Περίφηµα κάστρα

Hampton Court Palace, Richmond upon Thames, Μείζον Λονδίνο, Αγγλία

Dover Castle, Kent, Αγγλία

Dover Castle was founded in the 12th century and has been described as the "Key to England" due to
its defensive significance. It is the largest castle in England. During the reign of Henry II t the castle
began to take recognisable shape. The inner and outer baileys and the great keep belong to this time.
Maurice the Engineer was responsible for building the keep, one of the last rectangular keeps ever
built. The castle, its secret tunnels, and surrounding land are owned by English Heritage and the site is
a major tourist attraction. From the Cinque Ports foundation in 1050, Dover has always been a chief
member. The Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports is officially head of the castle, in his conjoint position of
Constable of Dover Castle, and the Deputy Constable has his residence in Constable's Gate.
Leeds Castle, Kent, Aγγλία

Βρίσκεται 8 km νοτιοανατολικά του Maidstone. A castle has been on the site since 1119. In the
13th century it came into the hands of King Edward I, for whom it became a favourite residence; in
the 16th century, Henry VIII used it as a residence for his first wife, Catherine of Aragon.
The castle today dates mostly from the 19th century and is built on islands in a lake formed by the
River Len to the east of the village of Leeds. It has been open to the public since 1976
Leeds Castle, Kent, Aγγλία
 Bodiam Castle, East Sussex, Αγγλία

Bodiam Castle is a 14th-century moated castle. It was built in 1385 by Sir Edward Dalyngrigge, a
former knight of Edward III, with the permission of Richard II, to defend the area against French
invasion during the Hundred Years' War. Bodiam Castle has a quadrangular plan. It has no keep,
having its various chambers built around the outer defensive walls and inner courts. The corners
and entrance are marked by towers, topped by crenellations.
It was the home of the Dalyngrigge family and the centre of the manor of Bodiam. The castle is
protected as a Grade I listed building and Scheduled Monument. It has been owned by The National
Trust since 1925, when it was donated by Lord Curzon on his death. It is open to the public.
Bodiam Castle, East Sussex, Αγγλία
 Blenheim Palace, Woodstock, Oxfordshire, Αγγλία

Blenheim Palace is a monumental country house and the principal residence of the dukes of
Marlborough. The palace, one of ENGLAND's largest houses, was built between 1705 and circa
1722 as a reward to John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, from a grateful nation for the
duke's military triumphs against the French and Bavarians during the War of the Spanish
Succession, culminating in the 1704 Battle of Blenheim.
Following the palace's completion, it became the home of the Churchill, later Spencer-Churchill,
family for the next 300 years. The palace is s the birthplace and ancestral home of Sir Winston
Churchill. It is the only non-royal non-episcopal building in ENGLAND to hold the title of palace. It
was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987.
Tamworth Castle, Staffordshire, Αγγλία
Overlooking the River Tame, the site has
been fortified since Anglo-Saxon times,
when Ethelfleda, the Mercian Queen, built a
burh to defend against Danes in 913. It
served as a residence of the Mercian kings.
Rebuilt and enlarged by the Normans, it is
today one of the best preserved Norman
motte-and-bailey castles in England.
The present castle was constructed by the
Norman invaders in the 1080s, occupying
the south western part of the earlier burh.
Following the Norman Invasion of 1066,
Tamworth was granted to Robert
Despenser, steward to William the
Conqueror. Robert died childless and so the
castle passed to a daughter of his brother
Urse d'Abetot's, Matilida, who married
Robert de Marmion. The Marmion family,
from Fontenayle-Marmion, Normandy, held
the castle for 6 generations from c.1100-
1294. The Marmion family were hereditary
champions to the Dukes of Normandy and
then of the new Kings of England. This role
required them to offer a ceremonial
challenge to those who would oppose the
King.
 Bruce Castle (Lordship House), Lordship Lane, Tottenham, London

Bruce Castle (formerly the Lordship House) is a 16th-century manor house. It is named after the
House of Bruce who formerly owned the land on which it is built. The current house is one of the
oldest surviving English brick houses. It was remodelled in the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries. The
building also houses the archives of the London Borough of Haringey. Since 1892 the grounds have
been a public park.
Garsington Manor, Oxford, Αγγλία

Garsington Manor is a
Tudor building, built on
land once owned by the
son of the poet Geoffrey
Chaucer.
At one time it was called
“Chaucers”.
Lady Ottoline and her
husband, Philip Morrell,
bought the manor house in
1914.
They restored the house
and Garsington became a
haven for the Morrells’
friends, including D. H.
Lawrence, Siegfried
Sassoon, Lytton Strachey,
Aldous Huxley, Mark
Gertler, and Bertrand
Russell.
Harlaxton Manor, Lincolnshire, Αγγλία

