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    Atlas of Igneous Rocks and Their Textures PDF

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    Sm-iagi Itm

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    Atlas of igneous rocks and their textures W.S. MacKenzie, C.H. Donaldson & C. Guilford Contents Preface Acknowledgements Part 1 The textures of igneous rocks (Numbers refer to photographs - not to pages) Introduction Crystallinity Granularity ‘Terms referring to what the aided and unaided eye can or cannot see ‘Terms indicating absolute ranges of grain size Terms indicating relative sizeof crystals (Crystal shapes ‘Terms indicating quality of the development of faces on crystals “Terms indicating three-dimensional crystal shape General three-dimensional terms Specific three-dimensional terms ‘Skeletal, dendritic and embayed erystals Paralle-growth crystals Sieve-textured crystals Elongate, curved. branching erystals Pseudomorphs ‘Mutual relations of erystals (and amorphous materials) Equigranular textures Inequigranular textures Seriate texture Porphyritic texture 1014 1817 18.22 23.28 26.30 3132 3 May 38 39.43 aE Glomeroporphyritie texwure Poikilitic texture Ophitie texture Interstitial textures (Oriented, aligned and directed textures Trachytic texture Trachytoid texture Parallel-growth texture see ‘Comb texture (comb layering) Orbicular texture (orbicular layering) see Imtergrowth vextures ‘Consertal texture Micrographic texture (or graphic. if visible with the naked eye) Granophyric texture Myrmekitic texture Intrafasciculate texture Lamellar and bleb-like intergrowths Symplectite texture Radiate textures Spherulitic texture Variolitic texture Radiate intergrowth Overgrowth textures Skeletal or dendritic overgrowths Corona texture Crystal zoning. Banded textures (banding) ‘Comb layering, orbicular texture, and ocellar texture Cavity textures Vesicular texture Amysdaloidal texture Miarolitc texture Lithopnysa or (stone-ball) texture Part 2 Varieties of igneous rocks (Numbers refer to photographs ~ not to pages) Introduction Ultrabasie rocks, Dunite Peridotite Kimberlite Garnet peridotite Pyroxenite Komatiite Meymechite Horblendite Basic rocks Basalts var. Tholeitie basalt var, Alkali olivine basalt var. Lunar low-Ti basalt var. Lunar high-T basalt var. Picrtie basalt wae Ankaramite 46-47 4851 5257 5863 64 66 7 a2 071 104 RB 14.76 67 80.83, 84 88, 86.88 89 1 92.94 95-102 103-104 106-107 108, 0 ML 2 na nd us 16 47 118 u9 iri im Spilite Gaboro Teschenite Essexite Dolerive Norite Anorthosite Intermediate rocks Andesite Boni Diorite Tonalite Kentallenite Monzonite Dacite Granodiorite Trachyte Syenite Shonkinite Acid rocks. Rhyolite Pantellerite Granite Alkali granite Alkaline and miscellancous racks Phonolite Leucite phonolite Nosean leucite phonolite Psoudoleucite phonokve Blairmorite Nepheline syenite Malignite Sodalite syenite Nephelinite Holite Unite Basanite Tephrite Olivine metiltite Leueitite Fergusite Minette Alnbite Mafurite Fitzroyite ‘Wyomingite Madupite Carbonatite Chondirite (meteorite) Achondrite (meteorite) Appendix: Preparation ofa thin section of rock References Index 14 1s 126 27 D8 19 130 142 143 144 145 167 Crystallinity Tancous rocks range in crystallinity From entirely crystals to emitely glass Adjectives used to desribe these states re show on the following scale: 100% erytale 100% glass hojoerystaltin ypocrystaline! oF hypohyaline ‘oohyaline ‘The adjetives gla completely glass vitreous and dyafine all indicate that & rock is more or less “ttypoeryaline rocks cn be described more precisely hy stig the sla proportions of cent lass 1 Holocrystalline anorthositic gabbro Elongate crystals of plagioclase feldspar, some wrapped round olivine crystals, form a framiework in this rock, the Intestces of which are filled with smaller plagicelas, olivine and augiteerystals. The purplsh-blue area atthe top right of thi photograph is an augite crystal which includesa number of smal plagioclase and olivine crystals. Perpendicular Feldspar gabbro from Middle Border Growp ofthe Skaergaard intrusion, Fast Greenland: miagification S7XPL. 2 Holocrystall Crystals of biotite, quart, “perthti’potassium-rich spar (large crystal bottom ight) and zoned sodium feldspar makes up this granite. The speckled appearance in the cores ofthe plagioclase feldspar cause by fine