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User's Guide: Computer Program For Analysis of Beam-Column
User's Guide: Computer Program For Analysis of Beam-Column
November 1994
US Army Corps
of Engineers
Waterways Experiment
Station
Computer-Aided Structural
Engineering(CASE) Project
BI
DEC 1 3 1994
D'rIC OvtI Tt
Final report
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
--- HO L TEC
A U.BS.ARMYENGINEER
RWATERWAYS EXPERIMENT
STATION
Dawkins, William P.
User's guide : computer program for analysis of beam-column structures with nonlinear
supports (CBEAMC) / by William P. Dawkins ; prepared for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers;
monitored by U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station..
110 p. :ill. ; 28 cm. -- (Instruction report ; ITL-94-6)
Includes bibliographic references.
1. CBEAMC (Computer program) -- Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Structural frames --
Computer programs. 3. System analysis -- Data processing. 4. Columns -- Foundations
- Computer programs Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. United States. Army. Corps of Engi-
-
II. U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station. Ill.Wneers.
Information Technol-
ogy Laboratory (US Army Corps of Engineers, Waterways Experiment Station) IV.
Computer-aided Structural Engineering Project. V. TitRle. VI. Title: Computer program for
analysis of beam-column structures with nonlinear supports (CBEAMC) VII. Series: Instruc-
tion report (U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station) ; ITL-94-6.
TA7 W34i no.ITL-94-6
Contents
Preface ................................................ v
Conversion Factors, Non-SI to SI Units of
M easurem ents ........................................... vi
1- Introduction .......................................... 1
G eneral ............................................. 1
Organization of Report .................................. 1
Disclaim er ........................................... 1
2- Beam-Column System ................................... 2
General ............................................. 2
B eam ............................................... 2
Displacem ents ......................................... 3
Applied Loads ........................................ 3
Fixed Supports ........................................ 4
Concentrated Linear Spring Supports ......................... 4
Distributed Linear Spring Supports .......................... 4
Concentrated Nonlinear Spring Supports ...................... 5
Distributed Nonlinear Spring Supports ........................ 5
Characteristics of Nonlinear Springs ......................... 5
3- Finite Element M odel ................................... 7
G eneral ............................................. 7
N odes .............................................. 7
Variations in System Properties ............................ 8
Elem ents ............................................ 8
Node Equilibrium ...................................... 10
Iteration ............................................. 14
Effect of Node Spacing on Solution ......................... 15
4- Computer Program ..................................... 16
G eneral ............................................. 16
Input Data ........................................... 16
Global Coordinate System ................................ 16
Displacement and Load Sign Conventions ..................... 16
Nonlinear Spring Conventions ............................. 17
Concentrated Nonlinear Springs ............................ 17
iii
Distributed Nonlinear Springs .............................. 18
Data Generation ....................................... 19
Properties of Beam Cross Section ........................... 19
Node Spacing Data ..................................... 19
Distributed Loads ...................................... 21
Distributed Linear Springs ................................ 21
Distributed Nonlinear Springs .............................. 22
Output Data .......................................... 22
Echoprint of Input Data .................................. 23
Summary of Results .................................... 23
Complete Results ...................................... 23
Graphics Output ....................................... 24
Sign Conventions for Output .............................. 24
5- Example Solutions ..................................... 26
Example 1: Fixed End Beam .............................. 26
Example 2: Beam on Uniform Elastic Foundation ............... 45
Example 3: Pile Head Stiffness Matrix ....................... 53
Example 4: Anchored Retaining Wall ........................ 60
R eferences ............................................. 80
Appendix A: Guide for Data Input ............................ Al
SF 298
iv
Preface
This user's guide describes the computer program CBEAMC which can be
used for analysis of general beam-column structures supported and/or loaded
by components which interact with the displacements of the beam-column.
The work in writing the computer program and user's guide was accomplished
with funds provided to the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station
(WES), Vicksburg, MS, by Headquarters, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Civil
Works Directorate, under the Structural Engineering Research Program work
unit of the Computer-Aided Structural Engineering (CASE) project.
The program and user's guide were written by Dr. William P. Dawkins,
P.E., Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, under IPA agreement No.
93-15-M with WES.
V
Conversion Factors, Non-SI to
SI Units of Measurement
Multiply By To Obtain
vi
1 Introduction
General
This report documents a computer program--CBEAMC--for analysis of
general beam-column structures supported and/or loaded by components which
interact with displacements of the beam and/or column.
Organization of Report
The remainder of this report is divided into the following chapters:
Disclaimer
The computer program described in this report has been checked to ensure
that the results are accurate within the limitations of the procedures employed.
However, there may be unusual situations which were not anticipated, and
these situations may cause the program to produce questionable results. It is
the responsibility of the user to judge the validity of the results. No responsi-
bility is assumed by the author for the design or behavior of any structure
based on results obtained with the program.
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
2 Beam-Column System
General
The general beam-column system considered for analysis is shown in Fig-
ure 1. Characteristics and assumptions employed for each of the system com-
ponents are described in the following paragraphs.
Beam
The following assumptions of conventional beam bending theory are
employed:
d. All cross sections gave a principal axis parallel to the y-axis, Figure 1.
Fie
Fixed Support
Supports
Concentrated Spring
Supports
Displacements
The following assumptions regarding displacement of the system are
employed:
b. All displacements are small and do not alter the basic geometry of the
system.
Applied Loads
The following assumptions regarding external applied loads are employed:
Fixed Supports
A fixed support is assumed to be an external influence which results in a
specific value (either zero or nonzero) of one or more displacement compo-
nents at a point on the structure, regardless of other effects.
5
Chapter 2 Beam-Column System
Spring
Resisting
Force
SA Spring
Deformation
Q orq 0orq
0 1
General
Solutions for the general beam-column system are obtained with the finite
element model described below.
Nodes
Because the centroidal axis of the beam is initially straight, the location of
a node is completely defined by its x-coordinate. For identification in the
following paragraphs, nodes are assumed to be numbered sequentially starting
with node 1 at the left end of the beam, as shown in Figure 3.
+ x
d. At fixed supports.
Displacements, internal forces, and other effects are determined only at the
nodes. To provide more detailed description of the variation of effects along
the length, nodes may be defined at any other location on the beam. In
addition, the accuracy of a solution may be affected by the number of nodes.
This aspect will be discussed subsequently.
b. Distributed loads (either applied or resulting from the fixed load portion
of distributed nonlinear springs) are assumed to vary linearly between
adjacent nodes.
Elements
An element is defined as the portion of the beam between adjacent nodes.
For reference in the following paragraphs, an element is identified by the node
number at its left end, as shown in Figure 3.
i [- - -- +1 Distributed
Loads
,ement i yi+1
Vi ,-Node i Node i+1
vi i hf +
i+1f
yXil +1 V i+l
hi= x - x. x,i+l
t
xI [V'V '\ "V k'.
Distributed
Springs
ki
The relationship between element end forces and end nodal displacements,
obtained by procedures given by Clough and Penzien (1975), Przemieniecki
(1968), and Zienkiewicz (1971), is
where
Node Equilibrium
A typical node, shown in Figure 8, is subjected to:
a 31 Table 1.
a. Explicit
E=S' Si 1
SIE ~~~
SEi lil
b. Partitioned symbolic
h'(3k, + 5k,.,)
a. Explicit
b. Partitioned symbolic
11
Chapter 3 Finite Element Model
PxIf:. -(20%., +lIOq.,,+,)
(bq
f. + b2qy.i+1 ) where b,, b, b3 , b 4
i me h(b 3qy,i + b4 qyi+,) are constants given in
f e.'.,,÷
+ -(IOq , + 20qxi 1 ) Table 1
fe'.i+l (b 2qy,i + blqy,i+l
j.mI~ -h(b4qy, + b3qy,+)
a. Explicit
b. Partitioned symbolic
mi m.li0
m 00k.i 0 kr,i (4)
ui Fx, i
Fy,i
---
Ivi
Oi Ci
or
F .
XI
i Node Displacements
V i
I
kk.
f Yj ~ Node iY
mi
mi"
Element
Element i-1 End Forces
End Forces
[±si-j,1 + i
i-+ i-I +S + + EK_.i] U. (5)
+[ j,+-Ii'i
- -i.+ E + ,i--. ji +
+ S.,i~i+1 + ] • F,ij+I
+ +
+,"i
Iteration
A single solution of the simultaneous equations produces final results for
systems possessing the following characteristics:
All other systems require an iterative solution to evaluate axial stress resul-
tants and/or fixed force-linear spring components for nonlinear springs. The
iterative solution process is initiated by evaluating axial stress resultants and
nonlinear spring characteristics for zero displacements. The simultaneous
equations are evaluated and solved for a new estimate of system displacements.
