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Queer Necropolitics PDF
Queer Necropolitics PDF
Queer Necropolitics PDF
roe of ein he in SEEPS ny Soa Sents ab cr ofoetecare are ‘fer wing i Fe ta rc, cil, besotted ann xr CER ata exon of uperined vaeaby vo pena es [ora Pe etman 0H) gad Harwor OL cries of eda gest Ee, mes maar cen ima coments he ge of Nope ena Z eRe tal cere cen oh progres expan prin a resi af eprom, enzo that have ben cay hae rk i Bare 2008 ir The goo be pin nd ‘Egy dt rom mei os vrcaeaerte rear ar toca _ ee cee tg mrt Sepa pecgememetiomee era Seb eatretiee tpuesemens stam a ee sens acimnaue ates i oan engraver pyr wc nr Ment 23 ye dt iy ‘eco pas fey ene and pons counted Clad ll {ity Calica eed va lng cing von eso ‘Stveen'gocs osetia hret rer Cleat terse ‘hci nd pte ‘in pr coin Fem, ee infeed wc cy ee emu cer probleme acter prod be war on ror athe inh “hf cn pron nme al ‘Clana oy pi 198 deh ed Sencar easy san fap ea sted aca, Scan ang ih rin ro 10 Keay domino guar hase age AIDS bln ‘ond pt cle liga nt ove sea hi {na Tits een nation armas "Elta quer and people ns ih HIV AIDS hema por, ‘fclour and um nine tc Cap (Che Coe.Part | Death worldsChapter | We will not rest in peace AIDS activism, black radicalism, queer and/or trans resistance Che Gossett ‘Wi ae ting in a dine in which me than eer, a James Bld presccniy wrote in hie beaufly moving open leer to then imprisoned ack aia [Angela ¥. Davi, "Americans esi li sym luis an copa (Gavin 211: 255), We ate ing inate of cain and core death bs ‘nd uring of owvage apd activin a pone to mast nace, ras Secencion and époration, HIV einialzaton, AIDS pia an the oni AIDS epidemic ant-qoe and aan polievslence. Ms incacration the nomatned Brekdop on which the idologil screen af pourra ‘ealicraism is projected. The carceral and mary oda comple ae figured oe ncesary lstitons sfesarding the Americ necieal ene ands prosiding a haven fo ‘very tzough te enoremen oat tine’ lego and DADT, Is th the dream nts? Inti chapter, 1 explore the way in which the pris indi complex ae the persting AIDS epidemic ae ted together within broader sory of ‘imation of and medial malign reget tows our Communities» ‘olur quer, ransgender, gender nom-conoring, pce and dale mak the fase hatin the fice of conned HIV cininaation, the wa o dg and the rendering othe pole along wih dent apie woe carcral HIV AIDS revemon and eae are bat adred inthe rgiter ef PIC abel, fn pricy, highlight how iid ouside ogatsing gaint haropa for medial series by ACT UP members such ss Grey Sit ao Kiya ‘Krom oer sto eink AIDS atv, bck ad quer Nbr and sa son atv as ineraced Ths, quer and/er tan ean, AIDS avin ‘nd prison abolionistciqus converge the rug forthe denim ‘HIV/AIDS asa cuca component AIDS sd bolic Te oy sro quer and/or ta abteni eriigt ohe pron nda erp ‘seen insoeh ent ab Qh nae Ri, While ot Mel 201) Gatie ‘Gea (Sane and Smith 2011) ap Agia Ei Phas WEE Ait Pat To (Conrad 2012, While incrersed poop’ etc movement ding the height of 19705 beranit sruggkshave earache tere msn ned fb work that explore how the prison system hae been c and sas unt alah and-quer and/or ania vlc As wl are nis32 Queer necrpoties opis ne ADS ach cg ln oF netnprt eh th se i ah Te Jouisie hidory of AIDS activism seems especially relevant i we consider ne ed ence Fo be Ym cop Blbnaarno dag Cline’ reine to he Jee Hlrinped IV ave cada ammeter te Tom aediamepe ocindipns vn ce eon cmazaen fxn ang oes iNT eh hn ADs vi etn ee aes vee cine aes he enemy se tte Te a ech by mete ing Jee Salil vsriingu on soltonn cal oanbearceralconcec, sa Serna ashe td tel mye pls eres evn sn ede doc reennghk Sere now nour age of neoleral alas and the carer ae of ‘ery : “The necropeltis of the prison a ephemera oct ee oar ncn cay otesse opine hela converge inerndn he nr pe? ae * = |(Mberbe 2003: 12) Se ora geese ce er eta ee oe li re aie ee tw eres nad cee ate pana eden nd enact ove Paro gh ae eee pe ton presenied by Paul Rebeion and Wiliam Patcno, "We Change (Genocide, matali Paterom 1970, The ti ef ie pestonson vets 2 its declate: We Change Genocide: The Herc Petition othe Uaied [Nations for Rei From a Grime of The Unie Snes Goverment Agu! the Negro People. The ptton wasn rxpone to ani bck rac hough veh bios and necropalical vince comgen state velenee eit Back ers ‘As James lin. pasionaey aged in Ee Ty, Sere Blane rer been, and are no ow, aly considered ob cscs hae: Blas can nthe American imagination, ann elaon Arner tunics to the sve ces the regal reagetion eur presence coma the mot competing (alvin 1885: 3} Thin echoed in Colin Daya aga ae Inrowing acount in Te Su of Gd a Unuse, which aces he he hat shvery tll aun our fea Lsguage and holds he pon se tall (Dayan 2007 16, The vast landcape othe prion india craps PIC) on thas be described more generally as am example of what Mabe all ‘ceathacape’ new ad unique fom fsx exsece in which at poplone re sbjetedt condos ee cofring upon them the tat onde [Bfocmbe 200 4, “The pron indi comple am ays aay ant-lack vs ly an queer and anserangendes entree that perpeuate what Sly Haron samc the ‘fee of savery (Harman 2008 6) hotonalis fre ot ‘eric i flowing ‘teeny a armen ncerted per ln Aes ‘blowing benefits aera dora lone and ces cao bes, eto stigma. Incarceration has been history employed tay ok ‘ainsning an ania and white sapremacs ipa an racial ep ‘ander frm antebellum ack coe’ tat sinaled vagraey Det Say 125-126 pos tmappatono more recent ate to eager and leroy the moment of ack Ubrations tnverens in the Cried Sec (anging om suvetnce and aborage fe Renny Aeon Mesenenn {BCOINTELPRO, tothe caren enewed retin of saa Sha) Jounal Shane Baer (2012) has documented how in Calera the mee pone ok ‘ek radical erate resu in being ermine sang Plead pt salary bowing unis SHU) aor oftone fom nick ext nce ohne ‘inistation fen