inclusions of mica. Granite from Ross of Mull, Scotland: magfication x1, NPL Crystalinty 3 Hypocrystalline pitchstone with perlitic cracks Crystals of plagioclase, biotite and magnetite are set in glass (Black in XPL) which has spher tures known as perlite cracks: these appear as thin section f 1m Chemnitz, East Germany; magritcation | PL and XPL Be Dacite 20, I 4 Hypocrystalline basalt Small olvine phenocrysts (colourless in PPL) and colum: nar, skeet eige colour in sed by murky brown glas. No plagioclase his erystalized in this rock, The deeper punk colour around the margin of some of the titanauite is @ narrow mantle of Ti-ich amphibole Basalt from Quars, West Greenland: magnifeations 35 PPL nd XPL Ceysainity Hypocrstalline basalt (continued) ass. Th as"spherulites (sce Sp adc returep. $4) (See Pitchstone fram Arran, Scotland: magnification 12, PPL 7 Glassy particles of mare basalt in lunar soil Pieces of las, many of them spherical, are orange-brown ‘or black in colour. Some ofthe darker ones are partially ‘xptaline. These patiles were formed by rapid cooling ‘of droplets of basalt melt; thas been sugpested that the Aroples formed ether in fre-fountsiing fava eruption, ‘or by meteorite impact into a lava lake oF into a molten ot solid lava flow. (Contrast 6) The scarce, iregularly Shaped fragments are pyroxene (pale brown) and feldspar (colourless) “Lamar basalt 74220 from Taurus Litton Valley collect by Apolo 1? astronaut; magniction 43, PPE. Za Liquid tmmiseibility Globules of one glass in another ae found in some rocks and tkese are attributed to immiscibity ‘of the two liquids. tn this rock they can oly be seen at very high power in thin films oF glass henween lathe of plagioclase. Specimen from basal ava, Lava bes National Memument California, CS.A.: magnification » 630. PPL, Crystatinty Glass, oF devitriied glass. is often an important constituent ofthe pyrocestic rocks Known as asa ruff and alow nis (or igrambrites). Such rocks typically have Jraemental textures... they comprise mixtures of fragments of rocks. crystals and sss. predominantly kss than a millimetre in size (89). In an ashen depont the las fragments may initially be plastic enough to he partly of wholly welded to ther as the weight of overlying material causes compaction of the consitusst Fragments; such a rock is known as a welded taf (8b). I sufficient heat is avaiable, sassy fragments devitity Crysis 89 Glassy unwelded rhyolite tuft “The glassy fragments ia this rock, some of which are ‘panded and slightly Savtened, are not welded to one ‘another, They and the crystals of quartz and feldspar are ‘embedded in fine glassy particles ash, ‘Recent ignimbrite, from Whakatane, North Island, New Zealand: magniieation 46, PPL ‘Bb Glassy welded crystal tuff “The glassy matrix in this rack has an apparent discon- tinuous lamination caused by extreme. compaction and tnekling of original pumice fragments. The rewular ali Ineat of the faten6d Fragments is known as eutaitc Welded tuff fram Tibchi granite ring-comples, Nigeria ‘magnification +36, PPL. 9 Tutt “This fragmenta rock consists of erystals of quartz, alka feldspar and plagioclase of various sizes and shapes, pieces of glassy rhyolite (eg. centre) and pieces of Fre-grained tuff ll enclosed in a fine-grained banded fash mattis which originally may have been glassy. (See also 13) Tf from Llanelwedd, Wales: magnification x 10, PPL. and XPL, Granalarit Granularity This property embraces thre different concepts: (I) what the aided and unaided exe can or cannot see; (2) absolute erystal sizes (p, 12); and (3) relative crystal ses (9.14). ‘erm referring to what the aed ant unaided eye can or cannot sce Pesta texture ar le ae drikngy Large The ler aphyi& sont wed fr ephantic racks which Lack peor o, , 6,1), hich he Phanerocrsstalline (ohaneritc texture of American petrologiss) all crystals ofthe mand rare principal minerals ean be distinguished by the naked eye (sce 10)" phanitc~ all crystals, other than any phenocrysts preset (see p. 14), cannot be Semen Medlurgraised ~erystal diameters Stim Fine-vained crystal diameters < Lm! ‘The newt six photographs (18, 16 and 17) eral aken a the same magnification (427) to indicate how grain size relates to the numberof crystals soon in given eld of view (4.2 « 3.1mm), and hence the exten of te texture visible at that magni= fication. While the overall texture is recognizable in the fine-grained tock, is Hol $0 i the coarse one and a low-pawer objective lens would be nevessry to examine it adequately, Petrographic microscopes rarely havea sflicenly low-power abiective lens for examining the extures of coarse-grained rocks: hand lens should be used for these, with two shoes of polaroid, i available "some pelos nchule another rage, <0.0Smm, which they cll ery ne graine. 