On each iteration, the solution of the preceding iteration is used for evaluation
of system properties. This process is continued until the results of two succes-
sive iterations differ by an acceptably small amount.
b. Only concentrated external loads and linearly varying lateral (y) loads
are present. Or, if the effect of axial stress resultant on element bend-
ing stiffness is excluded, distributed axial (x) loads vary linearly.
c. Only concentrated springs are present and , if the effect of axial stress
resultant on element bending stiffness is included, all concentrated
translation springs are perpendicular to the beam axis. (Note: The
accuracy of a solution including the effect of axial stress resultant in
the presence of inclined translational springs may be affected by the
iteration convergence tolerance but not by node spacing.)
In all other systems, the number of nodes (and elements) used in the finite
element model affects the accuracy of the solution. In general, as the number
of nodes (and elements) is increased, the solution tends to converge to the
"exact" solution. There is no "rule-of-thumb" to provide the necessary number
of nodes for acceptable results. It may be necessary to perform several solu-
tions for various numbers of nodes and node spacings to ensure that an
adequate solution has been obtained.
General
A computer program implementing the analytical process described in the
previous chapter has been written in the FORTRAN programming language
with all arithmetic operations performed in double precision.
Input Data
The program has been written to generate automatically intermediate data
values from a minimum of user input data. Details of required user input data
are presented in the Input Guide, Appendix A. The processes and assumptions
used in converting user input data to intermediate data values are described
below.
Spring resisting forces are positive if they act in the positive local x'-direc-
tion. To illustrate, consider a spring in an initial state of compression at zero
nodal displacement. The spring therefore would produce a force acting on the
node in the negative x'-direction (i.e., negative force), -F1 , at zero spring
deformation, A1 = 0, as illustrated by point (1) in Figure 9b. If the point of
attachment undergoes nodal displacements u and v to produce a positive defor-
mation +A2, Figure 9a, the compression (i.e., negative spring force), -F2 ,
would increase as illustrated by point (2) in Figure 9b. Further positive defor-
mation to A3 would result in a negative resisting force, -F3 , as shown by
point (3). If the nodal displacements produce deformation in the negative x'-
direction, e.g., -A4 , the compressive (negative) force in the spring would
reduce to, -F4 , point (4). At some negative deformation, -A5, the initial com-
pression might be totally relieved, i.e., F5 = 0, as shown by point (5). Further
negative deformation, -A6 , might produce tension in the spring (+F6), as illus-
trated by point (6). The coordinate values, A, F, of each point on the deforma-
tion-resistance curve are provided as input. A linear variation between input
deformation-resistance coordinates is assumed.
-A4
-A 5 M I Global x-axis
Spring Resistance
in x'-Direction
(6)
-• -- ------ --- +F 6
+A Spring Deformation
52
-6 (5) -A ' in x'-Direction
S_-F4
(4)4
2-F3 -" -- I --
Properties data of beam cross section are assumed to define the extreme
(left and right) ends of the beam-column system to be analyzed. Nonzero val-
ues of section properties E, A, and I must be supplied for every point on the
structure between these extremes. Any other distributed or concentrated data
which fall beyond these extremes are ignored by the program.
"Intermediate Nodes
Node i i+1 i+2 i+3 i+4
a. Notation
S1 i+2 i+2
Ax
Element i i+1 i+2 i+3
If H,,a is greater than or equal to (xi+4 - xi), then the entire region will be
treated as a single element.
Distributed Loads
Distributed loads vary linearly between the values at the beginning and end
of the distribution provided as input.
k =a + bz c (8)
where
b = constant with units such that bz{ has units of stiffness; b may be posi-
tive or negative; however, only positive values of k are permitted
c = dimensionless constant
For the input values xi, xi+3, a, b, and c, the program calculates at each
intermediate node the distributed spring stiffness from the general expression
given in Equation 8, as illustrated in Figure 11.
__Start
q0oi 1 [qot * (xi÷3 - Xi+l) + qor ' (Xi+l - xi)]/(xi+3 - xi) (9)
and
ki÷1 + [ki ' (xi+3 - xi+l) + kr ' (xi+1 - xi)]1(Xi+3 - xi) (10)
Output Data
Output data are provided in three parts. Output may be directed to the user
terminal, to a data file, to both or some parts of the output may be omitted
entirely.
Node
L Intermediate
Xi x i+1 x i+2 x i+3
Resistance Resistance
Summary of Results
This section contains: maximum positive and maximum negative values of
displacements and internal forces and the x-coordinates at which the maxima
occur, reactions at fixed supports; and forces in concentrated linear and/or
nonlinear springs. This section is always output to the user terminal, to an
output file, or both.
Complete Results
This section contains a tabulation of displacements, internal stress resul-
tants, and forces in distributed springs at nodes contained within range of
x-coordinates specified by the user. This section may be omitted entirely.
supports.
Shear Stress Resultant Positive if shear force tends to move left end
of segment of beam in positive y-direction
(i.e., up on left, down on right end of
segment)
The examples presented below are intended only to illustrate the use of the
program and are not to be interpreted as a guide for application of the
program.
YT 1.2 klft
F$T T
(Varies)
loft
a. The basic problem is described in lines 1000 through 1120 of the file.
During execution, effects of axial load on bending were excluded for
the solution of this part.
b. On the first rerun, Example 1A, only the problem heading was changed
to that shown on lines 1140 through 1160 of the data file. All other
data remain unchanged. During execution, the effects on bending due
to the 40-kip1 axial load were included in the solution.
c. On subsequent reruns, lines 1170 through 1340, the axial load was
increased by adding concentrated load data to each preceding data set.
Echoprints of input data were requested only for the first and last in the
succession of problems, Figures 16 and 23, respectively. Plots of input data
for the initial run of the sequence are shown in Figures 17 through 19.
The summary of results was output for each problem, Figures 20 and 23.
Because the model used to represent the beam contains only three nodes and
two elements, no additional information would have been provided by a com-
plete tabulation.
Plots of the results are shown in Figures 21 and 22. The plots of lateral
deflection, Figure 21, and bending moment, Figure 22, emphasize the fact that
29
Chapter 5 Example Solubons
SOLUTION COMPLETE.
DO YOU WANT RESULTS PRINTED TO YOUR TERMINAL,
TO FILE
X0050DI.OUT
OR BOTH?
ENTER 'TERMINAL', 'FILE', OR 'BOTH'.
f
DESIRED OUTPUT UNITS? ENTER:
'DEFAULT', 'CONSISTENT', OR 'SELECTIVE'.
d (Note: Summary of results is shown in Figure 20.)
DO YOU WANT COMPLETE RESULTS OUTPUT?
ENTER 'YES' OR 'NO'.
n
DO YOU WANT TO PLOT RESULTS?
ENTER 'YES' OR 'NO'.
n
DO YOU WANT OUTPUT WITH DIFFERENT UNITS?
ENTER 'YES' OR 'NO'.
n
OUTPUT COMPLETE.
INPUT COMPLETE.
DO YOU WANT INPUT DATA ECHOPRINTED TO YOUR TERMINAL,
TO FILE
X0050Dl.OUT
TO BOTH OR NEITHER?
ENTER 'TERMINAL', 'FILE', 'BOTH', OR 'NEITHER'.
n
DO YOU WANT TO EDIT INPUT DATA?
ENTER 'YES' OR 'NO'.
n
DO YOU WANT TO PLOT INPUT DATA?
ENTER 'YES' OR 'NO'.
n
INPUT COMPLETE.
DO YOU WANT TO CONTINUE WITH THE SOLUTION?
ENTER 'YES' OR 'NO'.
y
DO YOU WANT AXIAL FORCE EFFECTS ON BENDING STIFFNESS
INCLUDED IN THE SOLUTION?
ENTER 'YES' OR 'NO'.
y
SOLUTION COMPLETE.
DO YOU WANT RESULTS PRINTED TO YOUR TERMINAL,
TO FILE
X0050Dl.OUT
OR BOTH?
ENTER 'TERMINAL', 'FILE', OR 'BOTH'.
if
results are calculated only at the nodes of the model. The use of a larger num-
ber of nodes would have resulted in more appropriately curved diagrams.
The deflections and forces presented are "exact" solutions for each loading.
The effect of axial load on bending is to increase the deflections and bending
However, for an axial load below buckling, deflections and moments are
consistent with the direction of the applied lateral load. For an axial load
31
DO YOU WANT TO PLOT RESULTS?
ENTER 'YES' OR 'NO'.
n
DO YOU WANT OUTPUT WITH DIFFERENT UNITS?
ENTER 'YES' OR 'NO'.
n
OUTPUT COMPLETE.
INPUT COMPLETE.
DO YOU WANT INPUT DATA ECHOPRINTED TO YOUR TERMINAL,
TO FILE
X0050D1.OUT
TO BOTH OR NEITHER?
ENTER 'TERMINAL', 'FILE', 'BOTH', OR 'NEITHER'.
n
DO YOU WANT TO EDIT INPUT DATA?
