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Advanced Sulphur Analysis in Hydrocarbons
Advanced Sulphur Analysis in Hydrocarbons
hydrocarbons
Kyle Kuwitzky XOS
P
etra MAX™ delivers advanced D4294 sul- noise and increases signal-to-noise output, ena-
phur analysis in addition to 12 elements bling low detection limits and high precision
from P to Zn including Ca, Fe, K, Ni, and V without the need for consumable helium gas, a
at sub-ppm levels for various applications: vacuum pump, or extensive sample preparation.
• Sulphur in diesel and gasoline using ASTM
D4294 and ISO 8754 Advanced Analysis with HDXRF
• Sulphur and heavy metals in crude using ASTM High Definition X-Ray Fluorescence (HDXRF)
D4294 and ISO 8754 is an elemental analysis technique offering sig-
• Sulphur, Calcium, Phosphorus, and Zinc in nificantly enhanced detection performance over
unused lubricants using ASTM D6481 traditional EDXRF technology. This technique
• Sulphur in bunker fuel and marine diesel using applies state-of-the-art monochromating and
ISO 8217 focusing optics, enabling dramatically higher sig-
nal-to-background ratio compared to traditional
In this whitepaper, we will discuss the follow- polychromatic X-Ray Fluorescence.
ing application studies: Figure 1 shows the basic configuration of
• Application Study #1: S, Ni, V, and Fe Analysis HDXRF and its use of focused monochromatic
of Crude Oil Using HDXRF® excitation. In this system, the diffraction-based
• Application Study #2: Total Sulphur in doubly curved crystal optics capture a wide
Hydrocarbons from 17 ppm to 4.6 wt% angle of X-rays from the source and focus a nar-
row energy band (monochromatic) of X-rays to
Abstract a small spot on a measurement cell. The mon-
Petra MAX is a robust benchtop analyser that ochromatic beam excites the sample and sec-
complies with ASTM D4294 and ISO 8754 ondary characteristic fluorescence X-rays are
for measuring sulphur in hydrocarbons. Petra emitted. A detector processes those secondary
MAX is powered by HDXRF, utilising XOS pat- X-rays and the instrument reports the elemental
ented doubly curved crystal optics coupled with composition of the sample.
a high-performance silicon drift detector and an Figure 2 compares the detector signal of poly-
intense monochromatic excitation beam. This chromatic (competitor) with monochromatic
industry-leading technology reduces background (XOS) XRF to demonstrate how monochro-
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