Zada~a 1.

Da se presmeta temel pod stolb od nearmiran beton za tovarite i

uslovite dadeni na skicata.

1) Opredeluvawe na dimenzii vo osnova.

P = Pg + Pp = 700 kN
ao 0,4
k= = = 0,8
bo 0,5

P 700
B = =
k (σdoz − β γb Df ) 0,8 (150 − 0,85 ⋅ 24 ⋅ 1,5 )

B = 2,70 m
A = k ⋅ B = 2,15 m

2) Opredeluvawe na visinata na temelot.

Pg 500
pn,g = = = 86,133 kPa
F 2,70 ⋅ 2,15
Pp 200
pn,p = = = 34,453 kPa
F 2,70 ⋅ 2,15

pn = 1,6 pn,g + 1,8 pn,p = 1,6 ⋅ 86,133 + 1,8 ⋅ 34,453 = 199,828 kPa

B − bo 2,70 − 0,50
b2 = = = 1,10 m
2 2

‡ metod na plo~a

71
 Glava 2. TEMEL SAMEC, TEMEL POD STOLB

1 1
M = pn A b22 = ⋅ 199,828 ⋅ 2,15 ⋅ 1,102 = 259,926 kNm
2 2
A 2,15
bst = = = 1,075 m
2 2
Za usvoena MB 20 i pretpostavena visina h t ≈ 100 cm:

⎛ 0,40 ⎞⎟
σbzs = 0,70 ⋅ 1,80 ⎜ 0,60 + = 1,26 MPa
⎜ 4 1,0 ⎟
⎝ ⎠

6 ⋅ 259,926
ht = = 1,073 m
1,075 ⋅ 1260

‡ metod na ise~oci

2,15 + 0,4
F = 0,225 ⋅ 2,15 + 0,875 = 0,48375 + 1,115625 = 1,6 m2
2

72
Temel samec od nearmiran beton

0,875 2 ⋅ 2,15 + 0,4 0,225

1,115625 + 0,48375 ( + 0,875 )
3 2,15 + 0,4 2
s = = 0,6734 m
1,6

Q = pn ⋅ F = 199,828 ⋅ 1,6 = 319,7248 kN

M = Q ⋅ s = 319,7248 ⋅ 0,6734 = 215,3026 kNm

A + ao 2,15 + 0,40
bst = = = 1,275 m
2 2
Za usvoena MB 20 i pretpostavena visina h t ≈ 100 cm:

⎛ 0,40 ⎞⎟
σbzs = 0,70 ⋅ 1,80 ⎜ 0,60 + = 1,26 MPa
⎜ 4 1,0 ⎟
⎝ ⎠

6 ⋅ 215,3026
ht = = 0,8967 m
1,275 ⋅ 1260

usvoeno h t = 1,10 m
ht 1,10
tg α = = = 1 ⇒ α = 45°
b2 1,10

3) Konstruktivni karakteristiki.

73
 Glava 2. TEMEL SAMEC, TEMEL POD STOLB

4) Kontrola na napregawa.
G = GT + GP

GT = 2,70 ⋅ 2,15 ⋅ 1,10 ⋅ 24 + 0,40 ⋅ 0,50 ⋅ 0,40 ⋅ 25 = 155,252 kN

GP = (2,70 ⋅ 2,15 ⋅ 1,50 − 6,4655) ⋅ 21,0 = 47,082 kN

G = 155,252 + 47,082 = 202,334 kN

P +G 700 + 202,334
pmax = = = 155,44 kPa
A⋅B 2,70 ⋅ 2,15
σdoz − pmax 150 − 155,44
Δ= ⋅ 100 = ⋅ 100 = 3,627 % < (3 ÷ 5) %
σdoz 150

Zada~a 2. Da se presmeta temel pod stolb od nearmiran beton za tovarite i

uslovite dadeni na skicata.

1) Opredeluvawe na dimenzii vo osnova.

k (σdoz − β γb Df ) B 3 − P ⋅ B − 6 M = 0

P = Pg + Pp = 500 + 140 = 640 kN

M = Mg + Mp + Hg ⋅ Df + Hp ⋅ Df = 100 + 60 + 40 ⋅ 1,3 + 20 ⋅ 1,3 = 238 kNm

ao 0,45
k= = = 0,818
bo 0,55

0,818 ⋅ (140 − 0,85 ⋅ 24 ⋅ 1,3) B 3 − 640 B − 6 ⋅ 238 = 0

92,847 B 3 − 640 B − 1428 = 0

B 3 − 6,893 B − 15,381 = 0 ⇒ B = 3,373 m

B = 3,40 m
A = k ⋅ B = 2,80 m

74
Temel samec od nearmiran beton

B − bo 3,40 − 0,55
‡ dol`ina na konzola ....... b2 = = = 1,425 m
2 2
B 3,40
‡ jadro na presek .............. k = = = 0,5667 m
6 6
M 238
‡ ekscentricitet ............. e= = = 0,266 m
P +G 640 + 0,85 ⋅ 24 ⋅ 3,4 ⋅ 2,8 ⋅ 1,3

e < k ⇒ simetri~en temel so mal ekscentricitet

2) Opredeluvawe na visinata na temelot.