14 Pitchstone containing crystallites of two ‘sizes Radiate clusters of crystallites are set herein glass. The bulk of the lass contains even smaller crystallites, causing the grey colour, whereas adjacent to tho larger enstalies the smaller ones are absent. This is higher magnifeation view ofthe cock illustrated in 5 Pitcstone from Arran, Scotland: magnification x 82, PPL 15 Fine-grained gabbro ‘This rock contains plagioclase, orthopyroxene, augite and magnetite: some of the orthopyroxene crstals (ow birefringent mae mineral) contain narrow lamellae of tausite. Although the rock i fine grtined, itis called a "gabbro’ because itis from a large intrusion: the fine tain size resuls from quick cooling at the intrusion margin. Another term that could be used for this rock is ‘mierogabbro (se p78. Gabbro fom chilled marein of the Skaergaard inirasion, East Greenland: magnification «27, PPL and XPL- Yee Fine-grained gabbro (continued) 16 Medium-grained olivine gabbro The spaces between crystals of plage this rock are occupied by augite and ilmenite. Act Fight ofthe picture the plagioclase abuts onto an olivine sta. The augite erystals contain lamellae of orthop- tabu Gabbyo from Lower Zone b of the Skaergaurd intrusion. Bast Greenland: magnification «27, PPL and NPL “Terms indicating relative sizeof crystals all eystal are of approsimately the same size JIncquiranulay ~ crystals differ substamaly in size. A common variety, porphritic Texte, involves relatively lar sroundimass. (NP. The same m bedded in finer pained feral may be present as both phenocrysts snd froundmass) In naming a rock with porphyritc texture the mine DPhenocryts should be listed and followed by the sux -phse Pigeon phyric andesite. How Pires used, eg an olivine viophyre {exiurein this case isreferrd as werophyrie (3, 142), Sefare exture involves con tinvous range in sizes of erystalsof the principal mincras: if the crystals show a ‘broken series of sizes, the inoquigranule texture fs said to be hiatal Caution is sd hiatal textures, since the dimensions af jon depend on the atitude ofthe intersection of the est crystals (phemoers sts et if the groundmase is glass, the term “Vitro has olivine phenocrysts set i glass: the ‘necessary in the idonifieaion of sera ‘crystal in thins "The prefs miro- may be add to phenocrysts which have diameters ined olivine gabbro A this magnification only parts of throe large olivines and one plagioclase are visible, such that textural relations fare not determinable inthis singe vie Geabbro from Ruan, Scotland, magnification and XPL , PPL Granlarty 18 Equigranular poridotite- Uniformly-sized olivine crystals, some of them in clots, fomm the bulk of this rock, with plagioclase filing the interstices, The black material is mieroerystalline haem tie formed by oxidation of olivines and the grees material sa clay mineral Peridot from the Skeergaard intrusion, ast Grenland, ‘magnification x27, PPL and XPL, fadiional views of equigranalar rocks are shown in 43, 13,117,125, 130 (frst photo) 134.140 hid poo, 168. Andesie from Siebengebirge, Germany; magnification 2 PPL and XPL leaf throuah the sgito-magnetite vitrophyre Phenoerysis ofthe three minerals plagioclase, augite and ‘magnetic, some of them in clots, are set in lass which contains crystallites of plagioclase Basalt from Arran, Scotland: magnification «20, PPL. See 132 for another exanple of nanophyre 22 Seriate-textured olivine basalt The crystals of olivine, augite and plagioclase in his tus all show a wide ange of grain size From as small as 001mm up to 4num. Note the abundance of groundmass Inclusions in some of the crystals, giving them a sponge like appearance Olivine basalt from Arthas Seat, Eiinburgh, Scotland ‘mognificaion 17. PPL and XPL. See 44 a 137 for other examples ofthis texture (Crystal shapes Two kinds of tem are used to describe erystalshape= (1) those relating to the quality Of the development of faces on