S OME U SEFUL F ORMULAE FOR RCC D ESIGN

RECTANGULAR BEAM

WSD (Singly) WSD (Doubly)

wL2 wL 2
(1) wdesign = (1) wdesign =
8 8
29 x10 6 509
(2) n = (2) n = (made by rashed for easy calculation)
' fc
57000 x f c
fs fs
(3) r = (3) r =
fc fc

n n
(4) K = (4) ) K =
nr nr
K K
(5) J = 1 – (5) J = 1 –
3 3

(6) R = ½ fc j k (6) R = ½ fc j k

M M
(7) dreq = (7) dreq =
Rb Rb

(8) treq = dreq + 2.5" (8) treq = dreq + 2.5"

(9) M = ½ fc j kbd2 (9) M1= ½ fc j k bd2

(10) M = As fs j d M1
(10) As1 =
f s jd

M (11) M 2  M D  M 1
(11) As =
f s jd
(12) M 2  As 2 f s 2 (d  d )
'

To review:
(13) M2 = As' fs' (d-d')
K  ( 2 n  ( n) 2 )  n

d'
K
(14) fs' = 2fs d
1 K
M2
(15) As' =
f s ' (d  d ' )
(16) As = As1 + As2
 RECTANGULAR BEAM

USD (Singly) USD (Doubly)

2 2
wL wL
(1) wdesign = (1) wdesign =
8 8
' '
87000 f 87000 f
(2)  b  0.851 x c (2)  b  0.851 x c
87000  f y f y 87000  f y f y
(3)  max  0.75  b (3)  max  0.75  b

As f y As f y
(4) a  (4) ) a 
0.85 f c ' b 0.85 f c ' b
a a
(5) Mdesign = As f y (d  ) (5) Mmax = As f y ( d  )
2 2
f 'c (6) M 2  M D  M 1
(6) Mdesign =φ ρ f y bd (1  0.59 
2
)
fy
M M2
(7) As = (7) As2 =
f y ( d  a / 2) f y ( d  d ' )

(8) As' = As2

(9) As = As1 + As2

As '
(10)  
'

bd
A
(11)   s
bd
_
87000 f ' d'
(12)  lim  0.851 x c x  '
87000  f y f y d

(13) 
max  0.75  b  
'

T-BEAM
 WSD USD
(1) b = span /4 (1) b = span /4
(2) b = 16t + b' (2) b = 16t + b'
(3) b = b' + clear distance to the next beam (3) b = b' + clear distance to the next beam

 Considering the minimum value  Considering the minimum value

As M
(4)   (4) ) As =
bd f y ( d  a / 2)
29 x10 6 As f y
(5) n = (5) a =
57000 x f c
' 0.85 f ' c b

1 t Asw f y
n  ( ) 2 (6) a =
(6) K =
2 d 0.85 f ' c b
t
n 
d
t t
6  6( ) 2  ( ) 3
1 0.85 f 'c (b  b ' )t
d d 2 n (7) Asf =
(7) J = fy
t
6  3( )
d
(8) M = As fs j d M2
(8) Asw = a
f y (d  )
2
t (9) As = Asw + Asf
(9) M = f s (1  )btjd
2kd
t t
(10) M = f c (1  )btjd (10) M1 = As f y (d  )
2kd 2

M a
(11) M2 = Asw f y (d  )
(11) As = t 2
f s (d  )
2
M (12) M2 = MD – M1
(12) As =
f s jd
As
3kd  2t t (13)  
(13) z  x b'd
2kd  2 3
M As
fc  (14)  used 
(14) t b'd
(1  )bt (d  z )
2kd
Vtotal (15)  max  0.75(  b   f )
(15) d req  '
2.95 f c bw
Av f v d Asf
(16) Sreq = (16)  
Vtotal  Vc b'd

Shear Reinforcement
WSD USD
Vc = 1.1√f'c bwd Vc = 2 φ √f'c bwd
If V>Vc, stirrup is required
If V< Vc, theoretically no shear stirrup is If Vu < Vc ,
required, Smax minimum of = d/2
--------------------------------------------------- = 24"
V A f y
 and Vc = 1.1√f'c bwd =
bw d 50bw
If V < Vc , If 2 φ √f'c bwd < Vu< 4 φ √f'c bwd
Smax minimum of = d/2 Smax is minimum of = d/2
= 24" = 24"
A f  A f y
= =
50bw 50bw
A f y d
If 1.1√f'c < Vc< 2√f'c , =
Smax is minimum of = d/2 (Vu  Vc )
= 24"
A f  If 4 φ √f'c bwd < Vu< 8 φ √f'c bwd,
= Smax minimum of = d/4
50bw
= 12"
A f  A f 
= =
(V  Vc )bw 100bw
If 2√f'c < Vc< 4√f'c , A f y d
Smax minimum of = d/4 =
= 12" (Vu  Vc )
A f 
=
100bw
A f 
=
(V  Vc )bw