Pg Mg 500 6 ⋅ 152
pn,g max = ± = ± = 52,521 ± 28,176
min
F W 3,4 ⋅ 2,8 3,4 2 ⋅ 2,8

⎧ 80,697
pn,g = ⎨ [kPa]
⎩ 24,345
Pp Mp 140 6 ⋅ 86
pn, p max = ± = ± = 14,706 ± 15,942
min
F W 3,4 ⋅ 2,8 3,4 2 ⋅ 2,8

⎧ 30,648
pn, p = ⎨ [kPa]
⎩ −1,236

pn = 1,6 ⋅ pn,g + 1,8 ⋅ pn, p

pn,max = 1,6 ⋅ 80,697 + 1,8 ⋅ 30,648 = 184,282 kPa

pn,min = 1,6 ⋅ 24,345 − 1,8 ⋅ 1,236 = 36,727 kPa

pn,max − pn,min 184,282 − 36,727

k2 = = = 43,3985
B 3,40

‡ Stati~ki golemini (metod na plo~a)

75
 Glava 2. TEMEL SAMEC, TEMEL POD STOLB

B − bo 3,40 − 0,55
b2 = = = 1,425 m
2 2
1 1
M = pn,max A b22 − k2 A b23 =
2 6
1 1
= 184,282 ⋅ 2,8 ⋅ 1,425 2 − 43,3985 ⋅ 2,8 ⋅ 1,4253 = 465,287 kNm
2 6
A 2,80
bst = = = 1,40 m
2 2
Za usvoena MB 20 i pretpostavena visina h t = 1,0 m:

⎛ 0,40 ⎞⎟
σbzs = 0,70 ⋅ 1,80 ⎜ 0,60 + = 1,26 MPa
⎜ 4
1,0 ⎟⎠
⎝

6 ⋅ 465,287
ht = = 1,258 m
1,40 ⋅ 1260

‡ Stati~ki golemini (metod na ise~oci)

76
Temel samec od nearmiran beton

2,8 + 0,45
F = 0,25 ⋅ 2,8 + 1,175 = 0,70 + 1,9094 = 2,6094 m2
2
1,175 2 ⋅ 2,8 + 0,45 0,25
1,9094 + 0,70 ( + 1,175 )
3 2,8 + 0,45 2
s = = 0,8823 m
2,6094

p n = pn,max − k2 x = 184,282 − 43,3985 x

x = b2 − s = 1,425 − 0,8823 = 0,5427 m

p n = 184,282 − 43,3985 ⋅ 0,5427 = 160,7296 kPa

Q = pn ⋅ F = 160,7296 ⋅ 2,6094 = 419,408 kN

M = Q ⋅ s = 419,408 ⋅ 0,8823 = 370,044 kNm

A + ao 2,80 + 0,45
bst = = = 1,625 m
2 2
Za usvoena MB 20 i pretpostavena visina h t = 1,0 m:

⎛ 0,40 ⎞⎟
σbzs = 0,70 ⋅ 1,80 ⎜ 0,60 + = 1,26 MPa
⎜ 41,0 ⎟⎠
⎝

6 ⋅ 370,044
ht = = 1,041 m
1,625 ⋅ 1260

usvoeno h t = 1,30 m

77
 Glava 2. TEMEL SAMEC, TEMEL POD STOLB

ht 1,30
tg α = = = 0,912 ⇒ α = 42,37°
b2 1,425

3) Konstruktivni karakteristiki.

4) Kontrola na napregawa.
G = GT + GP

GT = 3,40 ⋅ 2,80 ⋅ 1,30 ⋅ 24 = 297,024 kN

GP = 0 kN

G = 297,024 kN
P +G 6M 640 + 297,024 6 ⋅ 238
p max = ± = ± = 98,427 ± 44,117
min F A B2 3,4 ⋅ 2,8 2,8 ⋅ 3,4 2

⎧142,544
p max = ⎨ [kPa]
min ⎩ 54,31

σdoz − pmax 140 − 142,544

Δ= ⋅ 100 = ⋅ 100 = 1,817 % < (3 ÷ 5) %
σdoz 140

78
Temel samec od nearmiran beton

Zada~a 3. Da se presmeta temel pod stolb od nearmiran beton za uslovite i

tovarite dadeni na skicata.