ENTER 'YES' OR 'NO'.
n
DO YOU WANT TO PLOT INPUT DATA?
ENTER 'YES' OR 'NO'.
n
INPUT COMPLETE.
DO YOU WANT TO CONTINUE WITH THE SOLUTION?
ENTER 'YES' OR 'NO'.
y
DO YOU WANT AXIAL FORCE EFFECTS ON BENDING STIFFNESS
INCLUDED IN THE SOLUTION?
ENTER 'YES' OR 'NO'.
y
SOLUTION COMPLETE.
DO YOU WANT RESULTS PRINTED TO YOUR TERMINAL,
TO FILE
X0050D1.OUT
OR BOTH?
ENTER 'TERMINAL', 'FILE', OR 'BOTH'.
if
DESIRED OUTPUT UNITS? ENTER:
'DEFAULT', 'CONSISTENT', OR 'SELECTIVE'.
d (Note: Summary of results is shown in Figure 20.)
DO YOU WANT COMPLETE RESULTS OUTPUT?
ENTER 'YES' OR 'NO'.
n
DO YOU WANT TO PLOT RESULTS?
ENTER 'YES' OR 'NO'.
n
DO YOU WANT OUTPUT WITH DIFFERENT UNITS?
ENTER 'YES' OR 'NO'.
n
slightly greater than the buckling load, deflections and moments undergo a
reversal in sign (i.e., are inconsistent with lateral load direction) indicating that
buckling has occurred.
33
Chapter 5 Example Solutions
DO YOU WANT TO EDIT INPUT DATA?
ENTER 'YES' OR 'NO'.
n
DO YOU WANT TO PLOT INPUT DATA?
ENTER 'YES' OR 'NO'.
n
INPUT COMPLETE.
DO YOU WANT TO CONTINUE WITH THE SOLUTION?
ENTER 'YES' OR 'NO'.
y
DO YOU WANT AXIAL FORCE EFFECTS ON BENDING STIFFNESS
INCLUDED IN THE SOLUTION?
ENTER 'YES' OR 'NO'.
y
SOLUTION COMPLETE.
DO YOU WANT RESULTS PRINTED TO YOUR TERMINAL,
TO FILE
X0050D1.OUT
OR BOTH?
ENTER 'TERMINAL', 'FILE', OR 'BOTH'.
f
DESIRED OUTPUT UNITS? ENTER:
'DEFAULT', 'CONSISTENT', OR 'SELECTIVE'.
d (Note: Summary of results is shown in Figure 23.)
DO YOU WANT COMPLETE RESULTS OUTPUT?
ENTER 'YES' OR 'NO'.
n
DO YOU WANT TO PLOT RESULTS?
ENTER 'YES' OR 'NO'.
n
DO YOU WANT OUTPUT WITH DIFFERENT UNITS?
ENTER 'YES' OR 'NO'.
n
OUTPUT COMPLETE.
DO YOU WANT TO EDIT INPUT DATA?
ENTER 'YES' OR 'NO'.
n
LAST INPUT FILE PROCESSED = X0050D1
OUTPUT SAVED IN FILE X0050D1.OUT
DO YOU WANT TO MAKE ANOTHER RUN?
ENTER 'YES' OR 'NO'.
n
***** NORMAL TERMINATION *****
* INPUT DATA *
I.--HEADING
IV.--LOAD DATA
IV.A.--CONCENTRATED LOADS
CONCENTRATED LOADS
X-COORD X-LOAD Y-LOAD COUPLE
(FT) (K) (K) (K-FT)
.00 40.00 .00 .00
IV.B.--DISTRIBUTED LOADS
LOAD < ----- START ----- > <------ STOP ----- >
DIRECT X-COORD LOAD X-COORD LOAD
(FT) (K/FT) (FT) (K/FT)
Y .00 1.20 10.00 1.20
35
Chapter 5 Example Solutions
1-4
II
*1>4 o*
ip.4
-r-II
I-4j
4--
[a ++
010
S[ii
zf
W)(
0 i-I E
Z lid
3L"ap E
oo ww
I:: [' w
w LO
36o
.0
U-
36 -1C
4I
*1P4
p-.,
rD U
O a
U) hco
I•k
1-4 4 w1040
co0
U P4F-E-.
cl
00
4 O 0.' ,. M z
xzi W zw WW 0 cl
C):
0
0o. ~9 -
~-0 wa 0
0~
D4 ) 04.
..- 0
'% ( Ii Ut I I II itIt
U,
Y-4-
F-4 Xcr) -4
cr) w
>-, co
ý4 QO
A: M F-
0 W ii
00
0- U01-
LLii
0 ~~E- -
W~ICOi
114 0 M-
ecc:)
0
C.)
C=)~ cCCu7
CIW 0
rUC=) CD Q
CD~i CZ) -f
I.--HEADING
'EXAMPLE 1 -- FIXED END BEAM ANALYSIS
'EFFECTS OF AXIAL LOAD ON BENDING EXCLUDED
II.--MAXIMA
MAXIMUM X-COORD MAXIMUM X-COORD
POSITIVE (IN) NEGATIVE (IN)
AXIAL DISPLACEMENT (IN) : 4.OOOE-02 .00 0.OOOE+00 .00
LATERAL DISPLACEMENT (IN): 4.500E-02 60.00 0.000E+00 .00
ROTATION (RAD) 0.000E+00 .00 0.OOOE+00 .00
AXIAL FORCE (P) : 0.OOOE+00 .00 -4.OOOE+04 .00
SHEAR (P) : 6.OOOE+03 120.00 -6.OOOE+03 .00
BENDING MOMENT (P-IN) : 1.200E+05 .00 -6.OOOE+04 60.00
* SUMMARY OF RESULTS *
I.--HEADING
'EXAMPLE 1A -- SAME AS EXAMPLE 1
'EXCEPT INCLUDE EFFECTS OF AXIAL LOAD ON BENDING
'AXIAL LOAD = 40 KIPS
II.--MAXIMA
MAXIMUM X-COORD MAXIMUM X-COORD
POSITIVE (IN) NEGATIVE (IN)
AXIAL DISPLACEMENT (IN) : 4.OOOE-02 .00 0.OOOE+00 .00
LATERAL DISPLACEMENT (IN): 4.555E-02 60.00 0.OOOE+00 .00
ROTATION (RAD) : 0.OOOE+00 .00 0.OOOE+00 .00
AXIAL FORCE (P) : 0.OOOE+00 .00 -4.OOOE+04 .00
SHEAR (P) : 6.OOOE+03 120.00 -6.OOOE+03 .00
BENDING MOMENT (P-IN) : 1.210E+05 .00 -6.085E+04 60.00
39
Chapter 5 Example Solutions
PROGRAM CBEAMC - ANALYSIS OF BEAM-COLUMNS WITH NONLINEAR SUPPORTS
DATE: 21-MAR-1994 TIME: 10.38.08
* SUMMARY OF RESULTS *
***** ** **** ** ******
I.--HEADING
'EXAMPLE 1B -- INCREASE AXIAL LOAD TO 2000 KIPS
II.--MAXIMA
MAXIMUM X-COORD MAXIMUM X-COORD
POSITIVE (IN) NEGATIVE (IN)
AXIAL DISPLACEMENT (IN) 2.000E+00 .00 0.OOOE+00 .00
LATERAL DISPLACEMENT (IN): 1.138E-01 60.00 0.000E+00 .00
ROTATION (RAD) . 0.OOOE+00 .00 0.000E+O0 .00
AXIAL FORCE (P) . 0.OOOE+00 .00 -2.OOOE+06 .00
SHEAR (P) . 6.OOOE+03 120.00 -6.OOOE+03 .00
BENDING MOMENT (P-IN) : 2.373E+05 .00 -1.703E+05 60.00
* SUMMARY OF RESULTS *
I.--HEADING
'EXAMPLE IC -- INCREASE AXIAL LOAD TO 3000 KIPS
II.--MAXIMA
MAXIMUM X-COORD MAXIMUM X-COORD
POSITIVE (IN) NEGATIVE (IN)
AXIAL DISPLACEMENT (IN) 3.OOOE+00 .00 0.OOOE+00 .00
LATERAL DISPLACEMENT (IN): 5.041E-01 60.00 O.OOOE+00 .00
ROTATION (RAD) . 0.OOOE+00 .00 0.OOOE+00 .00
AXIAL FORCE (P) : 0.OOOE+00 .00 -3.OOOE+06 .00
SHEAR (P) : 6.OOOE+03 120.00 -6.OOOE+03 .00
BENDING MOMENT (P-IN) : 8.818E+05 .00 -8.103E+05 60.00
* SUMMARY OF RESULTS *
I.--HEADING
'EXAMPLE 1D -- INCREASE AXIAL LOAD TO 3289 KIPS
'THIS AXIAL LOAD IS SLIGHTLY LESS THAN BUCKLING LOAD
II.--MAXIMA
MAXIMUM X-COORD MAXIMUM X-COORD
POSITIVE (IN) NEGATIVE (IN)
AXIAL DISPLACEMENT (IN) : 3.289E+00 .00 0.OOOE+O0 .00
LATERAL DISPLACEMENT (IN): 1.681E+02 60.00 0.OOOE+00 .00
ROTATION (PAD) : 0.OOOE+00 .00 o.OOOE+00 .00
AXIAL FORCE (P) : 0.OOOE+00 .00 -3.289E+06 .00
SHEAR (P) : 6.OOOE+03 120.00 -6.OOOE+03 .00
BENDING MOMENT (P-IN) : 2.765E+08 .00 -2.764E+08 60.00
41
Chapter 5 Example Solutions
1-.40
X 1-4
E4-
m
!zC
X3 W)
Xfl 0 (0
i-4Ui
oL
42~ Chpe -EapeSolin
H
04
Y1-4
NH
:>. to to
I-4~ 0
1- O T•r..
