2. ARDS* 3. Physiological response to trauma and hypovolemia 4. Describe how the body achieves haemostasis* 5. Physiology of bile 6. Factors affecting BP control* 7. Physiological changes of the body in response to major surgery and steps taken to minimize adverse changes* 8. Discuss gallstone formation 9. Haemostasis and disturbances that occur with massive transfusion* 10. Interpretation of the usual blood gas determinations 11. Discuss the digestion of fat* 12. Describe the functions of the spleen 13. Phaeochromocytoma, biochemical investigation and pre-op preparation* 14. Acute renal failure and management of same 15. Describe protein digestion, absorption and utilization by the body 16. Discuss the physio-anatomical principles determining faecal continence 17. Calcium homeostasis and management of a patient following total parathyroidectomy* 18. Indications for oxygen therapy, methods of oxygen administration and assessment of efficacy of therapy 19. physiological basis accounting for diabetes insipidus following head injury, investigation and management of the same 20. Functions of the skin 21. Regulation of gastric empyting and how you would correct it when it is disturbed 22. Causes and management of abnormal bleeding as seen in your surgical practice* 23. Effect of hypoventilation on acid-base balance and how the body maintain homeostasis 24. Factors governing cardiac output 25. Physiology of the lower oesophageal sphincter 26. Pre-op assessment of chronic emphysema secondary to smoking, pulmonary fibrotic disease and thoracic scoliosis (pulmonary function test) 27. Factors that interfere with normal digestion and absorption of food 28. Control of body temperature and application of temp control and variation 29. Physiology of shock 30. Investigations of Jaundice 31. Factors that may cause and compensate for derangement in sodium and potassium levels in the body 32. Functions of the hypothalamus 33. Pre-op assessment of a patient by pulmonary function test and their use to ensure a smooth post-op course 34. Factors that come into play in post-op patient leading to sodium and water retention (post op renal failure)* 35. Physiology of myocardial contraction 36. Functions of terminal ileum and management of patient without 37. Causes of hypoxia and management of the causes* 38. Pathophysiology of ischaemic reperfusion injury 39. Factors that may interfere with normal production of urine 40. Describe normal mechanism of swallowing and how this might be disturbed* 41. Metabolic acidosis, aetiology and compensatory mechanism 42. Physiology of thyroid hormones and importance of this knowledge in surgical management 43. Effects of truncal vagotomy and management of a patient who develops symptoms related to the procedure* 44. What is fever? Discuss beneficial and harmful effects 45. Physiological principles involved in pain management 46. Causes and management of urinary incontinence* 47. Hormonal derangements seen post bilateral adrenalectomy 48. How is tone maintained in a voluntary muscle? 49. Functions of normal RBC and effects on storage at 4 degrees Celsius 50. Physiological basis of acute and chronic changes seen post T4 spinal cord damage 51. Functional derangement seen in hypothermic patient and body’s mechanism to offset hypothermia 52. Hormonal effects following a total hypophysectomy and steps that can be taken to ameliorate the effects 53. Role of convoluted tubules in the formation of urine and use of this information in the investigation of oliguric patient 54. Formation, circulation and function of CSF 55. Mechanism of control of gastric acid production and surgical significance 56. Metabolic derangement post total pancreatectomy and management 57. Functions of adrenal cortex and how can they be tested 58. Nutritional requirement of a surgical patient 59. Formation and circulation of lymph and discuss causes and investigation of lymphatic obstruction 60. Describe neural control of respiration and how it is commonly disturbed 61. Functions of the colon 62. Function of ant. Pituitary gland 63. Structure of the bladder in relation to its function.