based on whether one inks on ler eco ple (aver 012: 1-1 rss this contin the loge of COINTELIIO, ‘hich ined to neuraize and eininate ack fedora vere ‘The prio dial complex at ones a maniftaon fs dpliny and fa contol society. The psa one othe central and pricing wore ‘echnlogis throh whith os and necroplial vile and the appears silanes that ence tare naturale, Theis merphotey of te ‘arcerl is sch that even a ts dmanded i ayn fer dernnacaon td decarceraoe, othe one had proliferates vn extended tase ae wince ad contol = ankle bree, probtion and parle on the ates34 Queer necropolis ‘area vee sinned in vrs poral reir ad fo I te ps Srinagar Act which expan sven nd pote iain ftlencned ing otinng wat on rg) we ae wien he lence GPa popu dvr ss pnd wearorcy. Te al fo che ston rie pe ul comple rue the comple dmanting 5 intent and dentin nis Foca termed the cer conan’ reece ar 297, 303mg om nore senor dpeation ol dreamer tat i apa ofthe spe pron 0s cose ‘Suis characteris ein soit. “Te sinleaon ef HV one ste wich takes, AIDS pb, bi nearer enc comege, We ert eseah pail ‘Babe ae as begun oar the pact of mas incacerasin o AIDS tests peetan, newts AIDS activ and he stor IV ‘Snort o quer an/or tram prion abel tc have Er een nected. Awl nate ext we ave ic ea em twtr to he nil ory tre telling on. HIV: the history of criminalization “Thank othe powesil media activi and jour by AIDS acs an ‘cvortes we no have a lars picture of te ior of he crimiaiain of HIV tngone 1898 the Presidential Carmisin on the HV eee pub put cling frelon on criminal pedo nt cing HIV sts etbe emal nt hr should contain HI pec eriminzsion las. 10 onset o ore mil law, wih fe applied blankly, she emission ‘Stommended HIVpecic stuns hat would provide ear notice of oily ‘Gacrepatte anders of behavior specie w the HIV epiemi and eaior unten the ape cme of HIV warms’ Presidential Gomis Tn HIV Epidemic 188: 130, The eprt recommenda were eco he 1090 yas White ave Ac hid peated hat tates have the ‘fina ‘exponent nes end emia knoe fn ode orice eral any fr HIV/AIDS care and eduction: “Twoyear ter, Congen aed oie thee oxinizaton hen ‘Phased te jan Whe Congreve AIDS Restores Esesgecy Act ‘Gho he CARE An, wish and he sates prove ade of stern tren poccton fines rarsrison of HIV toe Ine ea rcefd faing for HIV/AIDS pret. By 1985, ost half ester a HIV specie xsl eatin. (BeAr 208: 715) Insereing, HIV eiminalation ode (propo estaton alr al eames pains for sate an juries eat was created by he Ameen Legilatve Exchange Counc (ALEC) which nthe wake of pu ‘ocr lowing he wage death of Trayvon Mat, ako abandoned ers © fh Kr yter ID so and your ground legato, Ae ives oor "Tod Heywoed por, HIV cnn in emerged at hee of poli conserva, AIDS pie sp corporate power Io the ae fl of 1996, tute rakes and repeentatis fhm mae imuaoc and pharactueal companies were ard at work aden he Inoming AIDS erst for the American Lepsintve Enchange Covel a ‘ciervatveleaning Dhink tank that proce dated bine en ‘node! egito, The efforts of ALEC» AIDS poly wexking oup wee ued hat yearn 169-pge book coining 18 HIVspece ele ‘eeonmenations. Sone ofthe mode Ive wou fer becoming eal sate lima, goon nelly einai he behavior o people Hn is HIV and perptte ating sigma agai HIV-positive people Topwosd 205: 1 The war on dg ~ a ma iinet and pier coin" meme and cad he AIDS eee ongh selene {ics mandy sans ey by ing lee ‘Serf ineion rere Ae ery ceed por ye Gb ‘Smminon on Drug Fob at hw on geet don Shick te mw boy ser eee ed ef HIV vette ng sng reed snd we os ae ee ‘Rese tom ps hereon re 012 1 has ed eh AIDS ‘Dic scnlechn agwhat nt ded h Santee ler headin cocey areraon tn lng poo Hc emma hogs Usted Se Se ‘rin gen he on ge ner ar ce a war ent be fog ag ances bat ely ann. prope orn 20 1 Te Uke Sts nt te wr ron tr a ee IV nine, HIV cae heed ante bi fhenonenn en ned ote eta ted ae bh db remy pope wen ming HT eg sr tot rd det IV dna we Sb 212 Revenge la eigen o fue a/or yam vsanc ad nef onse AIDS civ eng Tsing ein th pon ninco by ected AIDS acti {Ei andvongeneribwerso con ekow ecards enters nemesis Gon David ibe the Weer Undergo sna pein opi eet drain Army nr Kav Boon pan 8 de TSE Pron an AHF Vaca Rob) base Sunny26 Queer necropolis fought for AIDS sence apd medial cate within pena inston aro de Unie Stats andthe word AIDS is ame as athe othe neta eer of he tol instation (Gainan 196) the praen, ae opposed oa thea the sav of thew sraing to aunive within i eons The history inie ouside AIDS atv spats tothe resanee tat connie eo tive vers the pron indi compos comnts aby eo oma he ‘Stinging fee He and enciment of sacl death, een as sractrs ef soci and sunial are reprened snd denied within sx well oie he pron, through te rcit arcitecare of what Miche Alrando ft to them Fy sold ajane Cow’ (Abxander 2010, Calabi ee AIDS ‘csi groups and amiprion cgaizations sepreent a dual se of pliteal ‘pons oe pron and meal exabishnent ss wellas area ome impkmentation of sandads of care, onthe one hand, and resitanee to he Nisaral and insitonlned ores that predace prisons (ac dab, Ietcopatiarly, class, eanophobi, hometiabia, ec) on te the. ‘These intercon are wel feleted in the evelapa betwee ral soi ‘movements of AIDS. The fn ot gay quer lack iverionit and decleial movements reconsidered raed bt separate ‘onsite an act of epitemie and archive cence thar ibn the ‘ontibutions and theron of ure of clon aii especialy pois formaions however shorted can Thiel Wel gay senor: Rijs ‘uremia parted in and war raid sparta edo se arty the period ofthe Cra igh Movinent ~ 2 ciromrplincal desi "on at James Baldvin elle misnomer (amore acceso fr im a ihe lest dave vba) Blin L280 10H) ae well a aver ‘tv and quer Uberaton In March 1965 Kuvoria, whe ching wth Manin Lhe King Teed Shueswoth and conte ier, wos aay the sluneer mounted pose of Moncgnery, AL Shei ac Sim Bue a