1) Opredeluvawe na dimenzii vo osnova.

P = Pg + Pp = 300 kN ; M = Mg + Mp = 400 kNm
ao 0,4
k= = = 0,8
bo 0,5

k (σdoz − β γb Df ) B 3 − P ⋅ B − 6 M = 0

0,8 ⋅ (180 − 0,85 ⋅ 24 ⋅ 1,2) B 3 − 300 B − 6 ⋅ 400 = 0

124,416 B 3 − 300 B − 2400 = 0

B 3 − 2,41 B − 19,29 = 0 ⇒ B = 2,981 m

B = 3,0 m ⇒ k = B / 6 = 0,5 m
A = k ⋅ B = 2,4 m
Ekscentricitetot iznesuva:
M 400 400
e= = = = 0,839 m
P +G 300 + 0,85 ⋅ 24 ⋅ 3,0 ⋅ 2,4 ⋅ 1,2 476,256

e > k ⇒ simetri~en temel so golem ekscentricitet

2 (P + G ) 2 ⋅ 476,256
c = = = 0,735 m
3 A ⋅ σdoz 3 ⋅ 2,40 ⋅ 180
2P M 2 ⋅ 300 400
B = 2c + ⋅ = 2 ⋅ 0,735 + ⋅ = 2,528 m
P +G P +G 476,256 476,256

usvoeno: B = 2,55 m ⇒ A = k ⋅ B = 2,0 m

‡ vtor ~ekor:

B1 + B 2 3,0 + 2,55
B= = = 2,75 m ; A = 2,20 m
2 2

79
 Glava 2. TEMEL SAMEC, TEMEL POD STOLB

P + G = 300 + 0,85 ⋅ 24 ⋅ 2,75 ⋅ 2,20 ⋅ 1,20 = 448,104 kN

2 (P + G ) 2 ⋅ 448,104
c = = = 0,7544 m
3 A ⋅ σdoz 3 ⋅ 2,20 ⋅ 180
2 ⋅ 300 400
B = 2 ⋅ 0,7544 + ⋅ = 2,704 m
448,104 448,104
usvoeno: B = 2,75 m ; A = 2,2 m
B r = 3 c = 3 ⋅ 0,7544 = 2,263 m

2) Opredeluvawe na visinata na temelot.

2 (Pg + G ) 2 (Pg + G ) 2 ⋅ 348,104

pn,g = = = = 139,840 kPa
3A ⋅ c A ⋅ Br 2,20 ⋅ 2,263
2 Pp 2Pp 2 ⋅ 100
pn,p = = = = 40,172 kPa
3A ⋅ c A ⋅ Br 2,20 ⋅ 2,263

pn = 1,6 ⋅ pn,g + 1,8 ⋅ pn,p = 1,6 ⋅ 139,840 + 1,8 ⋅ 40,172 = 296,054 kPa

pn 296,054
k2 = = = 130,824
Br 2,263

‡ Stati~ki golemini (metod na plo~a)

80
Temel samec od nearmiran beton

B − bo 2,75 − 0,50
b2 = = = 1,125 m
2 2
1 1
M = pn,max A b22 − k2 A b23 =
2 6
1 1
= 296,054 ⋅ 2,2 ⋅ 1,125 2 − 130,824 ⋅ 2,2 ⋅ 1,1253 = 343,863 kNm
2 6
A 2,20
bst = = = 1,10 m
2 2
Za usvoena MB 20 i pretpostavena visina h t = 1,0 m:

⎛ 0,40 ⎞⎟
σbzs = 0,70 ⋅ 1,80 ⎜ 0,60 + = 1,26 MPa
⎜ 4
1,0 ⎟⎠
⎝

6 ⋅ 343,863
ht = = 1,22 m
1,10 ⋅ 1260

‡ Stati~ki golemini (metod na ise~oci)

81
 Glava 2. TEMEL SAMEC, TEMEL POD STOLB

2,2 + 0,4
F = 0,225 ⋅ 2,2 + 0,9 = 0,495 + 1,17 = 1,665 m2
2
0,9 2 ⋅ 2,2 + 0,4 0,225
1,17 + 0,495 ( + 0,9 )
3 2,2 + 0,4 2
s = = 0,6902 m
1,665

p n = pn,max − k2 x = 296,054 − 130,824 x

x = b2 − s = 1,125 − 0,6902 = 0,4348 m

p n = 296,054 − 130,824 ⋅ 0,4348 = 239,172 kPa

Q = pn ⋅ F = 239,172 ⋅ 1,665 = 398,221 kN

M = Q ⋅ s = 398,221⋅ 0,6902 = 274,852 kNm

A + ao 2,2 + 0,4
bst = = = 1,30 m
2 2
Za usvoena MB 20 i pretpostavena visina h t = 1,0 m:

