Viruses

-Virus : obligate intracellular parasites .

-Virus contain two genomes DNA or RNA But not both .
which contain :- ss : single stranded . ds : double stranded

-Capsid :- protein shell that enclose the viral genome .

-Capsid symmetry : (( cabic – helical – complex ))
-Viral Enveloped : help in infect host and composed of lipid bilayer and glycoprotein
-Bacterophage :- viruses that infect bacteria cell ( prokaryotic )
-Virion :- complete virus particle : nuclic acid + protein . it is extracellular phase of
virus (( before virus enter host cell ))
-Vector virus passed from host to host through direct contact and vector .
-Nucleocapsid :- viral nucleic acid + protein coat .
-Viroids : is naked circular single strand RNA that infect plants . it is the smallest
known pathogens .
-Prions :- is infectious proteins cause brain disease e.g :- mad cow and CJD in
human .
-DNA viruses replicate in nucleus of host except " poxvirus "
-RNA viruses replicate in cytoplasm except " influenza & retrovirus "

-most plants viruses are RNA viruses .

-Virus may be :- monomorphic , dimorphic , pleomorphic .

-Reproductive in virus :- by assembly of individual components .
-

-Viral Replication Steps :-

1- Recognition of target cell .
2- Attachment
3- penetration :- By Endocytosis .
4- uncoating
5- replication
6- assembly
7- budding
8- release

DNA viruses :-
1-Poxviridae
2-herpesvirdiae
3-adenovirdiae
4-hepadnavirdiae
5-papilomavirdiae
6-parvovirdiae
7-polyomvirdiae
RNA viruses :-
1-picornavirdiae
2-coronavirdiae
3-retrovirdiae
4-reovirdiae
5-orthomyxovirdiae
6-paramyxovirdiae
7-rhabdovirdiae

Some viruses with their causes :-

1- HIV : AIDS
2- Hantvirus : HPS
3- Ebolavirus :- hemorrhage fever .
4- nipah virus :- encephalitis " binflammation of brain "
5- coronavirus :- SARS " sever acute respiratory syndrome "

-Some Viruses Transmitted :-

- viruses transmitted by inhaled droplet -----} rhinoviruse
- viruses transmitted by food and water -----} Hep A
- viruses transmitted by direct contact -------} HIV
- viruses transmitted by bite of vector -------} Yellow fever virus .

Calss Diseases
DS DNA :-
1- PAPILLOMAVIRUS Papilloma & genetal cancer .
2-POLYOMAVIRUS Tumers
3-ADENOVIRUS Respiratory disease
4- HERBSVIRUS Herbes + chicken pox , E.G of herpes
virus is :- Epstein – barr virus
5- POXVIRUS Small pox + cow pox
6-HEPADNAVIRUS Hepatitis

SS DNA :-
1-PARVOVIRUS Rosella
 DNA Viruses

Single stranded
Double Stranded
))non enveloped((

Complex enveloped
Enveloped Non enveloped Parvoviridae

Herpesviridae
Hepadnavirdiae Circular Linear Poxvirdiae

Papillomavirdiae
Polyomavirdiae
Adenovirdiae
 Calss Example Diseases
DS RNA :-
1- Reovirus - Diarrhea (( gastrointestinal
Respiratory diseases .

SS RNA :-
1- picornavirus 1- poliovirus Rhinoviruses cause :
2- rhinoviruses rhinitis ( common cold )
3- entericvirus

2- togavirus 1- Rubella virus Rubella cause : Rubella

2- Yellow virus and germany measles .
3- Encephalitis virus

3- rhapdovirus (( ‫)) السعار‬ - Rabies .

4- paramyxovirus - Measles - MUMPS

5- orthomyxovirus Influenza virus Influenza A-B-C

6- Retrovirus HIV AIDS

(( RNA tumor virus ))

7- cornavirus - SARS

-Oncogenes :- gene that cause cancer .

Oncogenes viruses :- virus that cause cancer , include :-
1- Epstein –Barr Virus ( Herpes Virus ))
2- Heb B
3- Heb C
4- HTLV
5- Papilloma viruses

-Mutation :- during replication of DNA , copying errors of viral genome maybe occur
.

-Transduction:- transfer of genetal information from one bacterium to another by

bacteriophage .

-Transformation :- is the process by which bacteria take up fragment of naked DNA

and incorporation then into their genome .

-transposition :- mobile genetic elements that can transfer DNA within cell from one
position to other .

-Amplification :- Production of multiple copies of gene .