Harlaxton Manor, built in 1837, is a manor house which combines elements of Jacobean
and Elizabethan styles with symmetrical Baroque massing. The manor is a popular location
for filming. It is now part of the University of Evansville's British campus.
 Little Moreton Hall, Congleton, Cheshire, Αγγλία

Little Moreton Hall is a moated half-timbered manor house. The earliest parts of the house were built
for the prosperous Cheshire landowner William Moreton in about 1504-08, and the remainder was
constructed in stages by successive generations of the family until about 1610. The building is highly
irregular, with three asymmetrical ranges forming a small, rectangular cobbled courtyard. The weight
of the third-storey glazed gallery, possibly added at a late stage of construction, has caused the
lower floors to bow and warp. The house remained in the possession of the Moreton family for
almost 450 years, until ownership was transferred to the National Trust in 1938. The gardens lay
abandoned until their 20th-century re-creation.
Cardiff Castle, Ουαλία

Ceiling
Chepstow Castle, Monmouthshire, Ουαλία

Chepstow Castle, located on top of cliffs

overlooking the River Wye, is the oldest
surviving post-Roman stone fortification in
Britain. It was the southernmost of a chain of
castles built along the English–Welsh border
in the Welsh Marches.
Its construction was begun under the
Norman Lord William fitzOsbern, soon
afterwards made Earl of Hereford,
The castle ruins are a Grade I lhistorical
monument
Caerlaverock Castle, Νότια Σκωτία

Is located 11 km south of Dumfries on the edge of the Caerlaverock National Nature Reserve.
Eilean Donan (Eilean Donnain), Kyle of Lochalsh, Σκωτία

Eilean Donan is a castle and

small tidal island where three
lochs meet, Loch Duich,
Loch Long and Loch Alsh, in
the western Highlands of
Scotland.
The castle was founded in
the thirteenth century, and
became a stronghold of the
Clan Mackenzie and their
allies the Clan Macrae.
Between 1919 and 1932 the
castle was rebuilt by Lt. Col.
John MacRae-Gilstrap. The
restoration included the
construction of an arched
bridge to give easier access
to the island.
Castle Stalker,
Loch Laich, Σκωτία
 King John's Castle (Ιρλανδικά: Caisleán Luimnigh), Limerick, Ιρλανδία

King John's Castle is a 13th-century castle located next to the River Shannon. Although the site
dates back to 922 when the Vikings lived on the Island, the castle itself was built on the orders of
King John in 1200. One of the best preserved Norman castles in Europe, the walls, towers and
fortifications remain today and are visitor attractions.
Château de Brissac, Maine-et-Loire, Γαλλία
Donjon de Ve, Oise,
Picardy, Γαλλία

The Donjon (keep) is part of the

Château de Vez.
 Château de Suscinio, Morbihan, Βρετάνη, Γαλλία

The Château de Suscinio dates from the beginning of the 13th century. It was enlarged at the end of
14th century, when the heirs of the duchy were fighting to keep their possessions (Brittany was not
annexed by France until 1514). From 1471 to 1483, the castle was home to Jasper Tudor, Henry
Tudor (later King Henry VII of England), and the core of their group of exiled Lancastrians,
numbering about 500 by 1483. Duke Francis II supported this group of exiles against Plantagenet
demands for their surrender.
Château d'Ussé, Rigny-Ussé, Indre-et-Loire, Γαλλία
Château du Fayel, Oise, Γαλλία
Château de La Motte-Tilly, Aube, Γαλλία
Château d'Apremont, Cher, Centre, Γαλλία

Château d'Apremont overlooks the River Allier. It lies on the limits of Berry. Not much remains of
the great Anglo-Burgundian fortress with its 14 towers dating from the fifteenth century.
The Château was classified as as a monument historique in 1989.
 An eleventh century
fortress stood here. A
later castle was
constructed by Robert VII
d'Ô (who was killed at
Agincourt in 1415), and
refurbished over the
subsequent centuries.
The château is built on an
island in the centre of a
lake. The site, rectangular
in shape with two towers,
contains a courtyard with
an upper gallery. It was
classified as a monument
historique in stages
between 1964 and 1973

Le Château d'Ô Mortrée, Orne, Νορµανδία, Γαλλία

Fort de Bellegarde, Le Perthus, Pyrénées-Orientales, Γαλλία
Château de Sully-sur-Loire, Loiret, Γαλλία
 Château de Blandy-les-Tors, Seine-et-Marne, Γαλλία

The Château de Blandy-les-Tours was mentioned in a text in 1216. It belonged to Adam II de Chailly,
Viscount of Melun. It consisted of a simple manor and chapel, the only construction made of stone.
The site was previously a Merovingian necropolis.
In the 14th century, the castle was strongly modified with new fortifications and structures of defence.
A moat was dug and a new gate-tower with a drawbridge was included in the enclosing wall.
Château du Plessis-Bourré, Écuillé, Maine-et-Loire, Γαλλία