⎛ 0,40 ⎞⎟
σbzs = 0,70 ⋅ 1,80 ⎜ 0,60 + = 1,26 MPa
⎜ 4 1,0 ⎟
⎝ ⎠

6 ⋅ 274,852
ht = = 1,003 m
1,30 ⋅ 1260

usvoena visina: h t = 1,20 m

82
Temel samec od nearmiran beton

ht 1,20
tg α = = = 1,021 ⇒ α = 45,60°
b2 1,125

3) Konstruktivni detali.

4) Kontrola na napregawa.
G = GT + GP

GT = 2,75 ⋅ 2,20 ⋅ 1,20 ⋅ 24 = 174,24 kN

GP = 0 kN

G = 174,24 kN
B 300 400
c = − ⋅ = 0,823 m
2 466,12 466,12

2 (P + G ) 2 ⋅ 474,24
p max = = = 174,616 kPa
3A ⋅ c 3 ⋅ 2,20 ⋅ 0,823

σdoz − pmax 180 − 174,616

Δ= ⋅ 100 = ⋅ 100 = 2,99 % < (3 ÷ 5) %
σdoz 180

83
 Glava 2. TEMEL SAMEC, TEMEL POD STOLB

Zada~a 4. Da se presmeta temel pod stolb od nearmiran beton so ekscentri-

citet vo dva pravci za uslovite dadeni na skicata.

1) Opredeluvawe na dimenzii vo osnova.

P = Pg + Pp = 500 + 100 = 600 kN

My = My,g + My,p = 80 + 60 = 140 kNm

Mx = Mx,g + Mx,p = 40 + 20 = 60 kNm

ao 0,4
k= = = 0,8
bo 0,5
k 2(σdoz − β γb Df ) B 3 − k ⋅ P ⋅ B − 6 ⋅ Mx − 6⋅ k ⋅ My = 0

0,82 ⋅ (200 − 0,85 ⋅ 24 ⋅ 1,5) B 3 − 0,8 ⋅ 600 B − 6 ⋅ 60 − 6 ⋅ 0,8 ⋅ 140 = 0

108,416 B 3 − 480 B − 1032 = 0

B 3 − 4,43 B − 9,52 = 0 ⇒ B = 2,798 m

B = 2,8 m ⇒ A = k ⋅ B = 2,25 m

‡ uslov za ednozna~ni napregawa:

1
(k B P + β γb Df k 2 B 3 − 6 M x − 6 k M y ) > 0
k B3
2

1
(0,8 ⋅ 2,80 ⋅ 600 + 0,85 ⋅ 24 ⋅ 1,5 ⋅ 0,82 ⋅ 2,803 − 6 ⋅ 60 − 6 ⋅ 0,8 ⋅ 140 > 0
k 2B 3
741,908
= 52,80 kPa > 0
k 2B 3
0 < 52,80 kPa < 200 kPa ⇒ simetri~en temel so mal ekscentricitet

84
Temel samec od nearmiran beton

2) Opredeluvawe na visinata na temelot.

P 6M 6 My
pn = ± 2x ±
F A B B2 A
500 6 ⋅ 40 6 ⋅ 80
pn,g = ± ± = 79,365 ± 16,931 ± 27,211 [kPa]
2,80 ⋅ 2,25 2,25 2 ⋅ 2,80 2,80 2 ⋅ 2,25
100 6 ⋅ 20 6 ⋅ 60
pn, p = ± ± = 15,873 ± 8,466 ± 20,408 [kPa]
2,80 ⋅ 2,25 2,25 2 ⋅ 2,80 2,80 2 ⋅ 2,25

