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Types of Turbine Thier Application
Types of Turbine Thier Application
ITS UTILIZATION
What is a TURBINE???
A turbine is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy
from a fast moving flow of water, steam, gas, air, or other
fluid and converts it into useful work.
Moving fluid acts on the blades so that they move and impart
rotational energy to the rotor.
WORKING PRINCIPLE:
The working principle is very much simple.
• When the fluid strikes the blades of the turbine, the blades are
displaced, which produces rotational energy.
• When the turbine shaft is directly coupled to an electric gene-
-rator mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical power is known as hydroelectric power.
Basic types of turbines
• Water Turbine
• Steam Turbine
• Gas Turbine
• Wind Turbine
• Francis Turbine
• Kinetic Turbine
Kaplan Turbine
• The Kaplan turbine is a water turbine which has adjustable
blades and is used for low heads and high discharges.
• It was developed in 1913 by the Austrian professor Viktor
Kaplan.
• The Kaplan turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine, which
means that the working fluid changes pressure as it moves
through the turbine and gives up its energy.
• The inlet is a scroll-shaped tube that wraps around the
turbine's wicket gate. Water is directed tangentially through the
wicket gate and spirals on to a propeller shaped runner,
causing it to spin.
The Kaplan turbine having drop height: 10 - 700 m and Flow
rate 4 - 55 m3/s
Kaplan Turbine
Applications
• Kaplan turbines are widely used throughout the world for
electrical power production. They cover the lowest head hydro
sites and are especially suited for high flow conditions.
• Inexpensive micro turbines on the Kaplan turbine model are
manufactured for individual power production with as little as
two feet of head.
• Large Kaplan turbines are individually designed for each site
to operate at the highest possible efficiency, typically over
90%. They are very expensive to design, manufacture and
install, but operate for decades.
Francis Turbine
• The Francis turbine is a type of water turbine that was
developed by James B.Franceis and are used for medium
head(45-400 m) and medium discharge.(10-700 m^3/s)
• The Francis turbine is a type of reaction turbine, a category of
turbine in which the working fluid comes to the turbine under
immense pressure and the energy is extracted by the turbine
blades from the working fluid.
• The turbine's exit tube is shaped to help decelerate the water
flow and recover the pressure.
• Water flow is radial from exterior to interior.
Francis Turbine
Applications
• Francis type units cover a head range from 40 to 600 m (130 to
2,000 ft).
• Its efficiency decreases as flow decreases.
• They may also be used for pumped storage, where a reservoir
is filled by the turbine (acting as a pump) driven by the
generator acting as a large electrical motor during periods of
low power demand.
Kinetic Turbines
• Kinetic energy turbines, also called free-flow turbines,
generate electricity from the kinetic energy present in flowing
water.
• The systems may operate in rivers, man-made channels, tidal
waters, or ocean currents.
• Kinetic systems utilize the water stream's natural pathway.
• They do not require the diversion of water through manmade
channels, riverbeds, or pipes,
• They might have applications in such conduits.
• Kinetic systems do not require large civil works; however,
they can use existing structures such as bridges, tailraces and
channels and do not require any dam or reservoir.
Kinetic Turbines
Steam Turbine
• A steam turbine is a device that extracts thermal
energy from pressurized steam and uses it to do
mechanical work on a rotating output shaft.
• This turbine was invented by Sir Charles Parsons in 1884
• Steam turbines are used for the generation of electricity
in thermal power plants, such as plants using coal fuel oil
or nuclear fuel.
• Steam turbines are made in a variety of sizes ranging
from small to large . used as mechanical drives for
pumps, compressors and other shaft driven equipment,
used to generate electricity (upto1.5 GW) .
Stream Turbine
Applications
• Fuel used are biomasses, coal etc.