X
00
X ý4 N 0 E
S• • E
w o z-
N 0
Q
o4
m. 2
M LD 0
4. -P
C4
i-4H
I-III
rEL~i 43
Chapte5oxml ouin
OF BEAM-COLUMNS WITH NONLINEAR SUPPORTS
PROGRAM CBEAMC - ANALYSIS
DATE: 21-MAR-1994 TIME: 10.39.12
W**** ** * ** **
* INPUT DATA *
I.--HEADING
'EXAMPLE 1E -- INCREASE AXIAL LOAD TO 3290 KIPS
'THIS AXIAL LOAD IS SLIGHTLY GREATER THAN BUCKLING LOAD
II.--BEAM CROSS SECTION DATA
< --------- SECTION PROPERTIES --------- >
X-COORDINATE MODULUS OF < ---- START ----- > < ----- STOP ----- >
START STOP ELASTICITY AREA INERTIA AREA INERTIA
(IN) (IN) (PSI) (SQIN) (IN**4) (SQIN) (IN**4)
.00 120.00 3.OOE+07 4.00 40.00 4.00 40.00
III.--NODE SPACING DATA
X-COORDINATE MAXIMUM NODE
START STOP SPACING
(FT) (FT) (FT)
-10.00 20.00 5.00
IV.--LOAD DATA
IV.A.--CONCENTRATED LOADS
CONCENTRATED LOADS
X-COORD X-LOAD Y-LOAD COUPLE
(FT) (K) (K) (K-FT)
.00 40.00 .00 .00
.00 1960.00 .00 .00
.00 1000.00 .00 .00
.00 289.00 .00 .00
.00 1.00 .00 .00
IV.B.--DISTRIBUTED LOADS
LOAD < ----- START ----- > < ------ STOP ----- >
DIRECT X-COORD LOAD X-COORD LOAD
(FT) (K/FT) (FT) (K/FT)
Y .00 1.20 10.00 1.20
V.--FIXED SUPPORT DATA
SUPPORT SPECIFIED DISPLACEMENTS
X-COORD X-DISP. Y-DISP. ROTATION
(FT) (FT) (FT) (RAD)
.00 FREE .00 .00
10.00 .00 .00 .00
VI.--LINEAR SPRING DATA
NONE
VII.--NONLINEAR SPRING DATA
NONE
Figure 23. Echoprint of input data and summary of results for final run of Example 1
(Continued)
* SUMMARY OF RESULTS *
I. -- HEADING
'EXAMPLE 1E -- INCREASE AXIAL LOAD TO 3290 KIPS
'THIS AXIAL LOAD IS SLIGHTLY GREATER THAN BUCKLING LOAD
II. -- MAXIMA
MAXIMUM X-COORD MAXIMUM X-COORD
POSITIVE (IN) NEGATIVE (IN)
AXIAL DISPLACEMENT (IN) : 3.290E+00 .00 0.OOOE+00 .00
LATERAL DISPLACEMENT (IN): 0.OOOE+00 .00 -1.106E+03 60.00
ROTATION (RAD) : 0.OOOE+00 .00 0.OOOE+00 .00
AXIAL FORCE (P) : 0.OOOE+00 .00 -3.290E+06 .00
SHEAR (P) 6.OOOE+03 120.00 -6.OOOE+03 .00
BENDING MOMENT (P-IN) : 1.820E+09 60.00 -1.820E+09 .00
The echoprint of input data, summary of results, and the (trivial) complete
results table for the first case (lines 1000 through 1140 of the input file) are
shown in Figure 26. Maximum lateral deflection and bending moment for the
model with three nodes and two elements differ only slightly from the "exact"
solution (0.19097 in. and -1.52025E+5 lb-in., respectively).
45
YT 1.2 k/ft
k =100 psi
10ft
I.--HEADING
'EXAMPLE 2 - SIMPLE BEAM ON UNIFORM ELASTIC FOUNDATION
'ILLUSTRATE EFFECT OF NODE SPACING ON SOLUTION
'NODES AT 5 FT.
IV.--LOAD DATA
4.A.--CONCENTRATED LOADS
NONE
IV.B.--DISTRIBUTED LOADS
LOAD < ----- START ----- > < ------ STOP ----- >
DIRECT X-COORD LOAD X-COORD LOAD
(FT) (K/FT) (FT) (K/FT)
Y .00 1.20 10.00 1.20
* SUMMARY OF RESULTS *
****** *** ** * *** * **** **
I.--HEADING
'EXAMPLE 2 - SIMPLE BEAM ON UNIFORM ELASTIC FOUNDATION
'ILLUSTRATE EFFECT OF NODE SPACING ON SOLUTION
'NODES AT 5 FT.
II. -- MAXIMA
MAXIMUM X-COORD MAXIMUM X-COORD
POSITIVE (IN) NEGATIVE (IN)
AXIAL DISPLACEMENT (IN) : 0.OOOE+00 .00 0.OOOE+00 .00
LATERAL DISPLACEMENT (IN): 1.912E-01 60.00 0.O00E+00 .00
ROTATION (RAD) : 5.116E-03 .00 -5.116E-03 120.00
AXIAL FORCE (P) : 0.OOOE+00 .00 0.OOOE+00 .00
SHEAR (P) 5.273E+03 120.00 -5.273E+03 .00
BENDING MOMENT (P-IN) : 0.000E+00 .00 -1.522E+05 60.00
III.--REACTIONS AT FIXED SUPPORTS
X-COORD X-REACTION Y-REACTION MOM-REACTION
(IN) (P) (P) (P-IN)
.00 0.OOOE+00 -5.273E+03 0.000E+00
120.00 0.000E+00 -5.273E+03 0.OOOE+00
I.--HEADING
'EXAMPLE 2 - SIMPLE BEAM ON UNIFORM ELASTIC FOUNDATION
'ILLUSTRATE EFFECT OF NODE SPACING ON SOLUTION
'NODES AT 5 FT.
II.--DISPLACEMENTS AND INTERNAL FORCES
< --------- DISPLACEMENTS ---------> <--------- INTERNAL FORCES ------- >
X-COORD AXIAL LATERAL ROTATION AXIAL SHEAR MOMENT
(IN) (IN) (IN) (RAD) (P) (P) (P-IN)
.00 0.OOOE+00 0.OOOE+00 5.116E-03 0.OOOE+00 -5.273E+03 0.000E+00
60.00 O.OOOE+00 1.912E-01 1.542E-19 0.OOOE+00 O.OOOE+00 -1.522E+05
120.00 0.OOOE+00 0.OOOE+00 -5.116E-03 0.O00E+00 5.273E+03 0.OOOE+00
III.--FORCES IN DISTRIBUTED LINEAR SPRINGS
DISTRIBUTED SPRING FORCES
X-COORD AXIAL LATERAL
(IN) (P/IN) (P/IN)
.00 0.OOOE+00 0.OOOE+00
60.00 0.OOOE+00 -1.912E+01
120.00 0.OOOE+00 0.OOOE+00
* INPUT DATA *
I.--HEADING
'EXAMPLE 2A -- SAME AS EXAMPLE 2 EXCEPT NODES AT 1.25 FT.
IV.--LOAD DATA
4.A.--CONCENTRATED LOADS
NONE
IV.B.--DISTRIBUTED LOADS
LOAD < ----- START ----- > < ------ STOP ----- >
DIRECT X-COORD LOAD X-COORD LOAD
(FT) (K/FT) (FT) (K/FT)
Y .00 1.20 10.00 1.20
I.--HEADING
51
Chapter 5 ExampleSolutions
PROGRAM CBEAMC - ANALYSIS OF BEAM-COLUMNS WITH NONLINEAR SUPPORTS
DATE: 21-MAR-1994 TIME: 16.05.43
**** * **** * *** * *** **
* COMPLETE RESULTS *
I.--HEADING
'EXAMPLE 2A -- SAME AS EXAMPLE 2 EXCEPT NODES AT 1.25 FT.