B − bo 2,80 − 0,50
b2 = = = 1,15 m
2 2
p max = 1,6 ⋅ pg ,max + 1,8 ⋅ pp,max

pmax =1,6.123,507 + 1,8.44,747 = 278,156 kPa

k1 = 1,6 ⋅ k1,g + 1,8 ⋅ k1,p

123,507 − 89,645
k1,g = = 15,0498
2,25
44,747 − 27,815
k1,p = = 7,5253
2,25

k1 = 1,6 ⋅ 15,0498 + 1,8 ⋅ 7,5253 = 37,6252

k2 = 1,6 ⋅ k2,g + 1,8 ⋅ k2,p

123,507 − 69,085
k2,g = = 19,4364
2,8
44,747 − 3,931
k 2, p = = 14,5771
2,8

k2 = 1,6 ⋅ 19,4364 + 1,8 ⋅ 14,5771 = 57,3370

85
 Glava 2. TEMEL SAMEC, TEMEL POD STOLB

‡ Stati~ki golemini (metod na plo~a)

x 2A x 2 A2 x3A 1
M = pn,max − k1 − k2 = 278,156 ⋅ 2,25 ⋅ 1,152 −
2 4 6 2
1 1
− 37,6252 ⋅ 2,252 ⋅ 1,152 − 57,337 ⋅ 2,25 ⋅ 1,153 = 318,166 kNm
4 6
A 2,25
bst = = = 1,125 m
2 2
Za usvoena MB 20 i pretpostavena visina h t = 1,0 m:

6 ⋅ 318,166
σbzs = 1,26 MPa ⇒ ht = = 1,160 m
1,125 ⋅ 1260

‡ Stati~ki golemini (metod na ise~oci)

86
Temel samec od nearmiran beton

2,25 + 0,4
F = 0,225 ⋅ 2,25 + 0,925 = 0,50625 + 1,22563 = 1,73188 m2
2
0,925 2 ⋅ 2,25 + 0,4 0,225
1,22563 + 0,50625 ( + 0,925 )
3 2,25 + 0,4 2
s = = 0,7067 m
1,73188

pn = pn,max − k1 y − k2 x = 278,156 − 37,6252 y − 57,337 x

x = b2 − s = 1,15 − 0,7067 = 0,4433 m

pn = 278,156 − 37,6252 ⋅ 1,125 − 57,337 ⋅ 0,4433 = 210,41 kPa

Q = pn ⋅ F = 210,41⋅ 1,73188 = 364,405 kN

M = Q ⋅ s = 364,405 ⋅ 0,7067 = 257,525 kNm

A + ao 2,25 + 0,4
bst = = = 1,325 m
2 2
Za usvoena MB 20 i pretpostavena visina h t = 1,0 m:

⎛ 0,40 ⎞⎟
σbzs = 0,70 ⋅ 1,80 ⎜ 0,60 + = 1,26 MPa
⎜ 41,0 ⎟⎠
⎝

6 ⋅ 257,525
ht = = 0,962 m
1,325 ⋅ 1260

usvoeno: h t = 1,20 m
ht 1,20
tg α = = = 1,043 ⇒ α = 46,22°
b2 1,15

3) Konstruktivni karakteristiki.

87
 Glava 2. TEMEL SAMEC, TEMEL POD STOLB

4) Kontrola na napregawa.
G = GT + GP

GT = 2,80 ⋅ 2,25 ⋅ 1,20 ⋅ 24 + 0,50 ⋅ 0,40 ⋅ 0,30 ⋅ 25 = 182,94 kN

GP = (2,80 ⋅ 2,25 ⋅ 1,50 − 7,62) ⋅ 20 = 36,60 kN

G = 182,94 + 36,60 = 219,54 kN

P + G = 819,54 kN

P +G 6M 6 My 819,54 6 ⋅ 60 6 ⋅ 140
p max = ± 2x ± 2 = ± ± =
min F A B B A 2,80 ⋅ 2,25 2,25 2 ⋅ 2,80 2,80 2 ⋅ 2,25

⎧ 203,10
p max = 130,09 ± 25,39 ± 47,62 = ⎨ [kPa]
min ⎩ 57,08

σdoz − pmax 200 − 203,10

Δ= ⋅ 100 = ⋅100 = 1,55 % < (3 ÷ 5) %
σdoz 200

pmin = 57,08 kPa > 0

Zada~a 5. Da se presmeta temel pod stolb od nearmiran beton so ekscentri-

citet vo dva pravci za tovarite i uslovite dadeni na skicata.

88
Temel samec od nearmiran beton

1) Opredeluvawe na dimenzii vo osnova.

