Exame de Proficiência em Língua

Speaking Test

Text 1 回天

Kaiten, 回天, (meaning "the heaven shaker") were manned torpedoes and suicide craft, used by
the Imperial Japanese Navy in the final stages of World War II. In recognition of the unfavorable progress
of the war, toward the end of 1943 the Japanese high command considered suggestions for various suicide
craft. Various suicide mission vehicles were developed in the Japanese Special Attack Units. For the Navy,
this meant ‘Kamikaze planes’, ‘Shinyo suicide boats’, ‘Kaiten submarines’, and ‘Fukuryu suicide divers’
or human mines. The Kamikazes were somewhat successful, and the second most successful were the
Kaitens.

Research on the first Kaiten began in February 1944. By 1 August, an order for 100 units had been
placed. The first Kaiten was nothing much more than a torpedo engine compartment attached to a cylinder
that would become the pilot's compartment with trimming ballast in place of the warhead and
other electronics and hydraulics. The torpedo's pneumatic gyroscope was replaced by an electric model and
controls were linked up to give the pilot full control of the weapon. The original designers and testers of
this new weapon were Lieutenant Hiroshi Kuroki and Lieutenant Sekio Nishina. They were both died at
the controls of Kaitens, Lieutenant Kuroki in a very early training prototype.
In total six models of Kaiten were designed. Early designs allowed the pilot to escape after the final
acceleration toward the target. There is no record of any pilot attempting to escape or intending to do so,
and this provision was dropped from later Kaitens, so that, once inside, the pilot could not unlock the
hatches. The Kaiten was fitted with a self-destruct control, intended for use if an attack failed or the impact
fuse failed.
The island of Otsushima in the Inland Sea was used as a training site. It had a large shallow bay for
test running and firing. The Kaiten Memorial Museum is now situated there.
Kaiten pilots were all men aged between 17 and 28. Initial training consisted of sailing fast surface
boats by periscope and instrument readings alone. Kaiten training started with basic circular runs to and
from a fixed landmark at a reduced speed; and then advanced to faster and more hazardous runs around
rocks and through channels in deeper waters. When the instructors were confident of the pilot's abilities, he
would be advanced to training in open waters against target ships. The final phase of training would be a
submarine launch and more open water attack runs on target ships.
Training was dangerous, and 15 men died in accidents, the most common being from collision with
the target vessel. In action, the Kaiten was always operated by one man, but the larger training models could
carry two or even four. Kaiten pilots who were leaving for their final missions would leave testaments and
messages behind for their loved ones.
Kaitens were designed to be launched from the deck of a submarine or surface ship, or from coastal
installations as a coastal defence weapon. The cruiser Kitakami was equipped to launch Kaitens and took
part in sea launch trials of Type 1s. In addition several destroyers of the Matsu class were also adapted to
launch the weapon.
In practice, only the Type 1 craft, using the submarine delivery
method, were ever used in combat. Specially equipped submarines
carried two to six Kaiten, depending on their class. The Kaitens were
lashed to the host vessel on wooden blocks with a narrow access tube
connecting the submarine to the lower hatch of the Kaiten. This allowed
the Kaiten crew to enter from the host submarine while submerged.
Kaitens had a very limited diving depth, which in turn limited the
diving depth of the host submarine. Once the target was acquired and the host submarine was within range
the pilot was briefed, the Kaiten's starting air bottles were charged and the cockpit was ventilated. The pilot
then entered the vessel, the gyroscope was programmed with the correct bearing and depth and the pilot
was given his final briefing.
The Kaiten separated from the host submarine and headed at speed in the direction fed into the
gyroscope. Once within final attack range the Kaiten would surface and the pilot would check his range
and bearing via periscope and make any adjustments necessary. He would then submerge to a suitable
depth, arm the warhead and proceed on his final attack run. If he missed he could make adjustments and
try again. If the mission failed he would detonate his vessel as a last resort.
When compared with the regular torpedo which was surface-vessel-launched, Kaitens had the
obvious advantages of having a pilot to guide the weapon, and of being launched from a submerged
submarine. Despite these advantages, however, they were not nearly as effective on a one-for-one basis as
the highly successful Type 93 torpedo on which they were based..
American losses credited to Kaiten attacks came to a total of 187 officers and men. The losses of
Kaiten crews and support staff were much higher. In total 106 Kaiten pilots lost their lives (including 15
killed in training accidents). In addition to the pilots, 846 men died when eight Japanese submarines
carrying Kaiten were sunk, and 156 maintenance and support personnel were also killed. This contrasts
markedly with the success of the Kamikaze pilots.
 Jovita Feitosa

