Dari Buku Subramanya, K.

“Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition”

Soal 3.21

Jawab:
ɸ= 0,6 cm/h = 0,2 cm per 20 min time step

Incremental
Time (t) Δt Cummulative Infiltration
Rainfall Runoff (cm)
(min) (min) Rainfall (cm) Loss = (ɸ x Δt)
(cm)

0 0 0 0
20 20 0,5 0,5 0,2 0,3
40 20 1,2 0,7 0,2 0,5
60 20 2,6 1,4 0,2 1,2
80 20 3,3 0,7 0,2 0,5
100 20 3,5 0,2 0,2 0
Total 1,00 2,50
Contoh perhitungan saat t = 40 min:
∆t = 40 − 20 = 20 min
Incremental Rainfall = 1,2 − 0,5 = 0,7 cm
20
Infiltration Loss = ɸ × ∆t = 0,6 × = 0,2 cm
60
Runoff = Incremental Rainfall − Infiltration Loss = 0,7 − 0,2 = 0,5 cm

Maka didapat total surface runoff from catchment:

Total Runoff = 0 + 0,3 + 0,5 + 1,2 + 0,5 + 0
𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐑𝐮𝐧𝐨𝐟𝐟 = 𝟐, 𝟓𝟎 𝐜𝐦
Soal 3.22

Jawab:

Depth of Runoff in Runoff depth

% of ɸ-index Rainfall Effective Duration
Rainfall each sub- over total
catchment (cm/h) Intensity (cm/h) Rainfall (cm/h) (h)
(cm) area (cm) catchment (cm)
1st Hour 1,00 0,8 0,0 1 0,0
2nd Hour 20% 1,00 2,3 1,3 1 1,3
3rd Hour 1,00 1,5 0,5 1 0,5 1,8 0,36
1st Hour 0,75 0,7 0,0 1 0,0
2nd Hour 30% 0,75 2,1 1,4 1 1,4
3rd Hour 0,75 1,0 0,3 1 0,3 1,6 0,48
1st Hour 0,50 1,0 0,5 1 0,5
2nd Hour 50% 0,50 2,5 2,0 1 2,0
3rd Hour 0,50 0,8 0,3 1 0,3 2,8 1,40
Total 2,24 cm

Contoh perhitungan pada 3rd hour, 20% of catchment:

Effective Rainfall = Rainfall Intensity − ɸ index = 1,5 − 1,0 = 0,5 cm⁄h
Depth of Rainfall = Effective Rainfall × Duration = 0,5 × 1 = 0,5 cm
Runoff in each sub − area = ∑ Depth of rainfall = 0,0 + 1,3 + 0,5 = 1,8 cm

Runoff depth over total catchment = ∑ Depth of rainfall × % of Catchment

20
Runoff depth over total catchment = 1,8 × = 0,36 cm
100
Maka didapat Total runoof from the catchment:
∑ runoff depth over total catchment = 0,36 + 0,48 + 1,4 = 2,24 cm
Soal 4.1

Jawab:
Average Segmental
Distance (m) Depth (m) V0,2d V0,8d Vmean (m/s) Keterangan:
width (m) Discharge
0,0 0 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
1,5 1,6875 1,30 0,60 0,40 0,50 1,0969 Segmen 1
3,0 1,5000 2,50 0,90 0,60 0,75 2,8125
4,5 1,5000 1,70 0,70 0,50 0,60 1,5300
6,0 1,5000 1,00 0,60 0,40 0,50 0,7500
7,5 1,6875 0,40 0,40 0,30 0,35 0,2363 Segmen 2
9,0 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
Sum 6,4256 m³/s
Contoh perhitungan:
Average width untuk setiap awal segmen
1,5 2
(1,5 + 2 )
̅ =
W = 1,6875 m
2 × 1,5
Pada distance = 1,5 m, Vmean:
1 1
Average Velocity = Vmean = (V0,2d + V0,8d ) = (0,6 + 0,4) = 0,5 m⁄s
2 2
Segmental Discharge = Vmean × W ̅ × Depth = 0,5 × 1,6875 × 1,3 = 1,0969 m3⁄s

Maka didapat total discharge = 6,4256 m³/s

Soal 4.3

Jawab:
Average
Distance Depth Revolutions Observation Vmean Segmental
Width Keterangan
(m) (m) in T min. time T (s) (m/s) Discharge
(m)
0 0,00 0
First
2 2,250 0,50 80 180 0,1742 0,1960
Segment
4 2,000 1,10 83 120 0,2533 0,5573
6 2,083 1,95 131 120 0,3813 1,5492
9 3,125 2,25 139 120 0,4027 2,8313
12 3,375 1,85 121 120 0,3547 2,2145
15 3,375 1,75 114 120 0,3360 1,9845
18 3,375 1,65 109 120 0,3227 1,7969
20 2,250 1,50 92 120 0,2773 0,9360
22 2,250 1,25 85 120 0,2587 0,7275
Last
23 1,125 0,75 70 150 0,1813 0,1530
Segment
24 0 0 0 0,0000 0,0000
Total Discharge (m³/s) 12,9461
Average width:
2 2
(2 + 2)
̅ =
W = 2,250 m
2×2
Pada distance = 2 m, Vmean:
80
Average Velocity = Vmean = 0,32𝑁 + 0,032 = 0,32 × + 0,032 = 0,1742 m⁄s
180
̅ × Depth = 0,1742 × 2,250 × 0,50 = 0,1960 m3⁄s
Segmental Discharge = Vmean × W