The Château du Plessis-Bourré is a château in the Loire Valley, built in less than 5 years from
1468 to 1472 by Finance Minister Jean Bourré, principal advisor to King Louis XI. The château
has not been modified externally since its construction and still has a fully working drawbridge
It was classified as a Monument historique in 1931.
The Château du Plessis-Bourré has been the location setting for numerous films.
La cour d’honneur, l’hôtel des Invalides, Παρίσι, 7ο ∆ιαµέρισµα

Les Invalides, officially L'Hôtel national des Invalides (The National Town-House of the Invalids), is a
complex of buildings containing museums and monuments, relating to the military history of France,
as well as a hospital and a retirement home for war veterans (the building's original purpose). The
complex houses the Musée de l'Armée, the military museum of the Army of France, the Musée des
Plans-Reliefs, and the Musée d'Histoire Contemporaine, as well as the burial site for some of
France's war heroes.
Château de Vigny, Val-d'Oise, Île-de-France, Γαλλία

Château de Beynac, Dordogne, Γαλλία
The castle is one of the best-preserved
and best known in the Dordogne,
perched on top of a limestone cliff,
dominating the town and the north
bank of the Dordogne River
The castle was built in the 12th century
by the barons of Beynac (one of the
four baronies of Périgord) to control the
valley of the Dordogne River.
The sheer cliff face was sufficient to
discourage any assault from that side,
so the defences were concentrated on
the plateau on the other side. They
included double crenellated walls,
double moats,and a double barbican.
Château de Castelnau-Bretenoux, Quercy, Γαλλία

Construction began about 1100, under Hugues, baron of Castelnau, who built a wall around
his manor. He was the ancestor of the powerful dynasty of Castelnau, who owned a rich and
prosperous region and were vassals of the Counts of Toulouse.
Château de Chambord, Loir-et-Cher, Γαλλία

The building, which was never completed, was

constructed by King Francis I of France. The royal
Château de Chambord is one of the most
recognizable châteaux in the world because of its
distinctive French Renaissance architecture which
blends traditional French medieval forms with
classical Renaissance structures.
Chambord was built to serve as a hunting lodge for
Francis I, who maintained royal residences at the
châteaux of Blois and Amboise.
Château de Chenonceau, Indre-et-Loire, Γαλλία

The estate of Chenonceau is first mentioned in writing in the 11th century. The current château was
built in 1514-1522 on the foundations of an old mill and was later extended to span the river.
The bridge over the river was built (1556-1559) to designs by the French Renaissance architect
Philibert de l'Orme, and the gallery on the bridge (1570-1576) to designs by Jean Bullant
The château has been classified as a Monument historique since 1840 by the French Ministry of
Culture. It is one of the most famous Loire Valley châteaux.
Château de Chenonceau, Indre-et-Loire, Γαλλία
Château de Chenonceau,
Indre-et-Loire, Γαλλία
 The site, occupied since
Château de Mauvezin, Gers, Hautes-Pyrénées, Γαλλία prehistory, was
transformed into a
castrum in the Middle
Ages and later into a
castle with a square plan.
The present castle was
built around 1380, by the
great Gaston Phoebus,
Count of Foix and
Viscount of Béarn,.
Foix along with Bigorre
were absorbed into the
Kingdom of France in
1607, after which the
Count's castle fell into
disuse. It was dismantled
its stones being used for
other buildings.
Today, the castle is being
restored. It is listed as a
monument historique by
the French Ministry of
Culture.
Château de Sully-sur-Loire, Loiret, Γαλλία The Château de Sully-sur-
Loire is a a château-fort, a
true castle, built to control
one of the few sites where
the Loire can be forded. It
has been converted to a
palatial seigneurial
residence.
The Château was the seat
of the ducs de Sully. In
1716 and again in 1719 the
château offered refuge to
Voltaire after he had been
exiled from Paris for
affronting the Régent,
Philippe, duc d'Orléans.
The Château remained in
the possession of the Sully
family until 1962 when it
became the property of the
Département du Loiret.
The Château de Sully-sur-
Loire is listed as a
monument historique by
the French Ministry of
Culture.
Boulogne-sur-Mer, Pas-de-Calais, Γαλλία

The castle was built in the 13th century by Philippe Hurepel (1180-1234), count of
Boulogne and son of Philip II of France. It houses the Boulogne museum.
Château de la Madeleine, Chevreuse, Yvelines, Île de France, Γαλλία