Antonia Alves ("Jovita") Feitosa (March 8, 1848 in Tauá, CE Brazil –

October 9, 1867 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) was a military heroine and a symbol for
the war against sexism.
Feitosa was born in Tauá. Her parents were Maximiano Bispo de Oliveira
and Maria Alves Feitosa. She was described as being of medium height and
having Indian features. After the death of her mother from cholera, Feitosa moved to Jaicós with her father
to live with relatives. Here, she studied music. After a disagreement with an uncle, she set aside her music
aspirations and moved to Teresina, where, at age 17, she enlisted in the military campaign of the Paraguayan
War. By that time only men were allowed to join the Army as combatants. In her first attempt at enlistment,
she dressed as a man, cut her hair in a military style, wrapped her breasts, and wore a leather hat, attempting
to look provincial. Though she managed to enlist, her feminine traits and holes in her ears gave her away
and she was exposed by a woman in the marketplace.
Upon being taken to the police for questioning, she sobbed uncontrollably and expressed a desire to
fight in the trenches. Though an offer was made to her to become an auxiliary nurse, she declined, stating
she wanted to avenge the "humiliation passed by his countrymen at the hands of heartless Paraguayans."
After her case was brought to the attention of Franklin Dória, Baron of Loreto, then president (the equivalent
to the current post of governor) of the Province of Piauí, she was allowed to join the National Army as a
second sergeant. She received uniforms and headed to Parnaíba with the other volunteers. She set out from
Teresina on a steamship which eventually carried 1302 Piauíenses who comprised the 2nd Grouping of
Volunteers, under the command of Major John Fernandes de Moraes. After arriving in Recife and São Luís,
she was honored for her bravery, and dined with the presidents of the provinces.
The ship arrived in Rio de Janeiro on September 9, 1865. There, Feitosa became a notable
personality. Everyone wanted to meet the woman from Piauí who wanted to go to war. In November, the
Minister of War, Visconde de Cairú, issued a letter denying permission for Feitosa to join the battlefront.
Towards the end of the year, she became romantically involved with William Noot, an English engineer,
and went to live with him at Russel Beach. He abandoned her without explanation. There are alternate
versions surrounding her death. One theory is that she committed suicide with a dagger in the heart in 1867,
at the age of 19. Another states that she died in the Battle of Acosta Ñu in Eusebio Ayala, Paraguay, in1869.
A few historians compare her to Joan of Arc, the 15th century French heroine and martyr who fought
that during the Hundred Years' War. Joan of Arc (France, 6 January 1412- 30 May 1431) said she received
spiritual visions instructing her to support Charles VII and recover France from English domination. King
Charles VII allowed Joan to fight in the war. She gained prominence and boosted French morale and paved
the way for the final French victory. On 23 May 1430, she was captured by the English. She was was burned
at the stake on 30 May 1431, dying at about nineteen years of age. However, in 1456, Pope Callixtus
III examined the trial, debunked the charges against her, pronounced her innocent, and declared her
a martyr. She became a national symbol of France by the decision of Napoleon Bonaparte. In 1909 she
was beatified and canonized. Today Joan of Arc has remained a popular figure in literature, painting,
sculpture, and other cultural works.
 SPEAKING SECTION

01- You will now be asked to give your opinion about a familiar topic. Give yourself 15 seconds to prepare
your response. Then speak for 45 seconds.

State whether you agree or disagree with the following statement. Then explain your reasons, using specific
details in your explanation.

“Learning through online courses is more effective than learning in the traditional classroom setting.”

Preparation Time: 60 seconds Response Time: 45 seconds

02- You will now read a short passage and listen to a talk on the same topic. You will then be asked a
question about them. After you hear the question, give yourself 30 seconds to prepare your response.

Then speak for 60 seconds.

Reading Time: 50 seconds

Music Coming to Cafeterias

Mary Dixon, Director of the Student Life Committee, announced yesterday that beginning next
semester, university cafeterias will broadcast classical music during mealtimes. “Music will foster a more
relaxed atmosphere,” said Dixon. “Students’ lives are hectic, and mealtimes provide important
opportunities to take a break and catch up with friends before moving on to the next class or assignment.”
Added Dixon, “We’re also hoping that, if we provide the music, students will unplug their personal music
devices-their Walkmans™ and MP3 players or whatever-and will spend more time talking to each other.
When students have their headphones on, they’re not connecting with each other.”

LISTEN TO TRACK 9

The man expresses his opinion of the university’s plan. State his opinion and explain the reasons he gives
for holding that opinion.

Preparation Time: 60 seconds Response Time: 60 seconds

03- You will now listen to part of a lecture. You will then be asked a question about it. After you hear the
question, give yourself 20 seconds to prepare your response. Then record yourself speaking for 60 seconds.

LISTEN TO TRACK 10 0:05 – 2:14

Using points and examples from the lecture, explain the two major factors of product quality and
how their role in consumer decision making has changed.
Preparation Time: 60 seconds Response Time: 60 seconds