crystals and (2) those spocfying the three-dimensional Shapes of individual erytals(p. 19) Terms indicating the qu ty ofthe development of faes on crystals stably, three sets of words ate in-use to describe the same ideas, the most commonly use set being tha in the fist column ofthe following table Prefers ms |Synonymous terms |Ssronymows terms | Meaning Eahedral leiomorphic | Aomorphic | Cyt sompleely ‘ded by ts ‘Shaniteristi ae Subbed Hypiomorphic | Hypautomorphic | Crystal hounda by oa some of ts charasersic Anbar Allotsiomorphic 23 Euhedral olivine in olivine basalt The photograph shows the characteristic sicsided eu heal shape of olivine in sections through the prism and dlome faces. Note the slight enclosure of matrix material by one ofthe prism faces. Olivine basalt from Ubekend Elland, magnification 40, XPL West Greenland; 24 Subhedral olivine in pieritic basalt Some ofthe faces on this equidimer fare flat, planar ones, whereas ot ombayed, ‘onal olivine crystal ers are curved and Picrite basalt from Uhekendh Eland, magnification, 72, XPL and: 25 Anhe ine phenocryst in basalt The entire perimeter ofthe large olivine erystal, at extne tion in this picture, hasan irregular outline and ao planar faces are present (The narrow brown rim on the syst i “iddingsit’ formed by hydration and oxidation of the olivine) Olivine basalt from Mauritius, Indian Ocean: magnifica ton 32, NPL Fig. A Examples of equidimenstonal crystal shapes The words grain and grande are often used for eau dimensional crystals, and drap and ble for particularly soll examples. Crystal shapes ‘Terms indicating three-damensional erstal shape In hand specimens of coarse-grained racks itis often possible to see the thre: dimensional shapeof acrystl on a broken surface. For fner-gained rocks, howeser ‘the crystals have fo be examinod ia tin sections and th two-dimensional shapes of Several erst of different orientations sad ta deduce the three-dimensional shapes ofthe crystals in genera. General thce-dimensional toms Te shape may cther be an equdimensional (syn. equa) ot fone, asllusrated in figs. A and B where the names applied to n inequitanensional ‘various shapes are anhodral spheric! Ceystal shapes //\ il (| "a i U ms a, Ake, Specific thee-dimensional terms Skeletal, dente and embaed erst «those which have hollows and gaps, possibly regularly develop. «3, and usualy with particular crystallographic orientations. In thin section spaces appear as embayments* and holes in the eryta, filed with groundmass ystals or glass. Dende erystale consist of regular arty of tibees sharing 2 ‘common optical orientation (ie all part a a single crystal) and having a brancheng Pattern resembling that ofa tee or the veins i leaf ora feather. In practice a rystals can be deseribed as ether skeletal or dendritic because they have charaeters. (ies of both imply resorption o's eye by recon wth ig WE mah 29), athers (eg. 35 and 27) have embaymens which proba and ‘embered Pig. B Ew N.B, Although these are uhedal examples, they cold be ‘ubhedral or anhedral, crystals in this ook ate olivines and each shows a diferent shape in section; some are complex skeletal rystls (eg. elongate yellow crystal on the lef ‘others are relatively simple skeletons (eg. quant orange Crystal, middle right) and yet others have only small embayment Pierite basalt from Ubekerdt Ejland, We ‘magnification 0, XPL Greenland Crystal shapes 27 Skel Wile superficially resembling the euhedral outline of the olivine in 23, thecrysal occupying the bulk of his picture has « complex interior form and incomplete prism and dome faces Pleriic basalt fom Ubekendt Ejland, West Greenland: magnification x 15, PPL 28 Dendritic All the delicate, dendritic crystals in tis photograph are jinly rapid solic: sate the yellow Specimen of olivine basalt melted and then cooled a 10 he the laboratory. magnification 40, PPL 29 Embayment in augite phenocryst The large augite systal in this photograph contains a Olivine basal from Arthur's Seut, Edinburgh, Scotland XPL ‘magnification » 2 Crystal shapes Paralle-growth estate The term i applied to an agregateof elongate crystals of the same mineral whose ‘stallographic axes are mutually parallel, or almost so. Although in thin section individual parts of the agaregte may be isolated from one another, inthe third nsion they are probably connected. A purallel-growth