The construction began between 1020

and 1090, under Guy I, Lord of
Chevreuse. From this period, only the
keep remains. Originally, the keep was
surrounded by a wooden palisade,
replaced by stone curtain walls during
the 12th century.
A century later, probably under Anseau
de Hevreuse, the castle was modified,
notably with the construction of the
machicolations. The gatehouse was
protected by a moat. The castle changed
hands in 1356. Ingerger le Grand, Lord
of Chevreuse and Amboise, was taken
prisoner by England during the Hundred
Years' War. He was obliged to sell his
domain to pay his ransom; the castle
was bought by the future Pierre de
Chevreuse. The existing fortifications
were improved under the reigns of
Charles V and Charles VI, who financed
the outworks with royal taxes.
Modifications were completed under
Louis XI (1461-1483). The village was
also fortified: a crenelated rampart, 3.5 m
high with turrets, was built. The defence
was completed by a 15 m large ditch.
 Château Fort de Guédelon, Treigny, Burgundy, Γαλλία

Château Fort de Guédelon is a medieval construction project. The object of which is to build a castle
using only the techniques and materials used in the Middle Ages. Building materials, including wood
and stone, are obtained locally. Jacques Moulin, the chief architect for the project, designed the
castle according to the architectural model developed during the 12th and 13th centuries by Philip II
of France. Construction started in 1997 under Michel Guyot, owner of Saint-Fargeau castle. The site
was chosen in the light of the availability of a stone quarry, in a large forest, with a pond close by.
The project is now a tourist destination, with more than 300 000 visits each year. When completed in
the 2020s, it should be an authentic recreation of a 13th-century medieval castle.
Château de Najac, Aveyron, Γαλλία

The the royal fortress of Najac was built in 1253 at the summit of a hill formed by a loop of the river
on the orders of Alphonse de Poitiers, brother of Saint Louis, on the site of a square tower built in
1100 by Bertrand of St Gilles, son of Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse before the area was
annexed by France. The castle holds a world record for its 6,80 m high archères (arrow loops),
designed to allow use by three archers at the same time. A secret corridor, hidden within the walls,
links the Romanesque tower to the chapel of the keep. Najac has been near major events
including, the Albigensian Crusade, the Hundred Years' War, the imprisonment of the Knights
Templar, the peasants' revolts, and the French Revolution.
The castle has been listed as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture since 1925.
Château d'Ainay-le-Vieil, Cher, Γαλλία

Built in the 14th century, the castle has been listed as a Monument historique since 1968
by the French Ministry of Culture.
The Château de Fougères, Ille-et-Vilaine, Βρετάνη, Γαλλία

Château de Fougères is Fougères' most famous monument and attraction. It is a medieval

stronghold built on a granite ledge. It played an imporant part in the Duchy of Brittany's ultimately
unsuccessful defence against French annexation in 1532.
 The Château de Fougères-sur-Bièvre, Loir-et-Cher, Γαλλία

Originally an 11th-century structure, the castle was rebuilt at the end of the 15th century, only the
large square keep being preserved. The first changes retained military features(ditches, cannon-
holes, wall walk) but more Renaissance refinements were added later, such as a gallery, mullioned
windows and steep-sloped roofs. The castle was purchased and restored by the state in the 1930s. It
has been listed since 1912 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture.
Château de Fougères-sur-Bièvre, Loir-et-Cher, Γαλλία

The Château de Fougères is a castle was built on a naturally protected site, a rock emerging from a
swamp surrounded by a loop of the Nançon river acting as a natural moat. It had three rings of
defense. In all it has 13 towers. The first wooden fort was built by the House of Amboise in the
eleventh century. It was destroyed in 1166 after it was besieged and taken by King Henry II of
England. It was immediately rebuilt by Raoul II Baron de Fougères. Today the castle belongs to the
municipality of Fougères and is one of Europe's largest medieval fortresses.
Château d'Ussé, Rigny-Ussé, Indre-et-Loire, Γαλλία

This stronghold at the edge of the Chinon forest overlooking the Indre Valley was first fortified in
the eleventh century by the Norman seigneur of Ussé, Gueldin de Saumur, who surrounded the
fort with a palisade on a high terrace. The site passed to the Comte de Blois, who rebuilt in stone.
It was completed in 1612. The flamboyant Gothic style is mixed with new Renaissance motifs,
and began the process of rebuilding the fifteenth-century château that resulted in the sixteenth-
seventeenth century aspect of the structure to be seen today.
It is classified as a monument historique since 1931 by the French Ministry of Culture.
Château de Villandry,
Indre-et-Loire, Γαλλία
 Mont Saint-Michel, Νορµανδία, Γαλλία

Is located one kilometre off the northwestern coast at the mouth of the Couesnon River
near Avranches
Κάστρο Gravensteen, Sint-Veerleplein, Gent, Βέλγιο
Kasteel van Laarne, Ανατολική Φλάνδρα, Βέλγιο