oxo. Undening the contnsty of aotack obs vee Ui ‘soa! moment, and iste of how such wlence travel concrete ‘wate upremac nstutonal memory, the cree Mongemery, Abas it named the Mac Sim Bur Deeton Fac. Plced ner Fi sacl ice ding COINTELPRO, Kuro he ever {00 page long de asinine onthe Sect Index boc of sch ede’ Ra's am it sted in the pape Heated oon the Media PA FO fl ce by the Oncersed chzen coletve tat exposed the existence of COINTELPRO, ‘Mare 1971 VIN 1972: 1,33, 3). The 870s Gay Liberation Pont and 8D: ACT UP collectives were also motre bythe FBI (Oxborne 13 Soll, 2a, ‘ah Kuromiya and One Aldenon ated he Back Panter Revoaionaey ‘eps Conttinal Convention in Phlaglpia in 197, ay pst of tet peopl: clus eoningene. Following the Peps Convention, Onc Alderson ‘et aesed or breaking ato an Meat bse and wae nearer or Ye Aer being Pers Goan Jl ree mon, ews were oa ron Aland Conny, Ket glean 208 1 ie poe a ently Alenonand eur quer menor atepuctooersey Serato chaps. Aa rol hiss» Aono dbl hs TD Mas again nrvew ppoprisely ted wis an exp he come ‘Or ig lack and ay in Pon Thre No Hany) yn “iets te gs pnd dp ine ee rs 1 1n' meving ean ne ly Pat Ret Gyr Sree Reso sinned by Mat Heroin Sycamore AIDS as afore ingle AIDS cy coer Fed Egan cnt haw Asan og Ii relane fm pon franc ean, opted apne pig ek Vike in respon tothe King Bac reg qc” dor has ne by Gheago pace cer ine 17% Seamer SOK 8 Alsen wou oi to become cnt in both SVC tl Chisago ACT UP oases, wel aa main oer ds pepe of cour HNVAIDS cntocee cage: Hep ayn Dre 109 Hap Arr ue ie Aeros ses pail cal tina ie Whic Howes eal ‘om For gucr AIDS ahs ofl aed in ACT UP Pipi, sues “ADS, scarinton aos actos were xp ince Tee eis ean of aa perboance apn the saeatn a AIDS ands Macks, ACT UP Phadpistanbers fon Paul Mammnd, Rhea uri an David Acta inponed athens maki bad concent camp ia fon othe Unie! Se! comtbous in Serene paar wt tipo Hatin neweracd Osseo (eo ayes 0 16-1925, Vath scum oTAIDS cont, Sine Gongs mandated te ceaon of ihe US any HIV roe ‘ogame in 1905, mtey HIVAIDS roc har expend At noel ‘Shh in seuiy tudes have pained ca fee and HIV/AIDS ‘exmen proied under thes fhe US many ey rales ‘nage scl west ae peed dena it ave eee undermine nea ger rp orf 8 201; Fon 2008, Nitary HIV/AIDS crc ad weiner sha ‘one humanitarian ection nn dep ed ‘nce in HIV roearch, soma enliven see ‘i spc ea pte. APRICOM HIV/AIDS rowan sea tone bs (Wie 201276) te th mens godt aed ‘ntl security interes Skier 2011) Securitization and eriminalation have teen two major sate reponse HIVIAIDS, fom ti Joe Hesse HIV tvel ban the creat HI Haan dr Cts ‘nian nan HV pon cant Gostanamo Day, ote areas incre prt ning ih HIV/AIDS iy Mints Pons eae plan Uni 20 and Ant at nese hei ogee Sh36 Queer necropoliies ‘Caan (ACLU and Haman igh Wach 2010: 1-30, Whe the we of erate {mCuamanamo aed ether lore prion has ben gly seandaie, sles ‘ecpionalit mover night teat trate sea cara teeblogy that bs bess uraled and normalaed trode domeate prion Indeape ACLU apd Flan Rights Wate td. Tha the orc foeding hat hasbeen reported a ‘Guantanamo, in sponse tothe ongeing hunger sks Bs precedent i prions ‘rom the US as means opeeene ode’ ingram and Suton 2018 1 This ‘tering of curtiation snd rac i bo bought home by he lepicy of Gregar Sith “We will not rest in peace’: the legacy of Gregory Smith (On 18 May 199, in New Jr's Carden County Superiar Cour, Grorry Smitha Black HIV psve gay man, was sentenced to 12/25 year in pron fer stempad murder, He hd slog bien «plc fcr ~ charge wich Sih denied Pe 205 76-88) Sith who was aking AZT at ce time a is Sentencing, was deed the dg once he was incarcerated at Cannden Coun ail in pn 1489 McKnight 129), On 10 Jane Seth ealapsedin scl, jung [hs bac, When be goto the hospital ad his equss toe aye were de Ie eft to lave nd weeny one ofthe guards an adjacent room and [raten nthe pros lth tack, the gardeat sand and the ater dase [ine cu wa bit wound fied by Sok (id 1) ACT UP and other focal Phindepin groupe ogaiaed prot and forums in Smith's detece [IDS avs ining ay Greeapa of Caloris Pron Focus an ACT UP Pilcephin members Snlaling Kivesi Ruremiya, as wel asthe ACLU, rpaniedn spor ef Soh Cindy Paton rote paminatly abut Smid as ‘P02 magne, highlighting prion a6 an HIVZAIDS ine Paton 198: 1) [ACT UP Paihia podiced sft short about HIV erimialiation: "Big, Spiting and Other Murderous Ac: Grog Sith athe Crinsnazaton of IV" (ACT UP Philadephia 1999: 1-1 Sms HIV stun aggravated hi pune. Assam prosecutor Harold Kaselman dese hina wielding his HIV status sis own personal weapon ‘tise (Paton 198: par, 19, He vs coed and sentenced by Jue ‘aan tothe maximum of 28 year for aggavted asst and ated unr Sith war one year way fom is lear ees bereaved thie Sentence Sn 2011-3 A 102 sy by Harard Schoo a Pui ak showed {ha ADS elated proccuton dipropionate eked in haber sence td eifrced mora panic, AIDS phobia and mination. "Whe the pbc Ip ences lang have ad the oly way to was the HV vrs s ough ‘lod, ex or eels, jude ar perpetuating the bee hat AIDS canbe prea ‘Sly ugh ptng or bing eid Larry Got, chi author ofthe Hava ‘Soa of Bbc Health nods We Bke to think jes ae Trader of pi pinion, bin this cae thy have Boen perpetuating some fe Rare ha ae reaen in sosey" Hopkin 1992 pare 2), ‘An incarcerated AIDS acts, Sith eon canta tthe Cie a eset and advocated or AIDS eduction and eaten ie, Rehr han ‘emplry, crimialeaton, a ACT UP Pildepka actin Jose De Mateo Sas, sate for our commie (ln The Lt: 210, Aaja Seon arzvs ‘cl people have alas gered a perenil then tnatinal cui Sexo sd Lee 2005 114) Angie lence as been cetal o adeguaing tt eau fa white supreme oipotied al pce oie, Beng Unc, at oe ad ric David Marr (200 agus les tal way bing aie’ (p15). The tack body i suated nan slack word strated aie 2nd white sprees lft of what the incomparable public neta