Results for each case are Figure 28. Pile/soil system for Example 3
given in Figures 30 and 31.
Values of stiffness coefficients obtained for the 5-ft node spacing are signifi-
cantly in error. Decreasing the node spacing to 1 ft produced the pile head
stiffness matrix shown as follows. Values shown in parentheses were obtained
by another approximate method reported by Reese and Matlock (1956).
[F] 3.602E6 0 0
Fx 2.077E5 5.424E6 u
F = (2.014E5) (5.356E6) v
2.148E8 0
LMJ
SYM (2.137E8)
Reducing the node spacing to 0.5 ft had little effect on the results.
53
Chapter 5 Example Solutions
1000 'EXAMPLE 3 -- PILE STIFFNESS MATRIX
1010 'AXIAL FORCE EFFECTS OF BENDING EXCLUDED
1020 'NODES AT 5 FT.
1030 'AXIAL AND LATERAL TERMS
1040 BEAM
1050 0 1200 4.3E6 100 833.33
1060 NODES F
1070 0 100 5
1080 FIXED I
1090 0 1 1 0
1100 LINEAR
1110 D Y 0 1200 0 10 2
1120 D X 0 1200 0 10 2
1130 FINISH RERUN
1140 'EXAMPLE 3 -- CONTINUED
1150 'AXIAL AND LATERAL TERMS
1160 'NODES AT 1 FT.
1170 NODES NEW F
1180 0 100 1
1190 FINISH RERUN
1200 'EXAMPLE 3 -- CONTINUED
1210 'MOMENT TERMS
1220 FIXED NEW
1230 0 0 0 1
1240 FINISH
* INPUT DATA *
I.--HEADING
'EXAMPLE 3 -- PILE STIFFNESS MATRIX
'AXIAL FORCE EFFECTS OF BENDING EXCLUDED
'NODES AT 5 FT.
'XIAL AND LATERAL TERMS
IV.--LOAD DATA
NONE
Figure 30. Output for Example 3, model with 5-ft node spacing (Continued)
I.--HEADING
'EXAMPLE 3 -- PILE STIFFNESS MATRIX
'AXIAL FORCE EFFECTS OF BENDING EXCLUDED
'NODES AT 5 FT.
'XIAL AND LATERAL TERMS
II.--MAXIMA
MAXIMUM X-COORD MAXIMUM X-COORD
POSITIVE (IN) NEGATIVE (IN)
AXIAL DISPLACEMENT (IN) : 1.000E+00 .00 -8.297E-06 300.00
LATERAL DISPLACEMENT (IN): 1.000E+00 .00 -1.547E-04 180.00
ROTATION (RAD) : 3.749E-05 120.00 -6.680E-03 60.00
AXIAL FORCE (P) : 2.234E+02 300.00 -3.892E+06 .00
SHEAR (P) : 3.537E+05 .00 -5.108E+04 60.00
BENDING MOMENT (P-IN) : 1.690E+06 60.00 -7.331E+06 .00
III.--REACTIONS AT FIXED SUPPORTS
X-COORD X-REACTION Y-REACTION MOM-REACTION
(IN) (P) (P) (P-IN)
.00 3.892E+06 3.537E+05 7.331E+06
* COMPLETE RESULTS *
* *** *** *** **** *** ** ** *
I.--HEADING
'EXAMPLE 3 -- PILE STIFFNESS MATRIX
'AXIAL FORCE EFFECTS OF BENDING EXCLUDED
'NODES AT 5 FT.
'AXIAL AND LATERAL TERMS
II.--DISPLACEMENTS AND INTERNAL FORCES
< --------- DISPLACEMENTS -------- > < -------- INTERNAL FORCES ------- >
X-COORD AXIAL LATERAL ROTATION AXIAL SHEAR MOMENT
(IN) (IN) (IN) (RAD) (P) (P) (P-IN)
.00 1.OOOE+00 1.OOOE+00 0.000E+00 -3.892E+06 3.537E+05 -7.331E+06
60.00 4.944E-01 4.959E-02 -6.680E-03 -3.176E+06 -5.108E+04 1.690E+06
120.00 1.580E-01 7.693E-04 3.749E-05 -1.596E+06 4.434E+03 -5.210E+04
III.--FORCES IN DISTRIBUTED LINEAR SPRINGS
DISTRIBUTED SPRING FORCES
X-COORD AXIAL LATERAL
(IN) (P/IN) (P/IN)
.00 0.OOOE+00 0.OOOE+00
60.00 -1.780E+04 -1.785E+03
120.00 -2.276E+04 -1.108E+02
* SUMMARY OF RESULTS *
I.--HEADING
'EXAMPLE 3 -- CONTINUED
'AXIAL AND LATERAL TERMS
'NODES AT 1 FT.
II. -- MAXIMA
MAXIMUM X-COORD MAXIMUM X-COORD
POSITIVE (IN) NEGATIVE (IN)
AXIAL DISPLACEMENT (IN) : 1.OOOE+00 .00 0.000E+00 .00
LATERAL DISPLACEMENT (IN): 1.OOOE+00 .00 -1.716E-02 96.00
ROTATION (RAD) : 6.306E-04 108.00 -2.012E-02 24.00
AXIAL FORCE (P) : 0.000E+00 .00 -3.602E+06 .00
SHEAR (P) . 2.077E+05 .00 -4.836E+04 72.00
BENDING MOMENT (P-IN) : 1.709E+06 60.00 -5.424E+06 .00
III.--REACTIONS AT FIXED SUPPORTS
X-COORD X-REACTION Y-REACTION MOM-REACTION
(IN) (P) (P) (P-IN)
.00 3.602E+06 2.077E+05 5.424E+06
I.--HEADING
'EXAMPLE 3 -- CONTINUED
'AXIAL AND LATERAL TERMS
'NODES AT 1 FT.
II.--DISPLACEMENTS AND INTERNAL FORCES
< DISPLACEMENTS -------- > < -------- INTERNAL FORCES ------- >
X-COORD AXIAL LATERAL ROTATION AXIAL SHEAR MOMENT
(IN) (IN) (IN) (RAD) (P) (P) (P-IN)
.00 1.OOOE+00 1.OOOE+00 0.OOOE+00 -3.602E+06 2.077E+05 -5.424E+06
12.00 8.996E-01 9.076E-01 -1.402E-02 -3.594E+06 1.994E+05 -2.966E+06
24.00 7.997E-01 6.953E-01 -2.012E-02 -3.557E+06 1.655E+05 -7.442E+05
36.00 7.015E-01 4.511E-01 -1.967E-02 -3.474E+06 1.029E+05 8.879E+05
48.00 6.063E-01 2.398E-01 -1.511E-02 -3.334E+06 3.139E+04 1.689E+06
60.00 5.159E-01 9.371E-02 -9.233E-03 -3.136E+06 -2.371E+04 1.709E+06
72.00 4.318E-01 1.465E-02 -4.205E-03 -2.888E+06 -4.836E+04 1.245E+06
84.00 3.551E-01 -1.476E-02 -1.026E-03 -2.600E+06 -4.545E+04 6.602E+05
96.00 2.869E-01 -1.716E-02 3.740E-04 -2.288E+06 -2.845E+04 2.104E+05
108.00 2.275E-01 -1.036E-02 6.306E-04 -1.967E+06 -1.106E+04 -2.207E+04
120.00 1.770E-01 -3.864E-03 4.187E-04 -1.652E+06-4.502E+02 -8.321E+04
Figure 31. Results for Example 3, model with 1-ft node spacing (Sheet 1 of 4)
57
Chapter 5 Example Solutions
III.--FORCES IN DISTRIBUTED LINEAR SPRINGS
DISTRIBUTED SPRING FORCES
X-COORD AXIAL LATERAL
(IN) (P/IN) (P/IN)
.00 0.OOOE+00 0.OOOE+00
12.00 -1.295E+03 -1.307E+03
24.00 -4.606E+03 -4.005E+03
36.00 -9.091E+03 -5.847E+03
48.00 -1.397E+04 -5.525E+03
60.00 -1.857E+04 -3.373E+03
72.00 -2.238E+04 -7.596E+02
84.00 -2.506E+04 1.042E+03
96.00 -2.644E+04 1.582E+03
108.00 -2.654E+04 1.208E+03
120.00 -2.549E+04 5.564E+02
* SUMMARY OF RESULTS *
*** ** * *** * **** **** * ****
I.--HEADING
'EXAMPLE 3 -- CONTINUED
'MOMENT TERMS
II.--MAXIMA
MAXIMUM X-COORD MAXIMUM X-COORD
POSITIVE (IN) NEGATIVE (IN)
AXIAL DISPLACEMENT (IN) 0.OOOE+00 .00 0.OOOE+00 .00
LATERAL DISPLACEMENT (IN): 1.021E+01 24.00 -2.083E-01 108.00
ROTATION (RAD) : 1.OOOE+00 .00 -2.501E-01 48.00
AXIAL FORCE (P) : 0.OOOE+00 .00 0.000E+00 .00
SHEAR (P) . 5.424E+06 .00 -7.242E+05 84.00
BENDING MOMENT (P-IN) : 2.380E+07 72.00 -2.148E+08 .00
I.--HEADING
'EXAMPLE 3 -- CONTINUED
'MOMENT TERMS
The input data file used for solution with the program is shown in Fig-
ure 36. Output from the program is given in Figure 37. Anchor forces are
given by Section III of the Summary of Results. Soil pressures are given by
the tabulation of forces in distributed nonlinear springs in Section III of the
Complete Results. Plots of the input data are shown in Figures 38 through 40.