Laarne Castle is a moated castle, established in the 11th or 12th century to guard the
approaches to Ghent from the sea, it was comprehensively renovated in the 17th century.
Since 1953 the castle has belonged to the Koninklijke Vereniging der Historische Woonsteden
en Tuinen van België ("The Royal Association of Historical Houses and Gardens in Belgium"),
to whom it was given by the last private owner, the Comte de Ribaucourt. It is a protected
national monument and is now used as a museum.
Château de Beloeil, Hainaut, Βέλγιο
Κάστρο Carondelet,
Dinant, Namur, Βέλγιο
Château Oe Reinhardstein, Robertville-Waimes, Βαλλονία, Βέλγιο
Kasteel Ammersoyen (Kasteellaan Ammerzoden), Ολλανδία
Kasteel de Haar,
Haarzuilens,
Utrecht, Ολλανδία
Κάστρο Vianden, Λουξεµβούργο

Located in Vianden, in the north of Luxembourg, is one of the largest fortified castles west of
the Rhine. Its origins date to the 10th century. The castle was built in the Romanesque style
between the 11th and 14th centuries. Gothic aspects were added at the end of this period.
A Renaissance mansion was added in the 17th century. After the seventeenth century the
castle was allowed to fall into ruin, and has recently been restored. It is now open to visitors.
Κάστρο Vianden (Buerg Veianen), Λουξεµβούργο
Schloss Drachenburg
Königswinter am Rhein,
Bonn, Γερµανία
Burg Eltz, Γερµανία

Is located above the Moselle River between Koblenz and Trier

Κάστρο Schwerin, Γερµανία

Sited on an island in the city's main lake, the Schweriner See

Κάστρο Schwerin, Γερµανία

Sited on an island in the city's main lake, the Schweriner See

Schloss Braunfels, Gießen, Hesse, Γερµανία
Schloss Moritzburg, Σαξονία, Γερµανία

Moritzburg Castle is a Baroque palace in Moritzburg, in the German state of Saxony, about
13 km Northwest of Dresden. The castle is named after Duke Moritz of Saxony, who had a
hunting lodge built here between 1542 and 1546.
Κάστρο Altena, Γερµανία
 Schloss Celle, Κάτω Σαξονία, Γερµανία

Celler Schloss was one of the residences of the House of Brunswick-Lüneburg.

The castle has rooms and halls datig back to different periods. The court chapel was converted
after the Reformation and has been preserved almost unchanged with its Renaissance
architecture. The baroque-style state rooms have also been preserved. In the Gothic Hall there
are constantly changing exhibitions and in the East Wing is a section of Celle's Bomann
Museum, dedicated to the history of the Kingdom of Hanover. The historic castle rooms and the
castle chapel, restored between 1978 and 1981, may be visited as part of a guided tour.
Schloss Glücksburg (Lyksborg Slot), Γερµανία

Glücksburg Castle is one

of the most important
Renaissance castles in
northern Europe.
It is the seat of the House
of Schleswig-Holstein-
Sonderburg-Glücksburg
and was also used by the
Danish kings.
Situated on the Flensburg
Fjord the castle is now a
museum owned by a
foundation.
Schloss Hohenzollern, Γερµανία

Hohenzollern Castle is the ancestral seat of the Hohenzollern family, who became German
Emperors. A castle was first constructed here in the early 11th century. The present castle was
constructed for King Frederick William IV of Prussia between 1846 and 1867. The design was
based on English Gothic Revival architecture and the Châteaux of the Loire Valley.
In 1945 it became home to the former Crown Prince Wilhelm of Germany, son of the last
Hohenzollern monarch, Kaiser Wilhelm II, who is buried there with his wife, Crown Princess Cecilie
Burg Kriebstein,
Waldheim, Σαξονία,
Γερµανία
Burg Vischering, Lüdinghausen, North Rhine-Westfalia, Γερµανία
Schloss Moritzburg , Σαξονία, Γερµανία

Moritzburg Castle is a Baroque palace in Moritzburg, in the German state of Saxony, about 13 km
northwest of Dresden. The castle is named after Duke Moritz of Saxony, who had a hunting lodge
built here between 1542 and 1546.
Château de Chillon, Veytaux, Montreux, Ελβετία

The Château de Chillon is an island castle located on the shore of Lake Geneva in the commune
of Veytaux, at the eastern end of the lake, 3 km from Montreux
The first written record of the castle date to 1160. From the mid 12th century, the castle was
home to the Counts of Savoy. The Château de Chillon was made popular by Lord Byron, who
wrote the poem The Prisoner Of Chillon; Byron also carved his name on a pillar of the dungeon.
Château de Vufflens, Vaud, Ελβετία