P = Pg + Pp = 200 + 50 = 250 kN
Mx = Mx,g + Mx,p = 50 + 30 = 80 kNm
My = My,g + My,p = 100 + 80 = 180 kNm
ao 0,4
k= = = 0,8
bo 0,5
k 2(σdoz − β γb Df ) B 3 − k ⋅ P ⋅ B − 6 ⋅ Mx − 6⋅ k ⋅ My = 0

0,82 ⋅ (200 − 0,85 ⋅ 24 ⋅ 1,5) B 3 − 0,8 ⋅ 250 B − 6 ⋅ 80 − 6 ⋅ 0,8 ⋅ 180 = 0

108,416 B 3 − 200 B − 1344 = 0

B 3 − 1,845 B − 12,397 = 0 ⇒ B = 2,579 m

B = 2,60 m ⇒ A = k ⋅ B = 2,10 m

P +G 6M 6 My
0< − 2x − 2 < σdoz
A⋅B A B B A
P + G = 250 + 0,85 ⋅ 24 ⋅ 2,60 ⋅ 2,10 ⋅ 1,50 = 417,076 kN
417,076 6 ⋅ 80 6 ⋅ 180
0< − − < 200
2,60 ⋅ 2,10 2,10 ⋅ 2,60
2
2,60 2 ⋅ 2,10
− 41,55 kPa < 0 ⇒ temel so reducirana povr{ina ili
simetri~en temel so golem ekscentricitet

2) Opredeluvawe na neutralnata oska.

‡ 1 iteracija

89
 Glava 2. TEMEL SAMEC, TEMEL POD STOLB

F = 2,10 ⋅ 2,60 = 5,46 m2

2,103 ⋅ 2,60 2,603 ⋅ 2,10
Jx = = 2,007 m4 Jy = = 3,076 m4
12 12
Jx 2,007 Jy 3,076
i x2 = = = 0,3676 m2 i y2 = = = 0,5633 m2
F 5,46 F 5,46
My 180 Mx 80
ex = = = 0,4316 m ey = = = 0,1918 m
P +G 417,076 P +G 417,076
i y2 0,5633 i x2 0,3676
ax = − =− = − 1,305 m ay = − =− = − 1,917 m
ex 0,4316 ey 0,1918

‡ 2 iteracija

90
Temel samec od nearmiran beton

F x y F⋅x F⋅y
triagolnik − 0,3696 0,2367 0,3470 − 0,08745 − 0,12823
pravoagolnik 5,46 1,30 1,05 7,098 5,733

Σ 5,0904 7,01055 5,60477

7,01055 5,60477
xc = = 1,377 m ; yc = = 1,101 m
5,0904 5,0904

F x y F ⋅ x2 F⋅y2 Jx Jy Jxy
pravoagol. 5,46 0,0772 0,051 0,03254 0,0142 2,007 3,076 0,0
triagolnik −0,3696 −1,1405 −0,754 −0,48075 −0,21012 −0,02225 −0,01035 0,00759

Σ 5,0904 −0,44821 −0,19592 1,98475 3,06565 0,00759

o
Jx = Jx + F ⋅ y 2 = 1,98475 − 0,19592 = 1,78883 m4
o
Jy = Jy + F ⋅ x 2 = 3,06565 − 0,44821 = 2,61744 m4

Jxy = 0,00759 + ( − 0,3696) ( −1,1405) ( − 0,754) + 5,46 ⋅ 0,0772 ⋅ 0,051

Jxy = − 0,2888 m4

M x = − (P + G ) ⋅ y + 80 = − 417,076 ⋅ 0,051 + 80 = 58,729 kNm

M y = − (P + G ) ⋅ x + 180 = − 417,076 ⋅ 0,077 + 180 = 147,802 kNm

My 147,802
ex = = = 0,35437 m
P +G 417,076
Mx 58,729
ey = = = 0,14081 m
P +G 417,076
2
J xy 0,28882
Jx − 1,78883 −
Jy 2,61744 = 1,374 m4
Jx r = =
ex Jxy 0,35437 − 0,2888
1− 1−
ey Jy 0,14081 2,61744
2
J xy 0,28882
Jy − 2,61744 −
Jx 1,78883
Jyr = = = 2,415 m4
ey Jxy 0,14081 − 0,2888
1− 1−
e x Jx 0,35437 1,78883

2 Jy r 2,415 2 Jx r 1,374
iy = = = 0,4744 m2 ; ix = = = 0,270 m2
F 5,0904 F 5,0904
2
iy 0,4744
ax = − =− = − 1,3387 m
ex 0,35437

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 Glava 2. TEMEL SAMEC, TEMEL POD STOLB

2
ix 0,270
ay = − =− = − 1,9175 m
ey 0,14081

‡ 3 iteracija

F x y F⋅x F⋅y
triagolnik − 0,4664 0,269 0,3853 − 0,1255 − 0,1797
pravoagolnik 5,46 1,30 1,05 7,098 5,733

