CHAPTER 2

FIRE DETECTOR AND EXTINGUISHER ROBOT

2.1 Block Diagram

Figure 2.1 Block Diagram of Fire Detector & Extinguisher Robot

2.2 Explanation of Block Diagram

Fire Detector and Extinguisher Robot is operated to detect the fire and also to extinguish
it. It can be operated in two modes one is manual mode and other is autonomous mode.
Manual mode is operated using joysticks and for autonomous mode there is no human
intervention. In manual mode direction of the robot is controlled using joysticks, even pump
is operated manually. In autonomous mode IR sensors are used to detect the fire and robot is
coded accordingly to move in the direction of detected fire. In this robot has a switch which is
used to switch between manual and autonomous mode.

The main components are :

 IR sensors
 Flame sensor
 Motor drivers
 DC motors
 Pump
  IR Sensors:

IR P hoto Diodes are used as sensors. These sensors are connected to ADC pins
of the microcontroller. IR P hoto diodes are connected in reverse bias to be operated as photo
diodes otherwise they will be operated as normal diodes. The voltage variations of the
sensors is given as inputs to the Micro controller and accordingly the robot is operated.

 Flame sensor:

The Fire sensor is used to detect fire flames . The module makes use of Fire sensor and
comparator to detect fire up to a range of 1 meters.

 Motor Drivers:

Motor drivers a re used to describe the direction of movement of the robot. It is used
to give high voltage and high current as an output to run the motors which are used in the
project for the movement of the robot.

 DC Motors:

In this project we use simple DC motor for the rotation of the wheel which are
responsible for the movement of the robot. Usually DC motors convert electrical energy into
mechanical energy.

 Pump:

Pump is a mechanical device which is used to pump water on to the fire to ex tinguish it. It uses a
simple motor to pump water.