crystal single, incomplete crystal formes by a putictlar style of skeletal growth 30 Embayed quartz The deeply embayed quartz crystal in this olivine basalt contains. brown glass and sail, columnar, skeletal ‘Pyroxenes. Is aso surrounded bya film of the glass and an aggregate of equant granular augite crystals which separate it from the basaltic proundmass Ottrine basalt from Lassen Park, USA: magnifeaton x42 PPL 31 Olivine paraltel growth ‘The clongate olivines near the middle of the photograph and showing blue inteterence colour all have the same «xstallographic orientation, and hence representa single paralle-growth crystal The crystal with yellowishgrecn Imterference colour shows how the paralel-growth crystal ‘might appear, if sectioned a right angles. Pirie basalt from Ubekendt Ejland, West Greenland magrications 23. XPL ‘ere the paraliel grow is oF avery lange olivine ery ‘The actual width ofthe field of view is 1-Tem and this shows only a small part of the paral growth, avhose ‘otal width is SOcm and height is 18cm, The whole comprises several hundred parallel units like the on shown here. Plagioclase and augite occupy th “channel beewoen the parallel growths. In the XPL picture the polars have Been rotated so that the olivine i not in ‘tinction, The slight differences in birefringence OF the olivine atthe top and bottom of the pictare are caused by the section being thinner there, Tis rock has the special textural name harriite Feldspathicperidovic from Rluan, Scrtane; magnification 7, PPL and NPL. Sieve-texurederssals ‘These contain abundant, smal, interconnected, box-shaped glass inclusions, giving the crystals a sooncev. oF noronk anmrmee Crystal shapes ‘The core of this xenocryst consists of pass and alkali feldspar ina fine-mesivlke arrangement; the narrow rim isan overgrowth of plagioclase Otvine basal from Lassen Park. USA. magnification» 62, PPL. Elongate, curved, branching erynals These are rely genuinely bent, rather the curvature is caused by development of branches along the length of the erytal, each branch having a slightly ifferent crystallographic orientation to its neighbours (eg. 34 36). 34 Curved branching augite The highly coloured ersstals in this photograph are com: plex. branching crystals of augite in subparalel align Ineni, They form part_of a pyroxenecrich band in siferentited dyke. (See also 71) Dolerite from North Skye, Sees: magnifieation 2 NPL 35 Branching augite in lamprophyre dyke ‘he acicular, aligned phenocrysts in this photograph are all of augite, forming eomposte, radiating, curved and branching groups, Individual nesdles can be seen to cot sist of several straight portions offset slightly from one another, and having very slightly differen orientations: this ves cach ‘acd its curved appearance, The margin ofthe dyke ly to theleft. (See also 70.) Fowrhite from Fiskaenesset area, Southwest Greenland; Iagniiaiton 20, XPL 36 Curved and branching plagioclase crystals in dolerite The large composite plagioclase crystals in this rock are elongate parallel to the e crystallographic axis und Rat- ened parailel to (010). From the direction in which they branch, and from tha i which the erysal atthe bottom ins itcan be deduced that the crystals prew from right fo le. The matrix consiss of fine-grained plagiocase, olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, devitrified glass and clay tiers. Feldspathic dolerite, Ubokendt Ejland, West Greenland, ‘mugniteations 16, PPL. and XPL (Crystal shapes Crystal shapes Pseseomorphs Temay be found that crystals ina thin section, although having the characteristic shape of particular mineral, prove to be of another mineral, or an agarezate of Erystals of another mineral, The name pseudomorph is used for such a crystal. If the peeudomorph fas the same composition as the orginal crystal (€z quart" in These photographs iluscate a particulary intriguing shape of branching aupte crystal t consists Of groups o! slightly diverging needle, subparalel tothe length of the érystal, which apparently have grown from curved branch ing needles oriented approximately at right angles to the crystal length. Despite the uniform interference colour ‘of many the acedles. a sweeping style ofextinetion occurs when the microscope stage is otated under crossed polars, indiating thatthe needles are no allo thesamecrystallo- sraphic