an Fredo ghte Frederic Dalaran anak lg’ nis 188 rt Sur atl Price Against Color (Dovgls, Foner and Tayer (09: 8 Beck people are especialy tagted by he materi wlece of racy which Cetieal Resistance founding member snd geography profesor Rath ison Gimore so apy and incl theorizes she satesanctoned ano xvalegal proton and eplotaion of grouped ruloraiiy prematire dee (Girne 2007.28, Uhinately a Ted Mote eer portal $d hmiacngy sates, what & inadequate to blacks esa gen ‘noo foten 2006: 187), ‘Wie incarcerated, Sith organised oop Living with HIV/AIDS (PAs, Publi a nevsleter about prison abd HIV/AIDS furs ad also stared ‘wna mem. He rmsined pi about his sexy ad i HIV pote sans despite th et of tonal and peso, pyblgiland pie ‘lence ia this ental. Gregory Sih sed any on Monday 10 None 2003 atthe Sk. Francs Medal Cer in Tres, New Jersey ACT UP. NY: 2005, He wat 40 year old “Grog dot have tod, AIDS igor and Ise tal i feedoe, an ow metal elt ha ie im’ Ae Rel, of ACT UP Philadelphia, sated flowing his onimely death (ACT UP NY 203, ACT UP hat always spoken forthe ting and the dead, Gregory Sith wat _uurdered by the sate but held active memory by ACT UP Phiadlpn ‘embers Inan acral pstirance desig abut ep Gregory Sas ‘emery alive and draw tention the continued ned for Deter ea! re for incarcerated people in New Jercys prions, in January 2004 AGT UP Philadephia members cavelled oo bose reed Siprin Court uae John Marian’ me where they held fuer! proce ad placed Wack ein an owes on his ont yard (Cambarde 2004 1 [ACT UP Philadephia members have ongnind ax a clecive ovr the past ‘ra decades, operating ouside the nonproindaial complex ta nen a | PWAvand deal to make sweeping changes toe plc! mice he hy, In aon to decrimiliing condor i Piladiphi ay hog for49 Que een ably incon ang ang ones aoc or enhanced SDS bulges and sence wel shor aerenc o tial and onane Seltieiamenon cre ACTCPreibe inden cl ts ormaiae a rere ee eachnge Extending the pe Tee tneedaienoenens ACT UT Pedi tener hve fied the cys pai of pc ea, HIVAIDS prevention and rot Yen he ern eno the Eady Deeg Agi HEV (Cnlaleaine docay marly he Cone or HIV Hea ew nd Py Sete Paste Juice Propet tes sunday can, ie vege opi td pelt agi iin of HV gin “Tor in Fenn wo fc ely care regu of sce sor Silom me Poe jnce Pej 210: or or hang oie fr IN foltve Paindeiphaaseuveny ing onthe see of earl Gy — seropatie "ACT UP Pidgin fr Gregory Sih parca toy, a a re en HIV/AIDS oe ck per ad ater peop se ‘Sih ectid and signtod Dan Alen, ck sy Mihge resent ‘to alge bi ior rings Sn 209, sal charged wih ‘Govern’ (Conner yh rd pra of rng incre peop ng with HIV AIDS in ae cons pera inn tap tnd Alana contin ayn Sout Caan (ACLU i Tan Righs Watch 2010130 The iperaive sedi 199 by ‘MGettedandlontime ADS acts Yn Sabor, who aise ling thePusonen Edvoting Prone on AIDS PERA poeta burs Coetonal Fahy (reewpan 20) ein nenobe aes nde scp tere aco ita ariplenenedy wboling eye trae “deer HIVIAIDS peer! Crs 2 pari) Are eres Si sch itoyy of opnog su the prt indus complex by insect AIDS cin Bock per and anager al eae cen tlm ofen the ven of epson ~ whee aking the tape of he LGBT re tcp wa the pls, he leva of ne moe fr coment rence the ‘then wae of goer andor am eum = ace the ral oc hat on encge oo of cle Sus andonageinvoporu olen Alto cen tna LGBT ich pel ranger cl caneling the afte net nd lc fpr ont en quran strane lesa bck in ecb interac. When inergeonal at-quera/or anton lene Tapper, hereon clo teen ine senso legion te pon bai cinema athe Mathew Shepar james Ded He ‘Gdincs Prevention Act of 410. The prson ital comple hed by toninees LWT onc jee ongnenione an br of oc pe ier mente nd alogety poncho larger El fw the Noto Sheprd ed James Bye Hts Cris Act was av mend anal Dee Autharaon Act (NDAAY dtl inceaodthe lay bud. the mene af he Syn Reera Law Pret ped ee a rl las aac oa SBD8on mete engage hich inns $130 bilo Tor engoing lay operant Try, AM. Kling peopl in rag and Agni roses a oe do onside FU, bode’ yi von Lan Peja nd) ‘As Kos aloo nce are, hens uy gap pte eke be roti yang a alae wh ple oa» ry a "lig and gun the sytem hey se pining Ping oe pone Sand of ae wi tack han eben wt hyn he fe pce 208: ra, 2h Thi type of aor apse = wth ede am sod layed vies indian peat a atm eit ua pups farms rly abot ate sees oer dt leaded startet abandovment calendars nd gender nnonforming pope f col ace. For nse ease ee inseam feral nd he ioctl be secon tonal eds iting sabe mploymen bed sing soe Sup ecatmey prea tore ur connie, poor, lc, gee and ran women in pra = ce nal net and oa aban, Gum hometcane ofpdecanen sa tninatzaton So many ere been ng yb ee lates, uted ur ple trtazation, een eto pe ane ie poles arate casa or ie by ote el exe ra ot Secon, Inarerated trams peop fee onal lon and ions eloure fHIV/AIDS nary eure pened vlaing tc pn efor hnase gender relma re je peal a od ‘stay confinement Grane af 01: 130-199) The prion eda snd teppei - alae a ting gd non-canonical ace conto he, ines nd cer far of expres, fate shown by Gad ‘kes inhi cet ale ‘Cartng Race and Gender rs Rept Sic Hcachy Through Drew Astle 012, Inter taee nome fcr ar fen pects red gods nd er narrated pple 4a Reonhaniy ial ens spat the ne noc mn seal oe ‘ithe pin system th eaten wnen ela ve Une Shs cass sean flrs selene opened steeple ot alate lace she was pana sanloned ee She pon wheres wa being hl which deg ie wesnens ey Ww one desist asthe mens prion Rat 2017) Shr woe aed Yoni egos fender response’ pony the crea plc nary & roving acomed and ter, a pate tll maul faton, Uexning ecg al four sual sed gender deny Honey eon ‘evans ich promi eral on nthe ened een hed ingucrand am sve pon cages back anda singe ea2 Queer necropliee Es lence agin block was worn conn: Dusnna Jason in Memphis (@rown 2008: 15) and Nia Movs were fund with atl bead injris ater eervnga ‘courtesy em lal