(1) c  1.1 f c ' (1) c  2 f c '

(2) Vc = c (bd ) (2) Vc = c (bd )
Av (3) max  6 fc '
(3) Smax =
0.0015b
Av f v d (4) Vmax = max (bd )
(4) S =
Vext  Vc
Av
(5) Smax =
0.0015b
Av f y d
(6) S =
Vext  Vc

Bond and Anchorage

WSD USD
V V
(1) u = (1) u =
 o Jd   o Jd
 3.4 fc ' 6.7 fc '
(2) Top bar: Uu = (2) Top bar: Uu =
D D
4.8 fc ' 9 .5 fc '
(3) Bottom bar: Uu = (3) Uu =
D D
As f s As f y
(4) u  (4) u 
 o Ld  o Ld

One-way Slab
WSD USD

(1) Minimum Slab Thickness: Temperature & Shrinkage Reinforcement:

Simply supported ------------- L/25
One end continuous ---------- L/30 Ast = 0.0018bt
Both end continuous --------- L/35
Cantilever --------------------- L/12

As (2)  max  0.75  b

(2)  
bd
(3) M = As fs j d fy
(3) Mul = f y bd (1  0.59 
2
)
f 'c
M M ul
(4) dreq =
Rb (4) dreq = fy
f y b(1  0.59  )
f 'c

Two-way Slab
WSD USD
(1) Thickness Calculation: (1) Thickness Calculation:
(i) t < 3.5" (iii) t < 3.5"
Perimeter Perimeter
(ii) (iv)
180 180
As (2)  max  0.75  b
(2)  
bd
(3) M = As fs j d fy
(3) Mul = f y bd (1  0.59 
2
)
f 'c
M M ul
(4) dreq =
Rb (4) dreq = fy
f y b(1  0.59  )
f 'c

Flat Slab

(1) Minimum slab thickness fy

L (0.8  )
(i) t = (1) Slab Thickness = 200
40 Ln
36
 (ii) t = 4"
2c W'
(iii) t = [0.024L ( 1-) ]+1
3L f ' c / 2000
 Considering the highest value
(2) (2)

ONE-WAY CANTILEVER SLAB

(1) Required Thickness,
L fy
t = ( ) x(0.4  )
10 100

One-Way Simply Supported Slab

(1) Required Thickness,
L fy
t = ( ) x ( 0 .4  )
20 100

Column Design
(1) P  Ag (0.25 f 'c  f s  g ) (1) fs = fy : For symmetrical section
Ag (2) As fy = A's f'y
(  1)
(2) Ac
 s  0.45 fc '
f sy
4as Pu '
(3)  s  (3) a 
gDc 0.85 f c ' b
As (4) Pb '  0.72 f c ' bd
(4)  g 
Ag
ab
(5) Pb eb  0.85ab b( d  )  As ' f y ( d  d ' )
2

COLUMN DESIGN

(1) e < eb ---------- Compression Failure

(2) e = eb --------- Balanced Condition
(3) e >eb ---------- Tension Failure (yielding)
(4) Ast = Total Area of Steel (Comp + Tension)
(5) As = Only Tension or Comp. Steel Area
Ast
(6)  g 
Ag
fy
(7) m = = Ratio of Steel Stress and
0.85 f ' c
Concrete Stress
(8) Pall = 0.85 Ag [0.25 f'c + fs  g ] [when M=0,e=0, concentrically loaded colm]
(9) Mf = 0.45 f'c Sut [Mf = BM capacity when P=0]
(10) Mo = 0.4 As fy (d-d')
P
(11) M = Mo + (Mb – Mo)
Pb
(12) Mb = Pb eb
(13) M = fb Sut
(14) Pa = 0.34 f'c Ag (1 +  g m) [Pa = axial load capacity when M=0]
1 [fa = actual compressive stress]
Pb 
(15) 1 e
 b
Pa M f
Pb Fa = axial load divided by gross sectional area
(16) f a  Fb = bending moment divided by section modulus of
Ag
uncracked transformed section
(17) eb = (0.67  g m + 0.17) d P P
Where, f a  , Fa  a
(18) fs = 0.4 fy Ag A
fa f M Mf
(19)  b 1 fb  , Fb 
Fa Fb S S
(20) Fa = 0.34 f'c (1 +  g m) Fa = allowable stress for axial load only
= 0.34 f'c (1 +  g m)
(21) Fb = 0.45 f'c Fb = allowable bending stress (pure stress)
= 0.45 f'c