orientation Peridoritic komatite from Munro. Tovnstip, On (Canada: magncation » 52, PPL and XPE. 38 Carbonate psoudomorphe after olivine The phi tins of skeletal olivine, with inclusions of groundnass in the embuyments. However the photograph shows the phenocrysts to be occupied by finely crystallized carbon: al, indicating that replacement of ovine has vocurted. certs in this altered basalt show typical see Miered args Derbyshire, En Another example of pseudomorph is shown bs 98 Coys sha Mutual relations of erystals (and amorphous materials) The various pattems of erystal an gement which can exist are convenient introduced under the following headings: eguierana textures; banded textures: and cavity textures. ‘more than one ofthese categories and some also belong to the categories of erysta Fity. granularity and erysal shape. Thus certain of the teatures introduced th section have already been mentioned and reference is made Yo photosraph of thet quigranlar textures Depending on the general shape of the crystals, three textures canbe distnguisho in Which crystals of the principal minerals ina rock are of roughly uniform grat, ‘vhodra granular | panidiomomphic granular | blk of the estas are | eubedea and of air subodral gunulse | Aypidiomorphic granular | bulk of the erst are sibhedel tad of form sae (aohedra! granular altriomorphie tres aly 1 coos bulk of heey are Boundaries between these categorie uly defined and consequent wea rock may not i net into of the crystals are euhecral and ~ 0 anhedral might best be described as having amined euhedral und andra granu Ta adlition 18,111 118, the examples of these textures in 39-43, others may be found in 7.128, 130, 134, 140 ad 168 39 Euhedral granular hornblendite Rocks possessing truly cuhedéal granular textures are very rare. The one in this igure i 4 good example of « ‘more common situation in which only Some ofthe crystals othe principal mineral, homblends, ace euhedral and Some stcty are subiedral. In contrast to 40, there are 8 higher proportion of erysals with faces and the ten cuhedeal granular’ is therefore suggested as most ap- propriate. Itshould be appreciated, however that another petfologst might prefer subhedral granular Homblendie fram Avsbeal Hil, Scotland: magufiaton The stout prismatic plagioclase feldspar erystals which dominate this rock are mostly subhedral. The ankedral Interstitial crystals are of orthopyroxene, augite and magnetite Gahbro from Midite Zone of the Skacrgaard suiusion, East Greenland; magnifiatonx 20, XPL 41 (Anhedral) granular troctolite few of the plagioclases in this equ possess face and none of the olivines do. A] ice therefore predominantly anhedral and 1 texture i granblar. Troctoite from Garbh Bheinn inrusion, Skye, Sevan ‘magication 17, NPL “Mutual relations of erystals:equigranoar textures 42 Granular granite FExceping the saree biotite crystals, the quartz, micro. 43. Granular therzolite “The crystals of olivine (coloures in PPL), and pyroxenes (pule brown in PPL) which make up 95°, of this rock, Fhok any crystal ices, Lyzolue xenolth from the Matokey kimberie pipe esutho; magnification x 16, PPL and PE, Mutual relations oferystalss equigramalar textures Incquigranalar textures ‘This category includes seven kinds of texture: (a) seiate; (6) porpirii; (c) ‘lomeroporphyritic; (4) poiklitic; (@) ophitie: (©) subophities and (2) merit Cntersertal and intergranula, Tes not common fora single thin section to display ‘more than one of these textures, Seria texture (Crystals of the prineipal minerals show continuous rang of sizes, (Se also p. 14) 44 Soriate-textured basalt This basalt, consisting of just plagioclase, augite and a Esoull proportion of magnetite, shows range in sizes of plagioclase and augite crystals From =0.01-0 Sram Basalt from stn of Mantas: magnification x43, PPL aud XPE. ‘See 22 and 137 for athe seratetestured rocks. 