Σ 4,9936 6,9725 5,5536

6,9725 5,5536
xc = = 1,396 m ; yc = = 1,112 m
4,9936 4,9936

F x y F ⋅ x2 F⋅y2 Jx Jy Jxy
pravoagol. 5,46 0,096 0,062 0,0503 0,021 2,007 3,076 0,0
triagolnik −0,4664 −1,127 −0,7267 −0,5924 −0,2463 −0,0346 −0,0169 0,0121

Σ 4,9936 −0,5421 −0,2253 1,9724 3,0591 0,0121

Jx = 1,9724 − 0,2253 = 1,7471 m4

Jy = 3,0591 − 0,5421 = 2,517 m4

Jxy = 0,0121 + ( − 0,4664) ( −1,127) ( − 0,7267) + 5,46 ⋅ 0,096 ⋅ 0,062

Jxy = − 0,3374 m4

M x = − 417,076 ⋅ 0,062 + 80 = 54,141 kNm

92
Temel samec od nearmiran beton

M y = − 417,076 ⋅ 0,096 + 180 = 139,961 kNm

My 139,961 Mx 54,141
ex = = = 0,3356 m ; ey = = = 0,1298 m
P +G 417,076 P +G 417,076
2
J xy 0,33742
Jx − 1,7471 −
Jy 2,517
Jx r = = = 1,264 m4
ex Jxy 0,3356 − 0,3374
1− 1−
ey Jy 0,1298 2,517
2
J xy 0,33742
Jy − 2,517 −
Jx 1,7471
Jyr = = = 2,282 m4
ey Jxy 0,1298 − 0,3374
1− 1−
ex Jx 0,3356 1,7471

2 Jy r 2,282 2 Jx r 1,264
iy = = = 0,4570 m2 ; ix = = = 0,2531 m2
F 4,9936 F 4,9936
2 2
iy 0,4570 ix 0,2531
ax = − =− = − 1,362 m ; ay = − =− = − 1,950 m
ex 0,3356 ey 0,1298

‡ 4 iteracija

F x y F⋅x F⋅y
triagolnik − 0,4708 0,2703 0,387 − 0,1273 − 0,1822
pravoagolnik 5,46 1,30 1,05 7,098 5,733

Σ 4,9892 6,9707 5,5508

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 Glava 2. TEMEL SAMEC, TEMEL POD STOLB

6,9707 5,5508
xc = = 1,397 m ; yc = = 1,113 m
4,9892 4,9892

F x y F ⋅ x2 F⋅y2 Jx Jy Jxy
pravoagol. 5,46 0,097 0,063 0,0514 0,0217 2,007 3,076 0,0
triagolnik −0,4708 −1,127 −0,726 −0,5980 −0,2482 −0,0353 −0,0172 0,0123

Σ 4,9892 −0,5466 −0,2265 1,9717 3,0588 0,0123

Jx = 1,9717 − 0,2265 = 1,7452 m4

Jy = 3,0588 − 0,5466 = 2,5122 m4

Jxy = 0,0123 + ( − 0,4708) ( −1,127) ( − 0,726) + 5,46 ⋅ 0,097 ⋅ 0,063

Jxy = − 0,3392 m4

M x = − 417,076 ⋅ 0,063 + 80 = 53,724 kNm

M y = − 417,076 ⋅ 0,097 + 180 = 139,543 kNm

My 139,543 Mx 53,724
ex = = = 0,3345 m ; ey = = = 0,1288 m
P +G 417,076 P +G 417,076
2
J xy 0,33922
Jx − 1,7452 −
Jy 2,5122
Jx r = = = 1,259 m4
e Jxy 0,3345 − 0,3392
1− x 1−
ey Jy 0,1288 2,5122
2
J xy 0,33922
Jy − 2,5122 −
Jx 1,7452
Jyr = = = 2,276 m4
ey Jxy 0,1288 − 0,3392
1− 1−
ex Jx 0,3345 1,7452

2 Jy r 2,276 2 Jx r 1,259
iy = = = 0,4562 m2 ; ix = = = 0,25 23 m2
F 4,9892 F 4,9892
2 2
iy 0,4562 ix 0,2523
ax = − =− = − 1,3638 m ; ay = − =− = − 1,959 m
ex 0,3345 ey 0,1288

Bidej}i vrednostite od poslednata ( 4 ) iteracija se mnogu bliski so onie od

prethodnata ( 3 ) iteracija, istite mo`at da se usvojat kako definitivni.

3) Opredeluvawe na reduciranite napregawa.

