HISTORY: chapter 1 → judiciary (supreme court)

→ subdivided into regions and provinces (except metro manila)

geography → 5 constitutional changes
→ archipelago → 1943 constitution, japanese-sponsored
→ above the equator rd
→ 1935 constitution, 3 republic
→ 7017 islands
→ south china sea (north and west) → 1973 constitution, extended the term of pres. Marcos
→ pacific ocean (east) → 1987 constitution, presidency of cory aquino
→ celebes sea (south)
→ “mid-ocean archipelago state” FILIPINO TRAITS
→ manila bay, natural harbor → hospitality
→ philippine deep, sea trench → close family ties
→ mountainous → respect to the elders
→ mt. Apo (luzon) → sentimentalism
→ sierra madre (longest mountain range) → shame
→ western caraballo mountain range → utang na loob
→ caraballo de baler → pAKIKISAMA
→ eastern mountain range → SUPERSTITIOUS
→ central-eastern
→ central-western
→ western

volcanoes and earthquakes

→ 26, active
→ within the seismic belt
→ iraya (batanes
→ taal (batangas)
→ banahaw (quezon)
→ bulusan (sorsogon)
→ mayon (bicol)

climate
→ tropical and maritime
→ dry season (dec-may)
→ wet season (june-nov)
→ may, hottest; jan, coldest
→ typhoons; july, october

natural resources
→ rich soil
→ rich valleys, fertile plains
→ water resource
→ minerals and non-metallic minerals
→ oil (black gold)
→ ra 7586: biodiversity & conversion and habitat management
→ clean air act 1999
→ solid waste management 2000
→ clear water act 2004

economy
→ rice (main crop)
→ typhoons, floods
→ agricultural sector, backward
→ biofuel (jathropa)
→ farm lands to commercial/residential use
→ semiconductors, manufactured goods

population
–> men (67.89); women (73.85)
→ 92 million today
→ 84%, functionally literate
→ austronesian ethnic group

government
→ constitutional
→ executive (functions)
→ legislative (laws)