FIGURE 2.2 Field lines on an arbitrary TEM transmission line.

energy for this 1 m length of line can be written, from (1.86), as

Wm H H ds
4 S

while circuit theory gives Wm L Io 2 4 in terms of the current on the line. We can thus
identify the self-inductance per unit length as

L 2
H H ds H/m 2 17
Io S

Similarly, the time-average stored electric energy per unit length can be found from (1.84)
as

We E E ds
4 S

while circuit theory gives We C Vo 2 4, resulting in the following expression for the
capacitance per unit length:

C 2
E E ds F/m 2 18
Vo S

From (1.131), the power loss per unit length due to the finite conductivity of the metallic
conductors is
Rs
Pc H H d
2 C1 C 2
(assuming H is tangential to S , while circuit theory gives Pc R Io 2 2, so the series
resistance R per unit length of line is
Rs
R H H dl /m 2 19
Io 2 C1 C2

In (2.19), Rs 1 s is the surface resistance of the conductors, and C 1 C 2 represent

integration paths over the conductor boundaries. From (1.92), the time-average power dis-
sipated per unit length in a lossy dielectric is

Pd E E ds
2 S

where is the imaginary part of the complex permittivity j 1 j tan .

Circuit theory gives Pd G Vo 2 2, so the shunt conductance per unit length can be
written as

G 2
E E ds S/m 2 20
Vo S
 y

a x

Rs
b

FIGURE 2.3 Geometry of a coaxial line with surface resistance Rs on the inner and outer
conductors.

EXAMPLE 2.1 TRANSMISSION LINE PARAMETERS OF A COAXIAL LINE

The fields of a traveling TEM wave inside the coaxial line of Figure 2.3 can be
expressed as
Vo z
E e
ln b a
Io z
H e
2
where is the propagation constant of the line. The conductors are assumed to
have a surface resistivity Rs , and the material filling the space between the con-
ductors is assumed to have a complex permittivity j and a permeabil-
ity 0 r . Determine the transmission line parameters.

Solution
From (2.17)–(2.20) and the given fields the parameters of the coaxial line can be
calculated as
2 b 1
L 2 2
d d ln b a H/m
2 0 a 2
2 b 1 2
C 2 2
d d F/m
ln b a 0 a ln b a
Rs 2 1 2 1 Rs 1 1
R 2
ad bd /m
2 0 a2 0 b2 2 a b
2 b 1 2
G 2 2
d d S/m
ln b a 0 a ln b a
Table 2.1 summarizes the parameters for coaxial, two-wire, and parallel plate lines.
As we will see in the next chapter, the propagation constant, characteristic impedance, and
attenuation of most transmission lines are usually derived directly from a field theory so-
lution; the approach here of first finding the equivalent circuit parameters L C R G is
useful only for relatively simple lines. Nevertheless, it provides a helpful intuitive concept
for understanding the properties of a transmission line and relates a transmission line to its
equivalent circuit model.