Plots of the results are shown in Figures 41 through 43.
60
400 psf
At Rest, ko 0.5 1
Anchor 1 Anchor 2
20' E 29.106 psi 29- 106 psi
ýx
61
Chapter 5 Example Solutions
-0.008 0.125 -0.008 0.125
-133 -747
-1200 -6720
Resistance
Rightside at x 0 (Ib/ft) Rightside at x = 16'
2000 3250
-61 -342
500 1000
S..1 .0.1
Deformation (u)
-500 ft) •-1000
500 1000
0.1 0.1
-0.1 -0.11
500 -1000
Deformation Parallel
Anchor at x = 6'
Force at 70 0
with x-Axis (kips)
10 AhL
"Deformation at 700
Anchor at x = 17'
* INPUT DATA *
I.--HEADING
IV.--LOAD DATA
NONE
66
Chapter 5 Example Soultions
VII.--NONLINEAR SPRING DATA
DISPLACEMENT FORCE
COORDINATE COORDINATE
-4.300E-02 8.OOOE+00
0.000E+00 0.000E+00
DISPLACEMENT FORCE
COORDINATE COORDINATE
-5.200E-02 1.OOOE+01
0.OOOE+00 0.OOOE+00
DISPLACEMENT FORCE
COORDINATE COORDINATE
-8.OOOE-03 -1.330E+02
1.250E-01 -1.200E+03
DISPLACEMENT FORCE
COORDINATE COORDINATE
-8.OOOE-03 -7.470E+02
1.250E-01 -6.720E+03
67
Chapter5 Example Solutions
SPRING SPRING CURVE COORD. MULTIPLIERS
DISTRIBUTION DIRECTION X-COORD DISPLACEMENT FORCE
(FT) (FT) (P)
CONTINUES Y 17.00 1.OOE+00 1.OOE+00
DISPLACEMENT FORCE
COORDINATE COORDINATE
-2.310E-01 -3.030E+02
2.310E-01 -4.303E+03
68
Chapter 5 Example Soultions
SPRING SPRING CURVE COORD. MULTIPLIERS
DISTRIBUTION . DIRECTION X-COORD DISPLACEMENT FORCE
(FT) (FT) (P)
CONTINUES X 16.00 1.00E+00 1.00E+00
DISPLACEMENT FORCE
COORDINATE COORDINATE
0.000E+00 0.000E+00
1.000E-01 -3.420E+02
DISPLACEMENT FORCE
COORDINATE COORDINATE
-1.000E-01 5.000E+02
1.OOOE-01 -5.000E+02
DISPLACEMENT FORCE
COORDINATE COORDINATE
-1.OOOE-01 1.000E+03
1.OOOE-01 -1.OOOE+03
DISPLACEMENT FORCE
COORDINATE COORDINATE
-1.000E-01 5.OOOE+02
1.OOOE-01 -5.OOOE+02
DISPLACEMENT FORCE
COORDINATE COORDINATE
-1.000E-01 1.OOOE+03
1.000E-01 -1.OOOE+03
* SUMMARY OF RESULTS *
I.--HEADING
'EXAMPLE 4 -- MULTIPLE ANCHORED RETAINING WALL
'EFFECTS OF AXIAL FORCE ON BENDING EXCLUDED
'TENSION-ONLY ANCHORS
II.--MAXIMA
MAXIMUM X-COORD MAXIMUM X-COORD
POSITIVE (FT) NEGATIVE (FT)
AXIAL DISPLACEMENT (FT) : 8.584E-03 17.00 O.OOOE+O0 .00
LATERAL DISPLACEMENT (FT): 1.775E-02 .00 -1.725E-01 32.00
ROTATION (RAD) . 6.585E-04 46.00 -8.925E-03 7.00
AXIAL FORCE (P) : 3.128E+02 17.00 -3.107E+03 17.00
SHEAR (P) : 7.412E+03 17.00 -4.155E+03 26.00
BENDING MOMENT (P-FT) : 3.618E+04 23.00 -5.638E+03 6.00
70 Chapter5 ExampleSoultions
PROGRAM CBEAMC - ANALYSIS OF BEAM-COLUMNS WITH NONLINEAR SUPPORTS
DATE: 22-MAR-1994 TIME: 11.48.24
*COMPLETE RESULTS*
I. -- HEADING
'EXAMPLE 4 -- MULTIPLE ANCHORED RETAINING WALL
'EFFECTS OF AXIAL FORCE ON BENDING EXCLUDED
'TENS ION-ONLY ANCHORS
I I
1-4N- Lo0
U)X
E--
A4: DE at.
N4 o
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0
NX
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II 0 II (A)
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I-NI_ S _1- II 4•N__
X 443
17
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we w -
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H W4
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na 0 u
f40 W :: X 10 W
0
r4LL
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LL4 K M
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M 0:9
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0,
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75
Solutions
Chapter 5 Example
CM
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U,
1-4 134
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zz
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E- W
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77
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77
Chapter 5 Example Solutions
ý4J
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79
Chapter 5 Example Solutions
References
80 References
Appendix A
Guide for Data Input
Source of Input
Input data may be supplied from a predefined data file or from the user
terminal during execution. If data are supplied from the user terminal, prompt-
ing messages are printed to indicate the amount and character of data to be
entered.
Data Editing
When all data for a problem have been entered, the user is offered the
opportunity to review an echoprint of the currently available input data and to
revise any or all sections of the input data before execution is attempted. When
editing during execution, each section must be entered in its entirety.
Data Format
All input data (whether supplied from the user terminal or from a file) are
read in free-field format:
Sections of Input
Input data are divided onto the following sections:
a. Heading.
c. Node spacing.
d. Applied loads.
e. Fixed supports.
h. Termination.
When data are entered from the terminal, data sections a through g may be
input in any order. When data are entered from a predefined data file, the
heading section a must be entered first; other sections b through g may be
entered in any order.
When data are entered from the terminal, the user is cued for Termination.
Termination for a data file is discussed later.
Each data section may be entered with any combination of units for length
and force as specified by the user.
b. A line of input may require both alphanumeric and numeric data items.
Alphanumeric data items are enclosed in single quotes in the following
paragraphs.
g. Input data are divided into the sections discussed in paragraphs entitled
"Sections of Input." Except for the heading, each section consists of a
header line and one or more data lines. The header line serves the
multiple purposes of: indicating the end of the preceding section; iden-
tifying the data section to follow; indicating whether the section is
'New' or to be 'Added' to the same section of a preceding problem
(following page); and indicating the units associated with the section.
(2) If 'Add' is indicated, the units for appended data must be the
same as for that section in the preceding problem.
j. If data are added to a preceding section, the number of lines in the pre-
ceding section plus the number of lines added must not exceed the
limitations on total lines in a section specified in the input description
which follows.
Comment lines may be inserted in the input file by enclosing the line
following the line number in parentheses. Comment lines are ignored,
e.g.,
Input Description
Heading--One (1) to four (4) lines for identifying the problem.
LN {'heading'}
b. Definition.
(1) Contents.
(2) Definition.
(1) Contents.
LN XI X2 E Al SIi [A2S12]
(2) Definitions.
(a) If A2 and S12 are omitted, area and moment of inertia are
assumed to be constant from XI to X2.
(b) If A2 and S12 are provided, area and moment of inertia are
assumed to vary linearly from Al and S11 at Xl to A2 and
S12 at X2.
(c) When several distributions are described, the minimum of all
XI values defines the left end of the beam and the maximum
of all X2 values defines the right end of the beam. There
must be positive, nonzero values of modulus of elasticity,
area, and moment of inertia for every x-coordinate between
the ends of the beam.
(1) Contents.
(2) Definitions.
(1) Contents.
LN Xl X2 HMAX
(2) Definitions.
(2) Xl on the first line input must be less than or equal to the
x-coordinate at the left end of the beam.
(3) X2 on the last line input must be greater than or equal to the
x-coordinate at the right end of the beam.
(4) Data specified beyond the ends of the beam are ignored.
(5) Node spacing data must result in at least three (3) nodes, (two
(2) elements) and not more than two-hundred-one (201) nodes
(200 elements) in the model.