A castle was built here in 1425 by Henri de Colombier on the site of a previous medieval castle. Of
Henri Colombier's structure, the donjon, several towers, outbuildings, curtain wall and the gate-house
survive. In 1641 it was acquired by the de Senarclens family. Today the castle is a Swiss heritage site
of national significance. It is currently privately owned and cannot be visited by the general public.
 Burg Hohenwerfen,
Werfen, Κοιλάδα
Salzach, Αυστρία

The castle is surrounded by the Berchtesgaden Alps. The fortification is a "sister" of Hohensalzburg
Castle, both dating from the 11th century. A fortification was built here between 1075 and 1078 (during
the Imperial Investiture Controversy) by Archbishop Gebhard of Salzburg as a strategic bulwark. He had
three major castles extended to secure his archbishopric against the forces of King Henry IV.
Gebhard was expelled in 1077 and could not return to Salzburg until 1086, only to die at Hohenwerfen
two years later. In the following centuries Hohenwerfen served Salzburg's rulers, the princearchbishops,
as a military base, residence and hunting retreat. The fortress was extended in the 12th century and again
in the 16th century during the German Peasants' War. Later it was used as a state prison and like many
ecclesiastical prisons developed a particularly sinister reputation.
Among the attractions offered by the fortress today are guided tours showing its weapons collection, a
falconry museum and a fortress tavern.
Burg Hochosterwitz, Sankt Georgen am Längsee, Καρινθία, Αυστρία

Hochosterwitz Castle is considered to be one of Austria's most impressive medieval castles. There
are 14 defensive gates, each equipped with different methods of guarding the path. Local legend
maintains that the castle has never been conquered and that none of the attacks managed to get
beyond the fourth gate.
Schloß Naudersberg, Tirol, Αυστρία
Gammel Estrup, Randers, ∆ανία

Gammel Estrup Manor was built in 1490, but excavations have revealed evidence of earlier
constructions also mentioned in texts under the name Essendrup dating back to 1340. From
1930 the manor has served as a museum, showing the development of Danish nobility.
Spøttrup Borg, ∆ανία
Κάστρο των Τευτόνων (Μarienburg), Malbork, Πολωνία

This is the largest castle in the world by surface area, and the largest brick building in Europe.
Olavinlinna (Κάστρο του St. Olaf), Savonlinna, Φινλανδία

This is said to be the northernmost medieval stone fortress in Europe still standing
ΚάστροTrakai, Λίµνη Galve, Λιθουανία
Traku salos pilis (Trakai Island Castle), Λιθουανία

Κάστρο Bouzov, Moravia, Τσεχία
Bouzov Castle (Czech: Hrad
Bouzov) built on a hill is an
early 14th-century fortress
first mentioned in 1317.
In 1558 the castle burned
down. In 1696 the barony
was bought by the Grand
Master of the Teutonic
Order. The Grand Master
from 1799 to 1839,
Archduke Eugen Habsburg,
decided to rebuild it in a
Romantic, Neo-Gothic style.
Today an eight-storey
watchtower dominates the
complex. The buildings are
grouped around it in the form
of a horseshoe.
Two bridges, ending with a
short drawbridge, span the
deep dry moat around the
castle.
Since 1999 the castle has
been a national monument.
Κάστρο Bouzov, Μοραβία, Τσεχία

Located between the village of Hvozdek and the town of Bouzov, west of Litovel, Moravia.
Το κάστρο της Bratislava (Bratislavsky hrad), Σλοβακία
Bojnický Zámok (Κάστρο Bojnice), Σλοβακία
Κάστρο Trakošcan, Varaždin, Βόρεια Κροατία
Κάστρο Fagaras, Brazov, Ρουµανία

In 1696, following penetration of the Austrian army in Transylvania, Fagaras Castle (or Fagaras
Fortress) became Crown property of the Habsburgs.
Η "Χελιδονοφωλιά", Κριµαία

The Swallow's Nest is a decorative castle

located between Yalta and Alupka.
It was built between 1911 and 1912 in
Gaspra, on top of the Aurora Cliff, to a
Neo-Gothic design by the Russian architect
Leonid Sherwood.
The castle overlooks the Cape of Ai-Todor
on the Black Sea coast and is located near
the remains of the Roman castrum of
Charax.
The Swallow's Nest is one of the most
popular visitor attractions in the Crimea,
and has become a well known symbol of
the Crimea's southern coastline.
Torre de Belém (ή Πύργος του St
Vincent), Santa Maria de Belém,
Λισαβώνα, Πορτογαλία
Παλάτι Pena, Sintra, Πορτογαλία
 Alcazar, Segovia, Ισπανία