Maka didapat total discharge = 12,9461 m³/s

Soal 4.11

Jawab:

a (m) = 35,0 N = 13
Stage
Discharge log(G-a) = log(Q) =
(G) G-a (m) XY X² Y²
(Q) (m³/s) X Y
(meters)
35,91 0,91 89 -0,0410 1,9494 -0,0798 0,0017 3,8001
36,9 1,90 230 0,2788 2,3617 0,6583 0,0777 5,5778
37,92 2,92 360 0,4654 2,5563 1,1897 0,2166 6,5347
44,40 9,40 3800 0,9731 3,5798 3,4836 0,9470 12,8149
45,40 10,40 4560 1,0170 3,6590 3,7213 1,0344 13,3880
46,43 11,43 5305 1,0580 3,7247 3,9409 1,1195 13,8733
39,07 4,07 469 0,6096 2,6712 1,6283 0,3716 7,1352
41,00 6,00 798 0,7782 2,9020 2,2582 0,6055 8,4216
43,53 8,53 2800 0,9309 3,4472 3,2091 0,8667 11,8829
48,02 13,02 5900 1,1146 3,7709 4,2030 1,2424 14,2193
49,05 14,05 6800 1,1477 3,8325 4,3985 1,3172 14,6881
49,55 14,55 6900 1,1629 3,8388 4,4641 1,3523 14,7368
49,68 14,68 6950 1,1667 3,8420 4,4825 1,3612 14,7608
TOTAL 10,6620 42,1354 37,5577 10,5136 141,8335

Dengan menggunakan persamaan 4.28a dalam buku, didapat:

N(∑ XY) − (∑ X)(∑ Y) 13(37,5577) − (10,6620)(42,1354)
β= = = 1,6959
N(∑ X 2 ) − (∑ X)2 13(10,5136) − (10,6620)2
Rumus 4.28b:
∑ Y − β(∑ X) 42,1354 − 1,6959(10,6620)
b= = = 1,8503
N 13
Maka didapat:
log 𝐶𝑟 = 𝑏
Cr = 10b = 101,8503 = 70,8405
Persamaan Discharge (Q):
Q = Cr (G − a)β = 70,8405 (G − 35)1,6959

(2) dari persamaan (4.29), didapat nilai correlation coefficient:

N(∑ XY) − (∑ X)(∑ Y)
r=
√(N(∑ X 2 ) − (∑ X)2 ) × (N(∑ Y 2 ) − (∑ Y)2 )
13(37,5577) − (10,6620)(42,1354)
r=
√(13(10,5136) − (10,6620)2 ) × (13(141,8335) − (42,1354)2 )
r = 0,9831

(3) Jika G = 42,50 m dan 48,50 m, maka nilai Discharge (Q):

3
Q42,5 = Cr (G − a)β = 70,8405 (42,5 − 35)1,6959 = 2159,2705 m ⁄s
3
Q48,5 = Cr (G − a)β = 70,8405 (48,5 − 35)1,6959 = 5850,9490 m ⁄s
Soal 4.14

Jawab:
a (m) = 20,5 N = 14

Stage (G) G-a Discharge

log(G-a) = X log(Q) = Y XY X² Y²
(meters) (m) (Q) (m³/s)
21,95 1,45 100 0,1614 2,0000 0,3227 0,0260 4,0000
22,45 1,95 220 0,2900 2,3424 0,6794 0,0841 5,4869
22,80 2,30 295 0,3617 2,4698 0,8934 0,1308 6,1000
23,00 2,50 400 0,3979 2,6021 1,0355 0,1584 6,7707
23,40 2,90 490 0,4624 2,6902 1,2439 0,2138 7,2372
23,75 3,25 500 0,5119 2,6990 1,3816 0,2620 7,2844
23,65 3,15 640 0,4983 2,8062 1,3983 0,2483 7,8746
24,05 3,55 780 0,5502 2,8921 1,5913 0,3028 8,3642
24,55 4,05 1010 0,6075 3,0043 1,8250 0,3690 9,0259
24,85 4,35 1220 0,6385 3,0864 1,9706 0,4077 9,5256
25,40 4,90 1300 0,6902 3,1139 2,1492 0,4764 9,6966
25,15 4,65 1420 0,6675 3,1523 2,1040 0,4455 9,9369
25,55 5,05 1550 0,7033 3,1903 2,2437 0,4946 10,1782
25,90 5,40 1760 0,7324 3,2455 2,3770 0,5364 10,5334
TOTAL 7,2732 39,2945 21,2157 4,1558 112,0148

Dengan menggunakan persamaan 4.35a dalam buku, didapat:

N(∑ XY) − (∑ Y)(∑ X) 14(21,2157) − (39,2945)(7,2732)
α= = = 0,4648
N(∑ Y 2 ) − (∑ Y)2 14(112,0148) − (39,2945)2
Rumus Coefficient C dari persamaan 4.35b:
∑ X − α(∑ Y) 7,2732 − 0,4648(39,3945)
C= = = −0,7850
N 14

Maka didapat: (b) Jika Q = 2600 m³/s, maka stage river (G):
C1 = antilog C = 10C = 10−0,7850 = 0,1641 (G − 20,5) = 0,1641 × 26000,48
Persamaan Discharge (Q): G = (0,1641 × 26000,48 ) + 20,5
(G − a) = C1 Qα 𝐆 = 𝟐𝟔, 𝟖𝟒𝟏𝟕 𝐦
(G − 20,5) = 0,1641 Q0,48