 28.5] cm2
90º 22 154
=  77 = cm2 = [314 – 28.5] cm2 = 285.5 cm2
360º 7 4 Note: W e know that the area of a minor
154 segment of angle  in a circle of radius r is
 Total area of circular parts = 4
4 given by
= 154 cm2.   1 
A  r 2  sin  [Always Remember]
 Area of the region of the square that remains  360  2 
outside the region of any of the circle
= (196 – 154) cm2 = 42 cm2.
37. In the following figure, BDEF is the brick put
to stop the wheel.

K KUNDAN
Here, r = 10,  = 90°
2  3.14  90  1 
 A = (10 )   sin 90 cm2
 360  2 

 3.14 1 
= (10)2    cm2
Here BD = AC = EF = 5 cm  4 2
AB = CD = 15 cm
= [3.14 × 25 – 50] cm2
OA = OD = r (say) [Radius of the wheel]
= (78.5 – 50)cm2 = 28.5 cm2
In the OCD; OC = OA – CA = (r – 5) cm
40. We know that the area of a minor segment of
CD = 15 cm
Here, OD2 = OC2 + CD2 angle  in a circle of radius r is given by

or, r 2  (r  5)2  152

or, r 2  r 2  25  10r  225

or, 10r = 250
 r = 25 cm
Therefore, the required radius of the wheel
= 25 cm. 1
2   
38. Angle described by minute-hand in 60 minutes A = r   sin 
= 360°  360  2 
 Angle described by minute-hand in one 2  3.14  60 1 
360 = (15 )   sin 60  cm2
 360 2 
minute = = 6°
60
We know that the area A of a sector of angle  3.14 3
D, in a circle of radius r is given. = 225  6  4  cm2
 
D = 225 [0.5233 – 0.4330] cm2
A =  r 2
360 = 225 × 0.0903 cm2 = 20.317 cm2
Mensuration I (Area and Perimeter) 561

Area of the major segment Alternative Method:

= Area of the circle – Area of the minor segment Total area
= [3.14 × (15)2 – 20.317] cm2 = Area of sector OAB + Area of sector ODC +
= [706.5 – 20.317] cm2 = 686.183 cm2 Area of  OAD + Area of  OBC
Note: We can have another method for finding
area of the minor segment. Clearly, from the  90 22 90 22
=    28  56    28  56 
figure, triangle OAB is an equilateral triangle  360 7 360 7
with the side 15 cm.
Now, area of the minor segment 1 1 
 56  56   56  56  sq m
= Area of the sector OAB – Area of the 4 4 
triangle OAB
= 7  56 22  22  14  14 sq m
 60 2 3 
2 7

=  360    (15 )  4  (15 )  cm2
  = (56 × 72 =) 4302 sq m
42. Area of square ABCD
 = (14 × 14) sq cm = 196 sq cm
2 3.14 3
= 15  6  4  cm2  14 
  Diameter of each circle =   7 m
 2 
= 20.317 cm 2
41. Area of the square lawn ABCD = (56 × 56) sq m 7
Let OA = OB = x metres  Radius of each circle = cm
2
so, x2 + x2 = 562
or, 2x2 = 56 × 56 2  22 7 7 
 Area of one circle = r =     sq cm
or, x2 = 28 × 56  7 2 2
90 1
Now, area of sector OAB =  x 2     x 2 77
360 4 = sq cm
2
 1 22  Therefore, area of the four circles
=   28  56  sq m
4 7   77 

K KUNDAN
[Putting the value of x2 = 28 × 56] = 4    154 sq cm
 2 
1  Hence, area of the shaded region
Also, area of  OAB =   56  56  sq m = (196 – 154 =) 42 sq cm
4 
43.
(AOB = 90°)
So, area of flower bed AB
 1 22 1 
=    28  56   56  56  sq m
4 7 4 
1  22 
=  28  56   2  sq m
4  7 
1 8
=   28  56   sq m Let us mark the four unshaded regions as I,
4 7
II, III and IV as in the figure.
Similarly, area of the other flower bed Area of I + Area of III
1 8 = Area of ABCD – Areas of two semicircles
=   28  56   sq m of each of radius 5 cm
4 7
Therefore, total area  1 2
= 10  10  2     5  sq cm
 2 
 1 8 1 8
=  56  56   28  56    28  56   sq m = (100 – 3.14 × 25) sq cm
 4 7 4 7
= 21.5 sq cm
 2 2 Similarly, Area of II + Area of IV = 21.5 sq cm
= 28  56  2    sq m So, area of the shaded region
 7 7
= Area of ABCD – Area of (I + II + III + IV)
 18  = (100 – 2 × 21.5) sq cm
=  28  56   sq m = 4032 sq m = (100 – 43 =) 57 sq cm
 7 
562 Concept of Arithmetic

44. Let the radius of the circle be r cm.

As per given information,   12
=  180
2r  2r = 16.8 360
(  Sum of all the angles of a
or, 2r (  1) = 16.8 triangle is equal to 180°)
 22 
or, 2r  1 = 16.8 22

11
 7  = sq m
72 7
15  Area of the remaining portion of the triangle
or, 2r  = 16.8
7  11 
=  3 15   sq cm
16.8  7  7 
or, r = = 3.92 = (3 × 3.9 – 1.6) sq cm
2  15
= (11.7 – 1.6) sq cm
Hence, radius of the circle = 3.92 cm = 10.1 sq cm
45. 47.

Let the radius of circle be x. Area of the sector AOB

2 2
 Area of the circle = r  x Sector Angle
= × Area of the circle
A square has been inscribed in the circle. 360
 Diagonal of square = Diameter of circle = 2x
 72 22 
2x =    28  28  cm2
 Side of square =  360 7 
2
2464
= cm2 = 492.8 cm2
2x 2x 4x 2 5
 2x 2

K KUNDAN
 Its area =  
2 2 2 Length of the arc AB
2 2 Sector Angle
 Required ratio = x : 2x = × Circumference of the circle
360
22
= :2
7  72 22 
=   2  28  cm
= 11 : 7  360 7 
46.
= 176 cm = 35.2 cm
5
48. Let the radii of three concentric circles be x,
2x and 3x respectively.
 required ratio
Let a = 6 cm, b = 8 cm and c = 4 cm Area between the two inner circles
=
a b c 684 Area between the two outer circles
Semi-perimeter(s) =  = 9 cm
2 2
 (2x )2   (x )2
=
Area of the triangle = s (s  a ) (s  b ) (s  c )  (3x )2   (2x )2

= 9 (9  6) (9  8) (9  4) (4  1) x 2
=
= 9  3  1  5 = 3 15 sq m (9  4) x 2

r 2 3
Area of sectors = (Q1  Q2  Q3 ) = = 3 : 5
360 5