The Alcázar of Segovia (literally, Segovia Castle) is a stone fortification, rising out on a rocky crag
above the confluence of the rivers Eresma and Clamores near the Guadarrama mountains.
It is one of the most distinctive castle-palaces in Spain, shaped like the bow of a ship.
The Alcázar of Segovia, like many fortifications in Spain , started off as an Arab fort, which itself was
built on a Roman fort but little of that structure remains. It has served as a royal palace, a state prison, a
Royal Artillery College and a military academy since Moorish times.
The Alcázar of Segovia, Ισπανία
Aljaferia, Zaragoza, Ισπανία

The Aljafería Palace is a fortified medieval Islamic palace in the Moorish taifa of Zaragoza of
Al-Andalus
Coca Castle,
Segovia, Castile-Leon,
Ισπανία
Κάστρο Santiago Sanlúcar de Barrameda, Cádiz, Ισπανία

The Castle of Santiago was constructed by the Second Duke of Medina-Sidonia (Enrique
Perez de Guzman y Meneses) between 1477 and 1478. The style is late Gothic. The
castle is rectangular with towers around a central courtyard.
Κάστρο της Cardona, Catalonia, Ισπανία

The Castle of Cardona (Catalan:

Castell de Cardona) is a medieval
fortress situated on a hill
overlooking the valley of the
Cardener river.
A fortress was constructed here by
Wilfred the Hairy in 886. The 11th
century torre de la minyona is a
tower measuring 15 m in height and
10 in diameter. A Romanesque
Church dedicated to Sant Vicenç de
Cardona stands adjacent to the
castle.
Today the castle is used as a
parador, a state-run hotel. Because
of its history, it has become
significant to the Catalonian
independence movement
Ανάκτορα Aljafería, Zaragoza, Ισπανία
Κάστρο Bellver, Palma di Majorca, Βαλεαρίδες Νήσοι, Ισπανία
 Alhambra Palace, Granada, Ισπανία

The Alhambra (Calat Alhambra) is a palace and fortress complex, originally constructed as a small
fortress in 889 and rebuilt in the mid 11th century by the Moorish king Mohammed ben Al-Ahmar of
the Kingdom of Granada. It was converted into a royal palace in 1333 by Yusuf I, Sultan of Granada.
The Alhambra's Islamic palaces were built for the last Muslim emirs in Spain and its court of the
Nasrid dynasty. After the Reconquista by the Reyes Católicos ("Catholic Monarchs") in 1492, some
portions were used by Christian rulers. The Palace of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor in 1527, was
inserted in the Alhambra within the Nasrid fortifications. It is now one of Spain's major tourist
attractions, exhibiting the country's most significant and well known Islamic architecture, together with
16th-century and later Christian buildings and gardens.
The Alhambra is a UNESCO World Heritage Site
Ανάκτορα Alhambra, Granada, Andalusia, Ισπανία
Castel dell'Ovo, Νάπολι, Ιταλία

Castel dell'Ovo is located

on the former island of
Megaride, now a
peninsula, in the gulf of
Naples.
Castello di Sammezzano, Reggello, Τοσκάνη, Ιταλία

Ceiling
Rocca Sanvitale, Fontanellato, Parma, Ιταλία
Castello Piccolomini (Celano Castle), Celano, Aquila, Ιταλία

The square castle, with

round towers at the
corners, was erected in
its present form on the top
of the San Vittorino Hill.
Its construction was
commissioned by Count
Pietro Berardi around
the year 1392, and was
finished around 1451.
Today, the castle hosts
the Museum of Sacred Art
of the Marsica.
Castel del Monte, Andria, Apulia, Ιταλία Castel del Monte is a 13th
century citadel and castle
standing on a promontory. It
was constructed during the
1240s by the Emperor
Frederick II, who had
inherited the lands from his
mother, Constance of Sicily.
It has neither a moat nor a
drawbridge leading some to
conclude that it was never
intended as a defensive
fortress; On the other hand,
archaeological work has
suggested that it originally
had a curtain wall, so what
we see today might be just
the keep of the original
structure.
The Castel del MonteIt is a
World Heritage Site, and
appears on the Italian
version of the one-cent euro
coin.
Castel del Monte, Andria, Apulia, Ιταλία
Κάστρο του Bardi, Κοιλάδα Ceno, Parma, Emilia-Romagna, Ιταλία
Palmanova, Friuli-Venezia, Giulia, Ιταλία

The town of Palmanova is an example of star fort of the Late Renaissance. It was built by
the Venetians in 1593.
Palmanova, Friuli, Ιταλία
Palmanova, Friuli -Venezia,
Ιταλία
Castello di Sammezzano
Reggello, Τοσκάνη, Ιταλία