Phen plc Taekayt 200 15, The ‘pol reguation of areal sate (oppo to sl) gener detrnation Salo exemple by the sentencing of CeCe MDonal fa pyc eening and protein henel again ich, ror and want atch! The sates ‘amps ermine’ MeDonal's gener conse Soon 2012 pra 6, Yet, {nthe fice thi, queer and/or rans erates marche sel actions om Pais ‘o Manhatan have popularized message of ending lowe ae supp fce Cece The pola projet of gender sel-drermination at an abolion a de acing gender) bodies ads has von reveonary was pica hizon ound by Sia Rivera, Marsh F.Johnnon and ahr met he 1970s calectve Sues Transestal Artin Revhitonaie STAR) In 1971, Manha P Johnson spate of STAR’ pais of qacer and was decreas, ‘weit ee ou gy raters and ster ou al anon ses aga (ay 1992-115, STAR pce ex worker igi, gene sdserminnon rans heration, housing jase and asap tthe ery coe of toga, Simi to the Panthers, ty came tstber to cet neil eatal paces ‘pint organized abandonmenr, pong hosing ed hing for each er ndprotcing eachother, Rate th een rom the vey nan ad ntnquer word or engaging oly in polemics and mane wing they ao ‘ctvely worked 1p vali STAR vs protosctenestonal and specs ened sex Werke, homes youl ad incarcerated quer and tras people Partly people of clout 'STAR, iso many aie! an and qt onguizatons of ta sine pero ss abeliont inthe seme that td not look to pron arn pole fe slons 'o socal economic nd pllcal injure. Rather, gg for rer se lcrmiation at again ping ~ of od, geer and wn — aed cere lannery or curenly incarcerated pope, por people, sex workers and qucer ‘mele youth ini plial organizing work. We were ging fo ou Sylin Rivera to Lose Feinberg in am interew about the Stonewall ct (Feinberg 1998-87 Idee, gender seltdeweminnon and HIN deriniaaton ‘remain crea par fe coining tg fr rare qer ein the ce feareral cence and ping. “There a presing ted for queer and/or mans alos scio-polite formations to fice the lly of ant Blck,an-quer aor anans inerperoal violence: nthe place to repupoe x lee coin by Re Nie 201) he ow ven ota repre eithinnealiberl on pois, nding ‘AIDS sence rgaisaton, tnt valor muliaturalst ret rhetosof ‘vers’ and expere credentials whi intaning ripe hears thin which por trans peopl a clor msi compre the lowe er, with ie oom for upward mobili, we need to expand forms of horizontal gorerance std ‘ects ned onan in the ptf peguatve plc and cline rao, Wy doo many nenpafeructucs even thn wih ae play Prosreive ~ eemblevercal/np down haces of orem power? Hot Conwe create re HIV/AIDS revues inanopyeie nd desea ae? Yer th plies frac pli and rescue are prevalent in the sce serce ecto that doin AIDS ace inte United Sten Soc cones Dromis to overcome AIDS fr Back communes tru an inden ‘allege hace ane eporiiy arate unten ence Thistle ytematc nay aes srctvingchoke and oobi inlding ble and gay sun. Centers for Dues Comte! inten at target back rer and/o trans peopl an uranyl es Sought sch rere ri ht eel how vend neal ‘subjects od nembers of "ih i poputins the hie beng Mack que joaloe was pele ad youth — ave come wae he pie avian ax werk and drug we expec. "he primary pps th ole tod sr war dl reg ar nam Swatons, ad ladrte pie outcomes of akng pe toward prleang nce? (CDC Divine of HIV/AIDS Provetion 2007, The peli ar pit saturate AIDS rik rhetoric in ex negate, objecting ma bjetng ‘ay: Both the MSM cn ling ick with men dour ae the drat "egne oi categorization alas aleady mar lc pope oath nant te, tans women) a ulcrae’ ' iec We venga ‘tough anacr ecta of alse in hisene he dese ane "© WEL. Du Bos quation, which he argued prensa content ck Dope: "How dese bes problen?” ‘Astonga we bave rons we wl eer have ‘ners hehe Pron {xacett pblic eal ene by iceasing Hepatis Cand HIV om tee don the ose Following Tes’ omy iarerted peopl ee apo orton rate of helm ~ ome othe ky sol ares of HIV AIDS Adjebesnes What therein eae within the cone of aeaera ‘yc designed ofr deth, de, dsuton ad depict congenic ralng and cae frre who are mrecretd in yeh dose, Stet dehumanizing and decaying cpaes ody and sal of eearee ‘CacceralTalhear’ sands Sn wtark contest the legacy orale acthin anging onthe detox acc cine hatte Voung Lords ot Back Pahers bites Liclh Memoria Hep nthe Brn (Peon "iky 2012375) othe ly an le el capa o the Bach antes {Neon 2011), ror Rath Wikon Glmre fen spexk flowing And Gore norris efor Lining or voxel changer rk dott sacl cfr carer viene and pron exon. ADS sr tng {arhannredction serves and anion activ ying for deca ad ‘ey servis that put more rou into edveaon tan ineacraen ae ‘orig o crete a saiopolial anda in wich the pon a the ‘dmc an given ane to complx sta pelems,44 Queer necropolis ‘Wemigh extend our notion of boon as HIV prevention ad eaten not ony fr hse nthe nonin fe world hone oo’ anny reader Ephemeral by stop and is, walking while tas’ and oer every conitons ‘eriminalizaon and proiing bt aborts who are eae ibeaeeratd Solty confinement, alg with being form of peti trae, drops [AIDS ted routines (GMHE 2012 138) Incaerated trans people ae fen ‘nomial placed in fo foliar or hi poten whieh means nore “alacrabity violence from pron all For HIV pote people ld wade the Prices of mas detenion and mas deportation, metcatonsae on ie, Cesabning hel and ‘cre’ Ath Human Rights Watch eer in 20 report le Ins, when detsied HIporne people Bono! realy ‘eecve mediation increases the posit fr dug resstance Human Right Watch 2007+ Condors are harong for deine HIN-posive and ute and/or trans people ~ who ae exec ageed. We shuld nate how nea ‘nated pple ice higher tes of dbl heals canine more genta Te ton indi eomples is indeed designed to beng abot death a ening lie, Pon impose able volene ad gineal rum, Scat atacks oocad 30 Ang 207 Notes “Tape ste hg cll hat wd ga iota uniquely Amen bugle EaP ge fn the ach ny Ca 1-10 Taa hy Vln ‘Sepa etl Bones (151-19 ay of 2. the