Applied Loads--Zero (0) or two (2) to twenty-two (22) lines. Entire section
may be omitted.
(1) Contents.
(2) Definitions.
b. Data Lines for Concentrated Loads--One (1) line for each concentrated
load.
(1) Contents.
LN 'Concentrated' Xl FX FY C
'Concentrated' = keyword.
c. Data Lines for Distributed Loads--One (1) line for each distribution.
(1) Contents.
(2) Definitions.
'Distributed = keyword.
d. Discussion.
(1) Multiple loads specified at a single x-coordinate, either concen-
trated loads or overlapping distributed loads, are cumulative.
(2) Data specified beyond the ends of the beam are ignored.
Fixed Supports--Zero (0) or two (2) to eleven (11) lines. Entire section
may be omitted.
(1) Contents.
(2) Definitions.
(1) Contents.
A8 Appendix A Guide for Data Input
LN XI {XD} {YD} {R}
(2) Definitions.
c. Discussion.
(2) Data specified beyond the ends of the beam are ignored.
(1) Contents.
(2) Definitions.
b. Data Lines for Concentrated Linear Springs--One (1) line for each
concentrated linear spring.
(1) Contents.
LN 'Concentrated' XI ANGLE ST SR
(2) Definitions.
'Concentrated' = keyword.
A9
Appendix A Guide for Data Input
ANGLE = angle (in degrees) between x-axis and line of action of
translation spring; measured positive counter-clockwise
from x-axis.
c. Data Lines for Distributed Linear Springs--One (1) line for each
distribution.
(1) Contents.
LN 'Distributed' {'direction') X1 X2 A B C
(2) Definitions.
'Distributed' = keyword.
d. Discussion.
(4) Data specified beyond the end of the beam are ignored.
b. Definitions.
Line 2 Contents:
(2) Definitions.
'Concentrated' = keyword.
e. Discussion.
(1) Final deformation and resisting force curve coordinates are prod-
ucts DMUL.DEF( ) and FMUL.FORCE(), respectively.
overlap.
(8) Data specified beyond the ends of the beam are ignored.
a. Contents.
LN 'heading'
[LN 'heading']
[LN 'heading']
[LN 'heading']
A14
Appendix A Guide for Data Input
LN 'NODe' '[}dd [T'Feet'
LN XI X2 HMAX
b. Data Lines for Concentrated Loads--One (1) line for each concentrated
load.
LN 'Concentrated' XI FX FY C
c. Data Lines for Distributed Loads--One (1) line for each distribution.
LN 'Distributed' Xl Q1 X2 [Q21
r- 'New'lj] -Jnches'lf-+'Pounds'yi
LN 'FIXed' L 'Add' J] Li 'Feet' J I 'Feet' jj
spring.
LN 'Concentrated' XI ANGLE ST SR
c. Data Lines for Distributed Linear Springs--One (1) line for each
distribution.
[-
LN 'NONlinear' L'~'New'] 1
-:'nches'j f-4 'Pounds'1
Add' J L 'Feet' f I'Kips" JJ
Line 1:
Line 2:
Group 1, Line 1:
Group 1, Line 2:
Group 2, Line 1:
Group 2, Line 2:
6. AUTHOR(S)
William P. Dawkins
the Engineering Computer Program Library at the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, 3909 Halls
Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS 39180-6199.
WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION REPORTS
PUBLISHED UNDER THE COMPUTER-AIDED
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING (CASE) PROJECT
Title Date
Technical Report K-78-1 List of Computer Programs for Computer-Aided Structural Engineering Feb 1978
Instruction Report 0-79-2 User's Guide: Computer Program with Interactive Graphics for Mar 1979
Analysis of Plane Frame Structures (CFRAME)
Technical Report K-80-1 Survey of Bridge-Oriented Design Software Jan 1980
Technical Report K-80-2 Evaluation of Computer Programs for the Design/Analysis of Jan 1980
Highway and Railway Bridges
Instruction Report K-80-1 User's Guide: Computer Program for Design/Review of Curvi- Feb 1980
linear Conduits/Culverts (CURCON)
Instruction Report K-80-3 A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Data Edit Program Mar 1980
Instruction Report K-80-4 A Three-Dimensional Stability Analysis/Design Program (3DSAD)
Report 1: General Geometry Module Jun 1980
Report 3: General Analysis Module (CGAM) Jun 1982
Report 4: Special-Purpose Modules for Dams (CDAMS) Aug 1983
Instruction Report K-80-6 Basic User's Guide: Computer Program for Design and Analysis Dec 1980
of Inverted-T Retaining Walls and Floodwalls (TWDA)
Instruction Report K-80-7 User's Reference Manual: Computer Program for Design and Dec 1980
Analysis of Inverted-T Retaining Walls and Floodwalls (TWDA)
Technical Report K-80-4 Documentation of Finite Element Analyses
Report 1: Longview Outlet Works Conduit Dec 1980
Report 2: Anchored Wall Monolith, Bay Springs Lock Dec 1980
Technical Report K-80-5 Basic Pile Group Behavior Dec 1980
Instruction Report K-81-2 User's Guide: Computer Program for Design and Analysis of Sheet
Pile Walls by Classical Methods (CSHTWAL)
Report 1: Computational Processes Feb 1981
Report 2: Interactive Graphics Options Mar 1981
Instruction Report K-81-3 Validation Report: Computer Program for Design and Analysis of Feb 1981
Inverted-T Retaining Walls and Floodwalls (TWDA)
Instruction Report K-81-4 User's Guide: Computer Program for Design and Analysis of Mar 1981
Cast-in-Place Tunnel Linings (NEWTUN)
Instruction Report K-81-6 User's Guide: Computer Program for Optimum Nonlinear Dynamic Mar 1981
Design of Reinforced Concrete Slabs Under Blast Loading
(CBARCS)
Instruction Report K-81-7 User's Guide: Computer Program for Design or Investigation of Mar 1981
Orthogonal Culverts (CORTCUL)
Instruction Report K-81-9 User's Guide: Computer Program for Three-Dimensional Analysis Aug 1981
of Building Systems (CTABS80)
Technical Report K-81-2 Theoretical Basis for CTABS80: A Computer Program for Sep 1981
Three-Dimensional Analysis of Building Systems
Instruction Report K-82-6 User's Guide: Computer Program for Analysis of Beam-Column Jun 1982
Structures with Nonlinear Supports (CBEAMC)
(Continued)
WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION REPORTS
PUBLISHED UNDER THE COMPUTER-AIDED
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(Continued)
Title Date
Instruction Report K-82-7 User's Guide: Computer Program for Bearing Capacity Analysis Jun 1982
of Shallow Foundations (CBEAR)
Instruction Report K-83-1 User's Guide: Computer Program with Interactive Graphics for Jan 1983
Analysis of Plane Frame Structures (CFRAME)
Instruction Report K-83-2 User's Guide: Computer Program for Generation of Engineering Jun 1983
Geometry (SKETCH)
Instruction Report K-83-5 User's Guide: Computer Program to Calculate Shear, Moment, Jul 1983
and Thrust (CSMT) from Stress Results of a Two-Dimensional
Finite Element Analysis
Technical Report K-83-1 Basic Pile Group Behavior Sep 1983
Technical Report K-83-3 Reference Manual: Computer Graphics Program for Generation of Sep 1983
Engineering Geometry (SKETCH)
Technical Report K-83-4 Case Study of Six Major General-Purpose Finite Element Programs Oct 1983
Instruction Report K-84-2 User's Guide: Computer Program for Optimum Dynamic Design Jan 1984
of Nonlinear Metal Plates Under Blast Loading (CSDOOR)
Instruction Report K-84-7 User's Guide: Computer Program for Determining Induced Aug 1984
Stresses and Consolidation Settlements (CSETT)
Instruction Report K-84-8 Seepage Analysis of Confined Flow Problems by the Method of Sep 1984
Fragments (CFRAG)
Instruction Report K-84-11 User's Guide for Computer Program CGFAG, Concrete General Sep 1984
Flexure Analysis with Graphics
Technical Report K-84-3 Computer-Aided Drafting and Design for Corps Structural Oct 1984
Engineers
Technical Report ATC-86-5 Decision Logic Table Formulation of ACI 318-77, Building Code Jun 1986
Requirements for Reinforced Concrete for Automated Con-
straint Processing, Volumes I and II
Technical Report ITL-87-2 A Case Committee Study of Finite Element Analysis of Concrete Jan 1987
Flat Slabs
Instruction Report ITL-87-1 User's Guide: Computer Program for Two-Dimensional Analysis Apr 1987
of U-Frame Structures (CUFRAM)
Instruction Report ITL-87-2 User's Guide: For Concrete Strength Investigation and Design May 1987
(CASTR) in Accordance with ACI 318-83
Technical Report ITL-87-6 Finite-Element Method Package for Solving Steady-State Seepage May 1987
Problems
