1.

POROUS AS A DAMPING MATERIAL IN SOUND PROOFING

Sustainable materials for noise control can be classification into three main categories:

 Natural material
 Recycled material
 Mixed and composited material

Regarding (Oldham, Egan and Cookson, 2011) present an examination of the acoustical
characteristics of a range of natural fibers which has confirmed their effectiveness as porous sound
absorbers and also the limitations of current models for predicting their performance. Examination of
the acoustical performance of materials consisting of different configurations of whole reeds and straws
has revealed that these also possess considerable potential for application as broadband sound
absorbers with particularly good low frequency absorption characteristics. They concluded that the
combination of natural fibers and whole reeds offer the possibility of developing a range of sustainable
absorbers which act very effectively across the complete audio frequency range.

According to (Ravandi et al., 2015) there is a wide range of natural noise absorbents and usually
porous have a high absorbent properties. Since, the material have tiny pores, ridged or holes in which
noise wave can enter through them.

Figure 1. The cross-sectional view of solid porous material

 2. ACOUSTICAL SEALANT IN REDUCING THE AIRBONE NOISE

Airborne noises are transmitted by air and atmosphere such as the radio, machines or people
carrying on conversations. When sound waves traveling through the air reach a building element they
hit it and cause it to vibrate. These vibrations travel through the structure or building and are radiated
out the other side. This is due to airborne noise traveling through windows and doors which is a major
source of sound leakage. In order to overcome the problem noise sealant can be the best solution.

(Jharbade, 2016) stated that the possible way that air and sound leaks through:

 Airborne noise can occur through cracks where small air gap can completely compromise the
effectiveness of the wall in the building.
 Opening in the wall are one of the them such as electrical outlet, penetration of the wall for
plumbing or sprinkler piping need to be well sealed to prevent form the leaks
 Structural connections between double stud partition
 Concrete masonry wall

Acoustical sealant is a high quality latex-based sealing compound used as an essential component in
construction. It possesses excellent adhesion to drywall, wood, metal, and concrete, remains
permanently flexible and is durable and long lasting.

Typically, acoustic sealants are used in the following application to reduce flanking noise, thus
enabling the wall to achieve, maintain and potentially improve the desired level of sound reduction :

 Top and bottom runners prior to application of drywall

 Outer edge perimeter joints of drywall
 Cut-outs and utility penetrations
 Bottom of wall, wall to wall, and head of wall joints
 Penetrations for metallic, insulated metallic and non-metallic pipe, ducts, conduits, cables, and
wires in non-fire rated smoke partitions and/or acoustical assemblies
 In conjunction with resilient mounts (such as resilient channels or sound clips)
 Figure 2. Common flanking path

3. WOOD SYSTEM IN REDUCING THE STRUCTURE-BORNE NOISE

Structure-borne noises are transmitted when sound arises from the actual impact of an object on a
building element such as a wall, floor or ceiling. Structure-borne sound occurs because the impact
causes both sides of the building element to vibrate, generating sound waves.

According to (Schiavi and Prato, no date) wood system seem to guarantee a certain acoustical
comfort at low frequencies. Heavy and hollow brick used as a wall and base floor shown a good
acoustical performances at low frequency.

(Jharbade, 2016) stated that another way to increase the transmission loss of a panel or
construction, such as a wall, is by increasing its thickness and isolating one side of the construction from
the other. This is commonly done by using two panels separated by an air cavity, and is known as a dual
panel partition. Doubling the air space width increases the transmission loss by about 5 dB. Usually, the
dual panel approach is more effective and lower cost than increasing wall mass.

In order to reduce the noise from the structure-borne the thickness of the slab or wall can
contribute to the reduction of noise. As well as the density of the material, with a denser material it is
difficult for sound wave to pass the material. The sound wave might be reflected or absorb this method
is good to reduce the external noise which the noise can be block or reduce from entering the building.

Figure3. Structure-borne noise

 REFERENCE

Jharbade, S. G. (2016) ‘Noise Control Of Building’, pp. 113–118.

Oldham, D. J., Egan, C. A. and Cookson, R. D. (2011) ‘Sustainable acoustic absorbers from the biomass’,
Applied Acoustics, 72(6), pp. 350–363. doi: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2010.12.009.
Ravandi, M. R. G. et al. (2015) ‘A Review on the Acoustical Properties of Natural and Synthetic Noise
Absorbents’, OALib, 2(8), pp. 1–11. doi: 10.4236/oalib.1101598.
Schiavi, A. and Prato, A. (no date) ‘Building Components and Materials for Low Frequency Airborne and
Structure - Borne Sound Insulation’, pp. 1–8.