lp oa bra Soret Wn Neon (13-122 rma Perch ny i he Fre ema an te pd hogar te Cnet an Un eee erica any sein evn made ul wg rer t= Ci TED sane navn explo dese, ana ner aie buh. These es Peose dcce aemo oy e m gauiea ae be eg ela eng wel Rana An ited 6 pe en | ‘oettcmnin inf 8 como ete etna Sie Shr ge cole san ae Unter of Wyonieg aranis id 2° eer i oe ino hed lH deh ener ace ‘Sat pt ww ced eee by med woe The se ere hens he ae ern meneviaed ely ough eae itn Pie Spry beam in am UGH ‘tna the eel ef ars Ass Dat Tel has wa sara changed ie seo io ge Cc Fel pub Wecc Bpic Chrncin fares Ei amd nse sary nea wenpced an ofa rae Sens te ar el Sr). Seg fan Sa Po tg 6 Tietaeuncomed aed sparc is eigened importance ina maser ey, ‘fica fly oned epee Cll Sur enters oa bane sis nd peo Sedat bcp US ra ertenmon Free ats ee legion note pil speck acest te Gl Sta Pear cede gh ar Pur Resa 1030035) ane Dpwrimet of Bete er pres tv eerhdeenee seh etar Se ts es re ag Seoetiratae memteroeem omar “Joe Bonterra cane emai eee tearec af eke soe mcd mi treba iru aes Peden Gage fa Sn The Dower sn war ed er $e Oh ini Say ae Ga Het tte be net aiming we es rer idee ning ach tet he US tag gh b ons (ificy ae Us cen an bl ete mri aay At Se J res! 10 Gee ne caegory hat lg ori, Whe the ila epson ‘Stn shat toh wl oe cn gun eon ny hoo re ay Foote cor as wisn ah edn pti (yparlniey ae he minry eorele)_71 11 The wi oie Depa fe eae svon ec naempoe «Sc pr ae eg td re {dcpnn oh hr rate den hr etn ga he echo iste heros are me nd alban ewe, To ena of ee eres Epon odaeme,Dejrenent of Dee, Hac One oe dee nL nes cone on) Apel 20 1 Bale i acter toe rad psn fe wis tetinilataher ype patna Sone grt Uhr a aoe ke Po on Sat. how meme senate uc ay Tay acetal patina beeen pe TE ete ian meen oe te amet They re ey et om cone i ld CSL TES atates gMRS etn Sie ‘pease Rh er gee ot sepvingia nay tans toe nha rt ey SRS Spe npn ses eo a re 1s Sg cca tts gn i ese Blige otters etl eigen he 14 Reel let en pen iy pee Ku {ideas fea Demeter Sched taihecineapsie ts NO et ew ace ote y SaeepenieeChapter 3 : On the queer necropolitics of transnational adoption in Guatemala Silvia Posocco Introduction In popular dou a in academic anlysy ‘ransnationa adoption’ sof Figured in ference oes of ew farms of readiness honng and soca, ‘Mie simultaneously conjuring up the apeete of legitimate appropratin, Troerpulos comer adder comcieaon of underpieged bodes, [ind persons moran su transnational eeu trough uneven, wea and reciprocal rons of exchange Ae Brigg args, may inal appear Cumin to study de har pole’ of aelibel lobaleation~ and ost enfetadjuseat~ fragt ibe? ete fy reproduction an by ‘lye extensor and sburction, gender apd sexuaty (Bigs 2008, 2010: 48. “Transatonaledpion’ ea ecage feted eaharal orm poland legaltechndogesf governing socal relitions and sbjocivis, dey connec (preceme f econ poi ad ll rsrictrng! that have len place peal ince the deters the Us hough pote stoied with tbe oshingion Consent? Ths, eatentonal adopt, as » pean fern ot {nate Sour trough which the act of esting cilren on then’ Beal Cntnoaied, marketed and crus, ade the bjt equine ae non ‘ecindableretins of ova and exchange leapt poigoan pit ‘rent or an inquiry how tanatnalprocenes and dynamics asad SS neotveralan play out im contactor sl complex wes Bigs 2005, Zolo, 201, Barre acd Briggs 2008; Pace 201) al connect e/a probe. "Nels, 2 pallial analy wid agate and malleable modes ofgoverning subjects und populations, er expel connecs othe exponent (Gwinn wansnatonal aeoponsgtoly andthe rave locaton of opts ‘Zom the Global South to the Clatal Noh, Povinlreframes he ela ‘ual a tke thse procera hte Hbetlon ring ha thi can be hdcrood in specie relation tothe set of dif iotuced in ibe [Evernmentaliy nthe afer of maple eupons of disen nding thse [Ftbe ani cloial movements and ew aca overeat in the 20h eeaay, ‘Sethe pew lame moverents othe early 21s ceotury (Psi 2007, 201 2) I these es, bh ealerain aeate Herai een not 0 mach aemporlty epochal shift but rather, hey stand fr neen tans of oat ‘neve (ovine 2011 26) austen resin to mind modes goer lance std ‘nicopnss af power [Faucale 1977, 200), The ana of let Tieralin efor these dais in relation 1 a noon of anagonisn, but ‘cael sei any casing or sending of rg and dileence, gent, in he goremmenaliy of leer “recogni neither benign nor ‘tanpatenty affrate, ut, eather, normative od dplinay. Questions of sti, within this Horio, are lay pores, that bots paadosical and in tte being as lo tora theyre to a ene eae ri ik ‘ipropraon and coming ever decpening vl ad nsec, Late Aerts temporaiies of janice are akeaya/skready fundamental over dccrmined, a they eftene the space of aierene and ineammensrabity ‘tween the sol sated aw ad he lay defred and yet a come eal cf his Dera 1997, 2001} “Tranatonaladopsion hu frerounds queso and problems concerning ‘he proximity and complex ierselatedes af socal tealies of depen, ‘desertion and exclusion one hd and ale extacton, acum 268 eg om the ther It mart a ray tht are prep and embeded, hoe ‘Sen oclaed poi fara of ate eral of goveroance hae rode fsilingapuneven drone apd death Win this trai, [cw and ecaliy eae to reer excel, onde priary othe domain cf identi. Rater, they compelingy designate = ness of aration, ofan ‘per ithe Foclan mea thecoming gta ficou ni ‘ata forms regs ame legal and admins paces awl as des ‘eon aes and dere Furher, av aiponif, Bey presste qucstans regurding how modes of restednes grounded im rah pracices of prepiaon and acquisition ~ dt fom af soiaiy whee a specie pe ‘eomergence occurs between mode of propery and valu, and model of {be penn may have sedimented in ela ors ad soci reli he pstolonial presen. The confuence of ace” and ‘eval at domaine of equation, and proces of production of wajectes and Mtv wate, on nc Hand pl he expan on the