Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Questions:
The DNA is
the genetic
material
because it
codes
protein,
mRNA, tRNA,
rRNA. What
about

carbohydrates and lipids? How do you relate it to genes? How is that when there
is a defect in carbohydrate metabolism, there is a defect in the genes?

DNA codes for the proteins, are all the DNA content in all of the cells in the body
identical?

 yes, all the DNA codes in one organism is the same but differs from
other organisms. Though there are different types of cells in one organism, they
still have the same DNA code, they carry the genes but are not always expressed.
White Blood cells may carry digesting genes but it is not expressed.

CENTRAL DOGMA
Watson and Crick
Designed the model of the double-stranded DNA
Discovered it through the X-ray Diffraction of Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind
Franklin

*DNA and RNA has not yet occurred simultaneously in a virus.

DNA
 made up of polynucleotide Purin Pyrimidin
 N base e e
 Sugar
A T
 Phosphate
double
bond
G C Triple
Bond
*Base + Sugar = nucleoside
 example: Adenine + ribose = adenosine
(trivia: add 3 phosphate and you will have ATP)
 Double helix
 Phosphate  sugar  infinity = the back bone of DNA

*RNA has OH, DNA does not have O in the carbon 2, only H that’s why it’s called
deoxyribose

*DNA is more stable than RNA because RNA has oxygen.

*bases attach to the carbon 1 of the sugar

DNA has 2 ends, the 5 prime end and the 3 prime end.
In the double helix, they are anti-parallel.
5 prime end ---------------------------------------------------- 3 prime end
3 prime end -----------------------------------------------------5 prime end
The orientation of the strand in the other is also inverted

*the 2 strands are joined by hydrogen bonds

DNA Double Helix

DNA Replication

 2 strands are broken (Helicase is broken)

 Replicated through the pairing up of bases
 semi-conservative DNA Replication
 each newly formed DNA molecule id made up of one strand of Parent
DNA and one strand of Daughter DNA
Transcription

1. synthesis of RNA molecules using DNA as the template

2. Each gene is double stranded but only one strand is transcribed
3. direction is from 5’ to 3’ of the RNA Transcript
4. RNA polymerase

*note: Phenylalanine is excreted through the urine