Instruction Report ITL-87-3 User's Guide: AThree Dimensional Stability Analysis/Design Jun 1987
Program (3DSAD) Module
Report 1: Revision 1: General Geometry Jun 1987
Report 2: General Loads Module Sep 1989
Report 6: Free-Body Module Sep 1989
(Continued)
WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION REPORTS
PUBLISHED UNDER THE COMPUTER-AIDED
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING (CASE) PROJECT
(Continued)
Title Date
Instruction Report ITL-87-4 Users Guide: 2-D Frame Analysis Link Program (LINK2D) Jun 1987
Technical Report ITL-87-4 Finite Element Studies of a Horizontally Framed Miter Gate Aug 1987
Report 1: Initial and Refined Finite Element Models (Phases
A, B,and C), Volumes I and II
Report 2: Simplified Frame Model (Phase D)
Report 3: Alternate Configuration Miter Gate Finite Element
Studies-Open Section
Report 4: Alternate Configuration Miter Gate Finite Element
Studies-Closed Sections
Report 5: Alternate Configuration Miter Gate Finite Element
Studies-Additional Closed Sections
Report 6: Elastic Buckling of Girders in Horizontally Framed
Miter Gates
Report 7: Application and Summary
Instruction Report GL-87-1 Users Guide: UTEXAS2 Slope-Stability Package; Volume I, Aug 1987
User's Manual
Instruction Report ITL-87-5 Sliding Stability of Concrete Structures (CSLIDE) Oct 1987
Instruction Report ITL-87-6 Criteria Specifications for and Validation of a Computer Program Dec 1987
for the Design or Investigation of Horizontally Framed Miter
Gates (CMITER)
Technical Report ITL-87-8 Procedure for Static Analysis of Gravity Dams Using the Finite Jan 1988
Element Method - Phase 1a
Instruction Report ITL-88-1 User's Guide: Computer Program for Analysis of Planar Grid Feb 1988
Structures (CGRID)
Technical Report ITL-88-1 Development of Design Formulas for Ribbed Mat Foundations Apr 1988
on Expansive Soils
Technical Report ITL-88-2 User's Guide: Pile Gfoup Graphics Display (CPGG) Post- Apr 1988
processor to CPGA Program
Instruction Report ITL-88-2 User's Guide for Design and Investigation of Horizontally Framed Jun 1988
Miter Gates (CMITER)
Instruction Report ITL-88-4 User's Guide for Revised Computer Program to Calculate Shear, Sep 1988
Moment, and Thrust (CSMT)
Instruction Report GL-87-1 User's Guide: UTEXAS2 Slope-Stability Package; Volume II, Feb 1989
Theory
Technical Report ITL-89-3 Users Guide: Pile Group Analysis (CPGA) Computer Group Jul 1989
Technical Report ITL-89-4 CBASIN-Structural Design of Saint Anthony Falls Stilling Basins Aug 1989
According to Corps of Engineers Criteria for Hydraulic
Structures; Computer Program X0098
(Continued)
WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION REPORTS
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(Continued)
Title Date
Technical Report ITL-89-5 CCHAN-Structural Design of Rectangular Channels According Aug 1989
to Corps of Engineers Criteria for Hydraulic
Structures; Computer Program X0097
Technical Report ITL-89-6 The Response-Spectrum Dynamic Analysis of Gravity Dams Using Aug 1989
the Finite Element Method; Phase II
Contract Report ITL-89-1 State of the Art on Expert Systems Applications in Design, Sep 1989
Construction, and Maintenance of Structures
Instruction Report ITL-90-1 User's Guide: Computer Program for Design and Analysis Feb 1990
of Sheet Pile Walls by Classical Methods (CWALSHT)
Technical Report ITL-90-3 Investigation and Design of U-Frame Structures Using May 1990
Program CUFRBC
Volume A: Program Criteria and Documentation
Volume B: User's Guide for Basins
Volume C: User's Guide for Channels
Instruction Report ITL-90-6 User's Guide: Computer Program for Two-Dimensional Analysis Sep 1990
of U-Frame or W-Frame Structures (CWFRAM)
Instruction Report ITL-90-2 User's Guide: Pile Group-Concrete Pile Analysis Program Jun 1990
(CPGC) Preprocessor to CPGA Program
Technical Report ITL-91-3 Application of Finite Element, Grid Generation, and Scientific Sep 1990
Visualization Techniques to 2-D and 3-D Seepage and
Groundwater Modeling
Instruction Report ITL-91-1 User's Guide: Computer Program for Design and Analysis Oct 1991
of Sheet-Pile Walls by Classical Methods (CWALSHT)
Including Rowe's Moment Reduction
Instruction Report ITL-87-2 User's Guide for Concrete Strength Investigation and Design Mar 1992
(Revised) (CASTR) in Accordance with ACI 318-89
Technical Report ITL-92-2 Fiinite Element Modeling of Welded Thick Plates for Bonneville May 1992
Navigation Lock
Technical Report ITL-92-4 Introduction to the Computation of Response Spectrum for Jun 1992
Earthquake Loading
Instruction Report ITL-92-3 Concept Design Example, Computer Aided Structural
Modeling (CASM)
Report 1: Scheme A Jun 1992
Report 2: Scheme B Jun 1992
Report 3: Scheme C Jun 1992
Instruction Report ITL-92-4 User's Guide: Computer-Aided Structural Modeling Apr 1992
(CASM) - Version 3.00
Instruction Report ITL-92-5 Tutorial Guide: Computer-Aided Structural Modeling Apr 1992
(CASM) - Version 3.00
(Continued)
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Contract Report ITL-92-1 Optimization of Steel Pile Foundations Using Optimality Criteria Jun 1992
Technical Report ITL-92-7 Refined Stress Analysis of Melvin Price Locks and Dam Sep 1992
Contract Report ITL-92-2 Knowledge-Based Expert System for Selection and Design Sep 1992
of Retaining Structures
Contract Report ITL-92-3 Evaluation of Thermal and Incremental Construction Effects Sep 1992
for Monoliths AL-3 and AL-5 of the Melvin Price Locks
and Dam
Instruction Report GL-87-1 Users Guide: UTEXAS3 Slope-Stability Package; Volume IV, Nov 1992
User's Manual
Technical Report ITL-92-11 The Seismic Design of Waterfront Retaining Structures Nov 1992
Technical Report ITL-92-12 Computer-Aided, Field-Verified Structural Evaluation
Report 1: Development of Computer Modeling Techniques Nov 1992
for Miter Lock Gates
Report 2: Field Test and Analysis Correlation at John Hollis Dec 1992
Bankhead Lock and Dam
Report 3: Field Test and Analysis Correlation of a Vertically Dec 1993
Framed Miter Gate at Emsworth Lock and Dam
Instruction Report GL-87-1 User's Guide: UTEXAS3 Slope-Stability Package; Volume III, Dec 1992
Example Problems
Technical Report ITL-93-1 Theoretical Manual for Analysis of Arch Dams Jul 1993
Technical Report ITL-93-2 Steel Structures for Civil Works, General Considerations Aug 1993
for Design and Rehabilitation
Technical Report ITL-93-3 Soil-Structure Interaction Study of Red River Lock and Dam Sep 1993
No. 1 Subjected to Sediment Loading
Instruction Report ITL-93-3 User's Manual--ADAP, Graphics-Based Dam Analysis Program Aug 1993
Instruction Report ITL-93-4 Load and Resistance Factor Design for Steel Miter Gates Oct 1993
Technical Report ITL-94-2 User's Guide for the Incremental Construction, Soil-Structure Interaction Mar 1994
Program SOILSTRUCT with Far-Field Boundary Elements
Instruction Report ITL-94-1 Tutorial Guide: Computer-Aided Structural Modeling (CASM); Apr 1994
Version 5.00
Instruction Report ITL-94-2 User's Guide: Computer-Aided Structural Modeling (CASM); Apr 1994
Version 5.00
Technical Report ITL-94-4 Dynamics of Intake Towers and Other MDOF Structures Under Jul 1994
Earthquake Loads: AComputer-Aided Approach
Technical Report ITL-94-5 Procedure for Static Analysis of Gravity Dams Including Foundation Jul 1994
Effects Using the Finite Element Method - Phase 1B
(Continued)
WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION REPORTS
PUBLISHED UNDER THE COMPUTER-AIDED
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING (CASE) PROJECT
(Concluded)
Title Date
Instruction Report ITL-94-5 User's Guide: Computer Program for Winkler Soil-Structure Nov 1994
Interaction Analysis of Sheet-Pile Walls (CWALSSI)
Instruction Report ITL-94-6 User's Guide: Computer Program for Analysis of Beam-Column Nov 1994
Structures with Nonlinear Supports (CBEAMC)
Destroy this report when no longer needed. Do not return it to the originator.