gneloiealelaracar fe dys oF ‘ment, op teeter, relfame the eanteporany =the bere and now ~ ‘wear ra in when bode jor si tar elo ae td ting ito ew stoi fconqont ad domination, Tia conn of temporal heerogeneiy’ of daly statis ‘in and out of moder” Gara (Cael 1955: 4), and combination of several temporal (Mbenbe 20: 15)that ing gether an nteocing’ of draton and emergence Tse, “eastatoral adoption designates ange of "mater anon or soil wed hic reat once incommensurate nd connected, both rounded and ete ‘aking save thecal snd seal acorn on ppehend hen’ onl 20072, A number ofmporantansycal mores ae awake er, net lest one ‘at rege rinquihing tacent to the seeigh cede sas ofienitarian designations ~ indading those bra out of unt srugees ‘eeogniion ~ apd the evienation of atenton towards the pl atonaliics ‘od genealogical dyzamics in playin proceace of nico of salty, ‘aiedness and belonging a wl ar cspomby, confinement ad death, Tis {teal penpeeste al erewesncomensuably an deferment ia tlio © te deans of eis and justi, sar sit ele othe aa of stroking ceperiences of sacility and diplacement,rekuedacs and integration, ‘Baton and exemption ie al dent To this chapter, Tam concerned with an analy of anata adoption in Jae bean, aed more special, wih thearatn of he elaons ewe ‘tanmational aden and realign fac’ ad exalt ax domain of regulation dep mpicnted in the wanmnatonlredtbution of ie and dest, This main is nk vo questions that have most een been propelled the enue of weal theary and eral analysand thems tpi aod necropolis hinting (Again 100, Epos 2008, Foucaul 197, 200; ‘Mberbe 2001, 203), but dat ie arn cypneet to a varie of geneabgs of ‘cique The fur of hs seer (Agate 988 fr example athe one ho ‘anbe led bunt neced o murdered, and wh ling terete ds no omitite a vilaton ofthe nw an othe aw of Gs but ihe, expe the reason becveenovecgnyand exception sgn ches he ay ‘lve ofredby Oran Patenon then et Slay od Seca Deal (i982-Thiscan seme ran example of ponan,faines sved or rota Amecedent afsone canterporary work on bnpliis and neerople® Sacha ‘rita apprcach to waneatonal adopon quits thes ofthe mij ihe inlate berlin the frm ost of festns regarding ight ues thatarecenal tthe srcltion a rarnational adoptions pci, bu at tselaively, adoptive patents Here I inka lesa sd gay comsinencs ‘ply making a chim to cddement to ansnatonal ade parenthood Tao clr to those gy and lesb ubjeets more ply urtering f= Inding projects with tac, rather ham ple, reference to esbin aed 9 ‘ens? The tempera othe sacl elu oes ning sre sricured sound apd onened towards heeonormatve wd homenormate are da are imagned in elton othe promi of new fe sen, ientty and belonging and simltaneuny. preted ot the eelaon eb sraalogil temporal ames, An atl often aon ct ae lier thos refuses tenon on a ange of ures howe righting ‘pacts and entidement have isorcaly appeared le clay, fr example ‘dope, bith mothe, bit fies andthe deemed adoptable Lele these questions fom the vantage pot of Cantemal 2 ones tht I hehe through a ansnadonal anal, While wanna ming test problematzesasunptansvegarding the sumed seeidence of bounded, razed, organic and/or integrated roa whaler sich at “hao” aod ‘erm arini ofan? I pope an nhs onal dering scales of nays ha sea the rocky ore nd poles mance in he soil ergaizaon of vat apd he maragement and govermance of ie and det ina broader coment arte by edo, poset eae imperil hires ‘f wilence and plunder, at times cunningly and ex) ‘nornialyreconigured as hurtin, EI Conflicto Armodo, the inception of legal ‘exceptionalism and late liberalism’s privatized inning The circulation af childen ia Guatemala fs lang history, but sigicamt ‘easton adoption Ao rr Gosterala to Neth Ameria and Erp were ‘sash and confided ffm te mid-20dh ery onward, The coun ‘vise raed among vt four counts sending transnational adopters {steraconal for over 25 years an 1975 to 240 splay, ws aed 1 te Lain American cour wk the lage aumber of ade moving ‘asain (Selman 2002, Tansnsionl aénpson of dren fom Gate mala quadrupled in the period betwen 2012 and 2005, acing Guatemala immedately before China in the aguas of sending coun, wih 3.785, thilden adap by United Sates ete in 2003.1 the sane year, Cina ~ a euntry wot population scramatal greater tan Guat (4 millon teat 7,906 adepees tothe USA (Sean 200: 875-57), Demograper Peter Sri 200 notes hat betwen 208 and 207, anual adn fom Guatemala sey ineresed For 2.57 in 2003 0544 200 and canted in 4348 wansraional adoptions i 2007. Ln 00, the, “Gunma ba the highs aio [adopsons pr 100 lve bt] of ll ening coun, with one ‘nt of very 100 re bi ing to sn even adn, evel eed nly Dy Korea in he 1990, mania in TOW0-1 and Bulgar a 2002-3" Selman 20s: 56). The paimtaing work emngrapic retin acral, wy ‘plague practi, pe techy Paes ot mere the alaoric ow ~ aay cening to fal sort en aiming wo comey the _magainaeof he cei moving pte fon Guta min inthe ie of Nonh Ameria stl Barope bt sso range ef admins technolo laws ia permatve practi of “acount or in the double vee ol ‘rumevangat mn, he aration heement adap Beye ‘examination af he practe of aint tcl, the tations the atte gered by demogrphern ap vere deed ono Gane. ‘eonaip to Western inprial power over ine, with ean tasnational ‘Moons onciding wih the ines of most eos pole reprint ‘ns apd untied neonate and 2008 'A perspective ls asowly fecused on accountng pacts sages that a CGaxemaln the welty of the taantonal dope ge hey atte othe “pm dat int once igure of conn a clara repeal Drogrenely Ben famed as am caves of He erated unde the mak of (roca tense diring the Guatemalan conic at engl te cuniy aver1% ou {38 yeas bewcen 1900 apd 1996 bee, fr example, ODHAG 2006 129-134 2000 nhs comes, tas ben widely nord tha he aman acepte’ vali has been comity underscore by ened curl annie aod Ick appropration thet detion