45 Augite-o1 jeite-phyric mol Avgite(ereyish-gron and green in PPL) is present in fine generations in this sample - large euhdta pheno ysis. subbed microphenacryts and tinute ground mass crsials. The leucite occurs as colourless. quan fthedral microphenacryss, most cally identified by their very low biretringence in the XPL. picture, and the fbvine a fintgrey, euedri, columnar mi ents. Note the complicated zoning pattern in om Augie phenocrysts, the prominent marginal zoning and the line of small inclusions of groundmass crystals in lanother. Mellie is confined to the fine-grained granular igfoundmass and cannot easily be seen in these photo saps Moliite rom Malena, Celeber; magnification 11, PPL asd XPL Many more examples of porphyriic texture may be found Io leafing throwsh the oak Porphyrtic texture Relavely laree ery the grounimass (8 ls (phenocrysts) are surrounded by finer sine crystals o Ghomeroporphyriictexewre ‘A variety of porphyrtic texture in which the phenocrysts are bunched, or clustered, in agpregates or cots called glomerocr sts (A minority of petroloista rant thot y to monomineralie clots and for polymineralc lots they use term cumdophyrie texture.) Glomerophyric is usually used synonyanours wah slomeroporpyrtc, though the formes term strictly should be reserved Tor eluston a ‘sant erystas Johannsen, 1931), (Shmewss fe includes the genetic imp Fest avoided} also describes erystal clots but on thatthe erytas ‘swam together” and is therefore 46 Glomeroporphyritie tholelitic basalt ‘The photograph shows erystal clots of different sizes composed. of plazio gite and olivine crystal, snclosed by fine-grained intergranular and intereral textured groundmass Bast from unkioe locality: magnification 12, XPL 47 Glomeroporphy itic hawalite Discrete phenocrysts of plagioclase and olivine, and clots consisting ofa few erystals ofthe same minerals, are Selina fine-grained groundmass in places showing sight alignment of plagioclase needles. Some plasiocases in individual clots are aligned ~ this arrangement = common in plagioclase glomerocrysts, Hawaite from plateau lesas of North Skye, Sconand masificiton HLAPL. Addiional views of slomeroporphyrtic texture may be Seen in 122, 127. 186 and 138. Part of single augi 3 in own he some of which form Gahbro from North Skye, Scot XPL n Quarsut, West Greenland: magnification chadacrysts enclosed by Stal (yellow colour, exceeding losing plagioltse crystals The orange erystal at upper land: magaifcation 7. Poikiite eseure Crystal an the enclose ryt fsant, oF neary 30, they ne tiferencesin extent of chadacryst growth atthe ime of enclosure. It snot customary vextre tothe arrangement in which scarce minute erystal of ‘are embedded in a crystal, nor to that in which the enclosing roximately te se sie as that included, Ophide texte This isa variant of pike testureim which the randomly arranged chadacysts are ongate and are wholly, of partly, enclosed by the ofkocryst. The commonest foccurtence is of bladed crystals of plagioclase surrounded by subeguant a tals in dolerite (Sometanes refered tows dleriic texture): however the textus [Snot confined to dolerites, aor to plagioclase and augite as the participating minerals ‘Some petrologiss distinguish the arrangement in which the elongate chadlacryts closed (petilophic texture) from that in which they are partially tnclosed and therefore penetrate the oikocryss (subophitic fexture). Poikfophitic fexrure could also be ised when oikocryts surround elongate chadacryts of one ‘mineral and equantchadacrysts of another, Fine-and medin-arained rocks made up of many small oikoerysts haves patchy stm dosed soph ied. 50 oli Large pagioclases, enclosing or pataly enclosing, ro olivines at their margins provide a framework to this Fok: the interstices of which are occupied by lara ko enclosing round olivines and sll stubby crystal plagioclsse Olivine gabbro from Middle Bovder Grow of the Ska. ituard intrusion, East Greenland magnification * 12. XPL gabbro containing poikilitic domains 51 Olivines enclosed by plagioclase oikocryst Sulbhodral equant olivine crystals here are enclosed in & single large playioease erst Felaspar periorte from Riu, Scotland: magnification 21 APL Additional views of poskilie cexaire may be found in 111, 18 and 167 52 Ophitic-textured alkali olivine dolerite yo lr ana ert of aug esse nurs, fal sa variable colour due toa chemical Olivine dlerite from Shiaat tts sl, Scotland: magna L tion 1, ‘58 Subophitic toxture in olivine dolerite The photographs show plagioclase lths embedded in several augite erystals: whereas some of the pl fe partially altered to a green cly-like mineral and is -lavered rock (below) and pyroxene-phyte rock above), The V ofthe branching ‘widens inthe direction of growth, which savy from the

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