The Peacock Room

Castello Barletta, Andria, Trani, Ιταλία
Ribat του Monastir, Τυνησία

Ribat of Monastir on the Mediterranean coast is the oldest and largest Maghreb Ribat. Built in 796
by the Abbasid general and governor of Ifriqiya, Harthimâ Ibn A’yûn, the complex that can be seen
today is the result of a long evolution of successive additions and changes.
The original nucleus of the building presents a regular plan with massive façades with cylindrical
towers at the corners and a watchtower located to the southeast. The courtyard is lined with
galleries which open on several stories.
Κάστρο Ribat, Sousse, Τυνησία
The University of Timbuktu, Mali, West Africa

The University of Timbuktu was established in the 12th century. Teaching included
geography, mathematics, the sciences, and medicine.
During the 12th century, the university had an enrollment of around 25,000 students from
Africa as well as parts of the Mediterranean within a city of around 100,000 persons.
The castle like construction is useful when, periodically, religious fanatics attempt to destroy
University facilities, artefacts and manuscrits, most recently in 2013.
Κάστρο της Πάφου, Κύπρος

Paphos Castle is located on the edge of Paphos harbour. It was originally built as a
Byzantine fort to protect the harbour. It was then rebuilt by the Lusignans in the thirteenth
century after being destroyed in the earthquake of 1222.
In 1570 it was dismantled by the Venetians. After capturing the island, the Ottomans
restored and strengthened it. It was declared a listed building in 1935 and represents one of
the most distinctive landmarks of the city of Paphos.
Κάστρο των Κολοσσών, Λεµεσός, Κύπρος
Κάστρο Bozcaada (Τένεδος), Çanakkale, Τουρκία

Bozcaada Castle is one of the best preserved castles of Turkey

Sazova Mahallesi, Eskisehir, Τουρκία
 Ανάκτορα Amarah, Najran, Aba Al Saud, Σαουδική Αραβία

Amarah or Emara Palace is a daub castle located in the central ancient city in Najran. It is a good
example of the traditional architecture of the region.
The castle was built from daub (mud & straw) with its foundations built of stones. It is composed of
65 rooms and housed the local governor and his deputy and personal companions (khawis). The
building takes the shape of a classic castle with high rectangular walls and round guard towers at
the four corners. Inside (shown in the photo) is a well which dates back to pre-Islamic age.
Bahla Fort, υψίπεδο Djebel Akhdar, Οµάν
Arg-é Bam (Ακρόπολη Bam), Kerman, Ιράν

The Arg-e Bam was the largest adobe building in

the world. It was a lrge fortress/city in whose
heart the citadel was located, but because of the
impressive look of the citadel, which forms the
highest point, the entire fortress is referred to as
the Bam Citadel.
It is listed by UNESCO as part of the World
Heritage Site
The origin of this massive citadel on the Silk
Road can be traced beyond the Achaemenid
period (6th to 4th centuries BC). The heyday of
the citadel was from the 7th to 11th centuries,
when it lay at the crossroads of important trade
routes and known for the production of silk and
cotton garments.
On December 26, 2003, the Citadel was almost
completely destroyed by an earthquake, along
with much of the rest of Bam. It is currently being
rebuilt.
Arg-e-Bam (Ακρόπολη Bam), Kerman, Ιράν
Κάστρο Falak-ol-Aflak, Khorramabad, Lorestan, Ιράν
Κάστρο Khiva, Xorazm, Ουζµπεκιστάν
Alila Fort, Bishangarh,
Jaipur, Rajasthan, Ινδία
Amer Fort, Rajasthan, Ινδία
Hawa Mahal, Jaipur, Rajasthan, Ινδία
Πύργος Po Shanu Cham, Phan Thiet, Βιετνάµ

West of Mui Ne, the Po Shanu Cham towers,

remnants of the once flourishing Cham empire,
occupy a hill near Phan Thiet, with sweeping
views of the town.
Dating from the 9th century, this complex
consists of the ruins of three towers, none of
which is in very good shape, largely due to
destructive restoration efforts.
Matsumoto Castle, ("Crow Castle"), Νοµός Nagano, Ιαπωνία

Matsumoto Castle is one of Japan's premier historic castles. The keep (tenshukaku), was
completed in the late sixteenth century, It is listed as a National Treasure of Japan.
Matsumoto Castle is a flatland castle (hirajiro) built on a plain. Its defences would have
included an extensive system of interconnecting walls, moats, and gatehouses.
Matsumoto Castle, ("Crow Castle"), Νοµός Nagano, Ιαπωνία

Matsumoto Castle is one of Japan's premier historic castles. The keep (tenshukaku), was completed
in the late sixteenth century, It is listed as a National Treasure of Japan.
Matsumoto Castle is a flatland castle (hirajiro) built on a plain. Its defences would have included an
extensive system of interconnecting walls, moats, and gatehouses.
Κάστρο Akashi, Νοµός Hyogo, Ιαπωνία
Azuchi Castle, Λίµνη Biwa, Omi, Ιαπωνία