nl proiring wry lay exemple by ‘any aecouns~ very refed tc vntaoated, bt eerie ‘altura sigan ~ o diappearing cidren sd tobe destined for onan haveing apd human walking (Aor 1997; Biggs 2005; Dinky 2010, Met 20 Posaco 2011). These vient naining excep lene cath and dppearance cugkt to be connected tothe Guemalan conic. At the Commission for Hoxora Cacao noted (CEN Conclons, Fst Pagrph the 36 years of pail valence omen by a cea of ee Imperiale Unite Sates goverment in the ts of Cad War expansions, lel ver 20,000 dead, many of whom were vce of arbtryexcatons and fered diappeaance, the great msjy May andthe vest Ladino, tao the ‘erm wed Guatemala fr thw Belonging to the damian clare Gee Hae "06, The Commision alo segue has 1 necropaties ‘The stracture and nature of econottic, cultural and social relations in (Guaeanala are marked by profound exclao, antagonism and Confit — refecon o's clonal hitey. "The prolamatin of ndependenc in 1821, tmeventprompredby the coun’ elite, the erestion ofan sora Sate which excaded the majo he population wow ai ini peep and practices and seve to protec the canons he peed Iminoriy. The evidence fr thi, thoughout Gate's hstery, But paiclry so during the seme confonaon, les inthe fc at the nen as findamenally dete by the State agai the xc, the oor and above all the Mayen pole swell at aint thowe who ouch Fee juie and geste soil ey (CEI 1980: Conclusions, hid Paragraph) Against te backop of Ue Gantenalan coe, screaingy Ire ubers sf adptes moved wanstatonaly trogh 3 pec orn of teamed leglexeeptonalon Spel Rm 1977 9 207, apd coneponding wit the year that regsered te rete numberof adopts ling the cot tough ransatonal adoption cre ar well the ashe pola spree, 2 teeming abate but very invent pice of legato, the Law Regulating the Voluntay Jarsvon of Nai’ Operations, or Ly lean Nol Anns darian Vera (Der 547) eed hat the proce of _depion elated bythe Guatemalan Cl Code cad be aati ty ple ary (tos fui bypassing the el syste adn pce aig te Jmerventon of judge (Are 20, Secring ee sppoval oh oil esooule such mates inthe Prcaradara Gena de Nactn the department of the Guatemalan State oversceing al tcl and procera jin ate = onl be deemed sliient (Are 32, and eis eu be ron aco Sought of pbc eiaton (ve ila) nderahn by a mary (ste sow ft hn concring th V ohare Note Operations stunted to a stray very sgn lea edo a reat, deepulaon ad deudisuaton the aopcn pose war {remain in plc fr 30 yea The trates ofthe handing othe pone of transatonal adoption om the courts to the offer af ean, fod senso ent ater popestve doe pen ar adopt aay tal ines and pps enabled tnd adopts al ese ale, aking te gat mojortyoftarntona dopant en AV 2007; Poscen 211. Thisexrajuicla qualty of he proce eine hae itcsohein versie ways contemporary hoster oe sce? (Sgarien 200 nthe patil and jul srctre marked ye Cantal ‘enc andi ion aterm this rangement aoe nto «perme ad ‘inane plheonen of ranaaoon adepion beyond and Ste ‘roceses Puget, Mcnbe 208: 3-4 connec tne anlsd theo ‘Sceptn er Crmaton sn tepepapies of ei, whch tlw ba Aiscinion ‘of colons, concentration camp and plantation a2, pece ‘crop maton eh neropb och tease conensony forms of ubjugation of Mt the power of en (bene, ia} “The spatial jamie and opogpic ese nt mange of viy in warsaona ton creat cay dare are anento As copes elated lea enoboes an fr exept, wee ose say ‘vara explaining te conjuncture beweenapeeielypuraed ccs ‘corms on the pr of 2 saccein of late conterinurent ae poe Peace ‘Accords Guatemalan severe ove han nd he epoca geri tumbrrs of adopter moved though squnelyprivatiaed erangemeot on ‘Guaemala to North Amerie and aoe in th earning opty a inthe ‘meine afcmath a the Peace Accords ged in 199 by the Gustemals ernment and Marsan gucriis, onthe oer. The exponent growth Bopns earn in pos-Peace Accords tne in pind of parca, ‘otberaladutment that ec wi an sgareiey pred prank the amily and helen ou of pe ccs ova ecg costes From the pespcie ofthe Une Sse for example, iggy 2010, 2012 bas vinci aban tht the exponential powth Herma adaptone an be decay te ono hey fos Feral pac show “les Sandee’ and ‘rack abi’. the oping of = aca miornd en rsh proreivel med an dng dapenoms moray undoes increasingly deemed to be fundanealyuneiable domestic notion, Sond the increased uration and print of midlecns any tnd domes, proces that have been widely noe tbe dilerenaly Siieane depending oct sw a he acy mined tas oe ‘ect aed poplars ia quston fe, or expe, Hil Calin 1980 16, ‘he imemsation of wansainal adopt Rows alo cone tthe sian nd propesive ovation otter and hmoncrmate70 Queer necropolis ints din sete Gems cy pacts king ad acd ‘sno oes Nore re an are pared eng ‘hans ose schon and sat eBoy pa by ‘Sample than spay coc, n at Paar 20 a ed pce ‘tlncaporaton lose aban eee eae means Pet She perpen ofa ala nd era sng aera Ne ark Hodge) acca hw inf ref Tey consenry afar defeat dope! wee tee aang the nse meer ofc were ce Ro Bip O10 and essge 2011) = whose pected de ei deta tae ‘atl aepion neon Guatala-smne eee od ‘She pe pres je a a nen ety the eon a ate pron ft ene it, accring Bog or, istbveal he nner ch weit dasesebandon peso, Ihe sided ral cue so ple ee" they he pardoned etlrnin pve io aera prvi ae sie Sp ‘ih he ih aie Dig 20 39 Fo Hoge BO) we ta, eration of cl wre ay Mi ad tod pane and separ tpn cn cheno ned fear praising hy ad oan sp fdadops eve legac ca al ender esa age, ZBI I The paces of Lng se mare! by Wolpe tempore ‘anni lino, sees md under aed ee bee ee tempo anl exept ph nih eres eel Fr rjreat a a enone prc ef ine Hero fs Fonecs (208) ha note coproduton?arted at he poet imenecion betwen law wchacigy and tonya her words eng fied, matrived and ed ough hgh Come snd kta ‘tons dat are pode trough sured pied soa ‘eehnelogy and the market. 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