Edition

Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 12.9
SOLUTION:
• Trajectory of the satellite is described by
1 GM
 2  C cos
r h
Evaluate C using the initial conditions
at  = 0.
A satellite is launched in a direction
• Determine the maximum altitude by
parallel to the surface of the earth
finding r at  = 180o.
with a velocity of 36,900 km/h at an
altitude of 500 km. • With the altitudes at the perigee and
apogee known, the periodic time can
Determine:
be evaluated.
a) the maximum altitude reached by
the satellite, and
b) the periodic time of the satellite.

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 12.9
SOLUTION:
• Trajectory of the satellite is described by
1 GM
 2  C cos
r h
Evaluate C using the initial conditions
at  = 0.
r0  6370  500 km 1 GM
C  2
r0 h
 6.87  106 m
km 1000 m/km 1 398  1012 m3 s 2
v 0  36900   
h 3600 s/h 6.87  10 m
6
70.4 m s
2 2

 10.25  103 m s  65.3  109 m-1

 
h  r0v0  6.87  106 m 10.25  103 m s 
 70.4  109 m 2 s

 
GM  gR 2  9.81m s 2 6.37  106 m 2
 398  1012 m3 s 2
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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 12.9
• Determine the maximum altitude by finding r1
at  = 180o.
1 GM 398  1012 m3 s 2 9 1
 2 C   
 
65.3 10
r1 h 2 2 m
70.4 m s
r1  66.7  106 m  66700 km
max altitude  66700 - 6370km  60300 km

• With the altitudes at the perigee and apogee known,

the periodic time can be evaluated.
a  12 r0  r1   12 6.87  66.7   106 m  36.8  106 m
b  r0 r1  6.87  66.7  106 m  21.4  106 m


 
2 ab 2 36.8  106 m 21.4  106 m


h 70.4  109 m 2 s

  70.3  103 s  19 h 31min

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion

• Results obtained for trajectories of satellites around earth may also be

applied to trajectories of planets around the sun.

• Properties of planetary orbits around the sun were determined

astronomical observations by Johann Kepler (1571-1630) before
Newton had developed his fundamental theory.
1) Each planet describes an ellipse, with the sun located at one of its
foci.
2) The radius vector drawn from the sun to a planet sweeps equal
areas in equal times.
3) The squares of the periodic times of the planets are proportional to
the cubes of the semimajor axes of their orbits.

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 Eighth Edition

CHAPTER VECTOR MECHANICS FOR ENGINEERS:

12 DYNAMICS
Ferdinand P. Beer
E. Russell Johnston, Jr. Kinetics of Particles:
Energy and Momentum
Lecture Notes:
J. Walt Oler Methods
Texas Tech University

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Contents
Introduction Sample Problem 13.6
Work of a Force Sample Problem 13.7
Principle of Work & Energy Sample Problem 13.9
Applications of the Principle of Work Principle of Impulse and Momentum
& Energy Impulsive Motion
Power and Efficiency Sample Problem 13.10
Sample Problem 13.1 Sample Problem 13.11
Sample Problem 13.2 Sample Problem 13.12
Sample Problem 13.3 Impact
Sample Problem 13.4 Direct Central Impact
Sample Problem 13.5 Oblique Central Impact
Potential Energy Problems Involving Energy and Momentum
Conservative Forces Sample Problem 13.14
Conservation of Energy Sample Problem 13.15
Motion Under a Conservative Central Sample Problems 13.16
Force Sample Problem !3.17
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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Introduction
• Previously, problems dealing with the motion of particles
 were

solved through the fundamental equation of motion, F  ma.
Current chapter introduces two additional methods of analysis.

• Method of work and energy: directly relates force, mass,

velocity and displacement.

• Method of impulse and momentum: directly relates force,

mass, velocity, and time.

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Work of a Force

• Differential vector dr is the particle displacement.

• Work of the force is

 
dU  F  dr
 F ds cos 
 Fx dx  Fy dy  Fz dz

• Work is a scalar quantity, i.e., it has magnitude and

sign but not direction.

• Dimensions of work are length  force. Units are

1 J  joule  1 N 1 m 1ft  lb  1.356 J

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Work of a Force
• Work of a force during a finite displacement,
A2 

U12   F  dr
A1
s2 s2
  F cos ds   Ft ds
s1 s1
A2
  Fx dx  Fy dy  Fz dz 
A1

• Work is represented by the area under the

curve of Ft plotted against s.

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Work of a Force
• Work of a constant force in rectilinear motion,
U12  F cos  x

• Work of the force of gravity,

dU  Fx dx  Fy dy  Fz dz
 W dy
y2
U12    W dy
y1
 W  y 2  y1   W y

• Work of the weight is equal to product of

weight W and vertical displacement y.

• Work of the weight is positive when y < 0,

i.e., when the weight moves down.
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