Faculty of Engineering Lecture 1

Electrical Power Department

Course: Codes

Codes
Course Content

1. Part 1: Low voltage motors (5 Lectures)

1.1. Practical consideration of electrical machines (2 Lectures)

National and international {Standards – Types of torques - Types of loads –
Motoring and braking (Generating) action - Design classes – Starting and deep
bar rotors – Classification of electric motors}
1.2. General specifications of low voltage motors (3 Lectures)

2. Part 2: Voltage source inverter drives (3 Lectures)

2.1. Classification of electrical drives (1 Lecture)

2.2. Technical specifications of voltage source inverter drives (2 Lectures)

3. Part 3: General specifications of 3-phase transformers (3 Lectures)

3.1. Practical consideration (1.5 Lecture)
3.2. General specifications (1.5 Lecture)

4. Part 4: Three Phase generators (alternators) (3 Lectures)

4.1. Practical consideration (1.5 Lecture)
4.2. General specifications (1.5 Lecture)
TOTAL (14 Lectures)

Prof. Dr. Magdy El-Attar Page 1 of 5

Faculty of Engineering Lecture 1
Electrical Power Department
Course: Codes

1. Part 1: Low voltage motors

1.1.Practical consideration of electrical machines

- National and International Standards

ANSI American National Standard Institute

BS British Standard
DIN German Industrial Standard
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers Association
VDE Verband der Elektrotechnik, Elektronik Und Informationstechnik (association for
electrical, electronic & information technologies)

- Types of torques in every machine in steady state:

1. Te : Electromagnetic torque (Fe = B.L.I) (Te α ΦI)

2. TL : Load torque (Compressor, fan , pump … )
3. Tf : Friction torque (bearing friction and windage)
4. T acc : Accelerating Torque .

• There is a relation between these 3 types of torques which differs between motor and
generator [Breaking motor = generator].

Motor Action Generator Action

Te α ΦI Td
Driving
Mn Gn torque
TL Te
Mechanical load Electrical load

TF TF
Te = TL + Tf Td = Te + Tf
k.Φ.I = TL + Tf Te α I

@ No Load: @ No Load:
TL = 0 Te = Tf I (Decreases) Te = 0 Td = Tf

This why as load increases the current I increases

Prof. Dr. Magdy El-Attar Page 2 of 5

Faculty of Engineering Lecture 1
Electrical Power Department
Course: Codes

(For all machines AC & DC)

- 6 Hp Motor:
o/p on shaft (useful – brake – net shaft power)
TL

- 30 kW full load (rated):

Maximum lifetime is based on full load.
In case of 35 kW : Machine works overload but for shorter time
In case of 25 kW : Longer lifetime but lower ɳ

- Notes:
Sometimes it’s not recommended the operation @ max ɳ
In problems: An induction motor 10 kW, ….. etc
10 kW  Rated power
Power calculated ≈ Rated power

- We have to study machine at starting [Accelerating]:

𝑑𝜔
𝑇𝑒 = 𝐽 + 𝐵. 𝑊 + 𝑇𝐿
𝜕𝑡
2𝜋𝑛
𝜔=
60

𝒓𝒂𝒅 𝒓𝒆𝒗
𝝎 − −→ ( ) & 𝒏 − −→ (𝐦𝐢𝐧)
𝒔

𝒅𝝎
𝑱  𝝎′ = 𝜽′′
𝝏𝒕
𝐵. 𝑊 = 𝑇𝑓 (𝐹𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 − 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡)

J: Moment of inertia  Constant for each machine

∴ 𝑇𝑒 𝛼 𝜃 ′′ , 𝜔′
𝜕𝜃
𝜔= = 𝜃′
𝜕𝑡
𝑑𝜔
At constant speed: 𝐽 𝜕𝑡
→ 𝑍𝑒𝑟𝑜

* As J increases  time to reach full speed increases

* For a circuit breaker, it must be delayed during accelerating time.

Prof. Dr. Magdy El-Attar Page 3 of 5

Faculty of Engineering Lecture 1
Electrical Power Department
Course: Codes

- Types of Mechanical loads:

1. Fan loads
(T α w2, it constant depend on fan time)
2. Constant torque loads
(T = Constant), P = T w
P α W at T Constant
Example :. Pump, Compressor, Elevator

3. Constant power loads

P = Constant
P = w . T (w rad/ sec. & T Nm.)
Example :. paper rolling machines

Prof. Dr. Magdy El-Attar Page 4 of 5

Faculty of Engineering Lecture 1
Electrical Power Department
Course: Codes

Prof. Dr. Magdy El-Attar Page 5 of 5