100 a —SSensile strength a a | \Neroportional limit “TTensile i ~ h —— | Stress, ksi g 3 Stroin hardening ap — a a oO 0.05 0.10 O15 0.20 0.25 Strain (a) 100; L Yield streni igth at 0.2 percent offset| 75|-—, Stress, ksi e 8 | : Yield strength at 0.5 percent extension AT under food | [Proportional lint | Jereste 25 7 ——— ! apa Plastic Strain hardening 0 0002 0005 FIGURE 2-18 0,010 Strain (6) 0.015 0.020 0.025-uonoas paonpas jo tBus| = y “ITY Jo sniper = y ‘s0yourep = q !yp8us] o8eF = 9 :suauoads punoy (g) uonsas dud jo yIpym = 9 fuonsas du jo tpBusj = g ‘uonses poonpor Jo wSus[ = y SypBua] [eIOAO = 7 fun ‘o[Ty Jo super = y fssouyorp = 1 Spa = 1 !yVusl oBeH = 9 :suousods ye,y (p) ‘suoutpads uodnos prepurig LIt FANS (9) SNOISN3WIG 2) ‘SNOISN3WIO a ee chit 3| T 2 aaa po a 7 bS-+248 GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS [TABLES FOR TH eae ae im Table 2-4 Applicable ASTM Specifications A for Various Structural Shapes Fain. | Fy, ‘Applicable Shape Series Yield | Tensil HSS: Steel ASTM ‘Stress | Stress* 3 Type | Designation | (ksi) | (cst) | W He Rect.| 3 | Pre steet | ast ae | | seer | Type_| Design ‘ae [5 | : a4 aps can ee ‘A500 6 38 “A523 | ee caren cae 7 eS ‘igh- - SA | 36 | 98 Strength r 180) 6B 50 70 tow. | A872] uso | so] 65-100 ay | oe Gr 55 55 | 70-100 cae | | @ a i ra ses | 20 | = feta, ssre{.56 [35 [70 Wo coo] 60] 75 svergh os cues | 65 | m0 a seengo [| cate | som | 708 tov [48 "G | so [es | Paes soy sof sor | Iemoees | 451 60 60 75 Alloy (ence! 5, 80 [Guenched w_[ 0} m= | 0 | i Corrosion 42) 63 rev | 242 [aah [ or = Poteet High- 50! To! Cl = Other applica Seng | s0_| 7 1 = Materia pact eon A847 50 70 Minimum unless @¢ > Applicable to bars 0 I = Prelered mati soecticatin Ate sts 2] = Other eppicabie material specication, the avalalty of which shoud be confimed prior to speciation [= Material specication doesnot appiy ® inna unis a ange is sown, ® For shapes over 426 ht, ny te minimum of 58 laps © For Sapes with a ange bikes ess iano equal to 1%. nT Improve weldaity 2 maximum carbon equvalnt cn be oped (per AST Supplementary Requirement $7) dase, maximum tense sess of 9 kl canbe speci (per ASTM Supplementary aguroment $73). i deste, ax tne sss of 7 sl can be epee per ASTM Supplementary Requrement 3%), For shapes vith 2 ange icknass sth equal 2 Ion. ASTI ABTS can alo be spect as cain estan see ASTIN AGT. Mmm pas far vals amily in hex and under For wa hicks vin, B)— AG ard, 67 ka ease, maximum yi stress of 65 ks and maxirum ye-o-ens stent ato of 0.85 can be secied (per ASTM Supplementary Fegureren 75), ‘maximum yett-fersle sven ati of 0.8 and carbon eel oui ae neue as mandatary in ASTM AS, For shapes wa flange thickras rete than 2, oly For shapes wa ange thickness eter thn in. and es than o eau 2 ony. far stapes wih 2 fange thickness les than or eq to 12. ok AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CoNSTRUCTION116 esicn oF steEL strUCTURES a fe = Fi q+ ES ofl (o) w (a) Welded bor be te = ==> (6) UM plote (e) Flome -cut plate | te fe be (cl # from UM plates (1) 4 from Home -cut plotes FIGURE 34 ‘Thermal residual stresses. compressive stresses in the remainder of the cross section, These stresses are called residual stresses. Figure 3-1a shows a typical distribution of residual stress in a standard W shape. These stresses also vary across the thickness, so the pattern shown represents averages of the across-thickness values. Variation across the thickness is discussed in Art. 4-7 (see Fig. 4-18). Both magnitude and distribution of thermal residual stress are influenced to a considerable degree by the geometry of the cross section. Thus, in one investi- gation of W sections, the flange-tip stress f,, of Fig. 3-1a varied from 4.1 to 18.7 ksi, the average being 12.8 ksi (Ref. 1). The residual stress at the center of the web varied even more, ranging from 41 ksi compression to 18.2 ksi tension. This means that some W's developed residual tension over the entire web, instead of‘amo UTES SsaH1s aBeIaKe TO SsONS TENpIsos Jo souaNTIUT z'5'9 einbia ‘4 @ paraiyse sey yarn ease sauenipur uoruod papeys 2 ujens amssosdsoa a6evany € z L ao : “18 1 g = 2 ssantienpsasou Bunuieru09 uednoa jap) sedeys papiom ur uonnamstp ssans penpisas jeordky g'g°9 esnbis ‘sodeys potjoz uo waned ssans penpwsa: peoidky, 1'¢°9 eunbig xoq Papin, H papiom \ | age — Dol (2) vowsuay t + (} worse2sdu09, (aw 0821 1 op Aes [BD ean on aah, fe ea ve) 154 21 Ae feaw Opt) 194 07 Aes