P +G M y − M x ( Jxy / Jx ) M x − M y ( Jxy / Jx )
p = + x + y
F 2 2
Jy (1 − Jxy / Jx ⋅ Jy ) Jx (1 − Jxy / Jx ⋅ Jy )

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Temel samec od nearmiran beton

Jxy − 0,3392
My − Mx = 139,543 − 53,724 = 149,985 kNm
Jx 1,7452
Jxy − 0,3392
Mx − My = 53,724 − 139,543 = 72,565 kNm
Jy 2,5122
2
Jxy − 0,3392 2
Jy − = 2,5122 − = 2,4462 m4
Jx 1,7452
2
Jxy − 0,3392 2
Jx − = 1,7452 − = 1,6994 m4
Jy 2,5122

a) Opredeluvawe na reduciranite neto napregawa.

250,0 149,985 72,565
p = + x + y
4,9892 2,4462 1,6994

p = 50,108 + 61,313 ⋅ x + 42,70 ⋅ y

To~ka x y P /F 61,313 ⋅ x 42,70 ⋅ y pn [kPa]

A −1,2029 −0,98749 50,108 −673,753 −42,166 −166,027
B −1,2029 −1,1125 50,108 −673,753 −47,504 −76,357
C −1,3971 −00,9875 50,108 −85,660 −42,166 086,614

b) Opredeluvawe na vkupen reaktiven pritisok.

417,076 149,985 72,565
p = + x + y
4,9892 2,4462 1,6994

p = 83,595 + 61,313 ⋅ x + 42,70 ⋅ y

To~ka x y P /F 61,313 ⋅ x 42,70 ⋅ y pn [kPa]

A −1,2029 −0,98749 83,595 −673,753 −42,166 −199,514
B −1,2029 −1,1125 83,595 −673,753 −47,504 −109,844
C −1,3971 −00,9875 83,595 −85,660 −42,166 0840,101
D −0,5864 −1,1125 83,595 −35,954 −47,504 0−0,137
E −1,3971 −0,04795 83,595 −85,660 0−2,047 0−0,018

4) Opredeluvawe na visinata na temelot.

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 Glava 2. TEMEL SAMEC, TEMEL POD STOLB

B − bo 2,60 − 0,50
b2 = = = 1,05 m
2 2
p max = 1,65 ⋅ pn,max = 1,65 ⋅ 166,027 = 273,945 kPa

p B = 1,65 ⋅ pn,B = 1,65 ⋅ 76,357 = 125,989 kPa

pC = 1,65 ⋅ pn,C = 1,65 ⋅ 6,614 = 10,913 kPa

273,945 − 125,989
k1 = = 70,455
2,10
273,945 − 10,913
k2 = = 101,166
2,60
p( x, y ) = p max − k1 y − k 2 x

‡ Stati~ki golemini (metod na plo~a)

96
Temel samec od nearmiran beton

x 2A x 2 A2 x3A 1
M = p max − k1 − k2 = 273,945 ⋅ 2,10 ⋅ 1,05 2 −
2 4 6 2
1 1
− 70,455 ⋅ 2,10 2 ⋅ 1,05 2 − 101,166 ⋅ 2,10 ⋅ 1,053 = 190,498 kNm
4 6
A 2,10
bst = = = 1,05 m
2 2
Za usvoena MB 20 i pretpostavena visina h t = 1,0 m:

6 ⋅ 190,498
σbzs = 1,26 MPa ⇒ ht = = 0,929 m
1,05 ⋅ 1260

‡ Stati~ki golemini (metod na ise~oci)

2,1 + 0,4
F = 0,20 ⋅ 2,10 + 0,85 = 0,42 + 1,0625 = 1,4825 m2
2
0,85 2 ⋅ 2,1 + 0,4 0,20
1,0625 + 0,42 ( + 0,85 )
3 2,1 + 0,4 2
s = = 0,6428 m
1,4825

pn = pn,max − k1 y − k2 x = 273,945 − 70,455 y − 101,166 x

x = b2 − s = 1,05 − 0,6428 = 0,4072 m

pn = 273,945 − 70,455 ⋅ 1,05 − 101,166 ⋅ 0,4072 = 158,772 kPa

Q = pn ⋅ F = 158,772 ⋅ 1,4825 = 235,379 kN

M = Q ⋅ s = 235,379 ⋅ 0,6428 = 151,302 kNm

A + ao 2,1 + 0,4
bst = = = 1,25 m
2 2

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 Glava 2. TEMEL SAMEC, TEMEL POD STOLB

Za usvoena MB 20 i pretpostavena visina h t = 1,0 m:

⎛ 0,40 ⎞⎟
σbzs = 0,70 ⋅ 1,80 ⎜ 0,60 + = 1,26 MPa
⎜ 41,0 ⎟⎠
⎝

6 ⋅ 151,302
ht = = 0,759 m
1,25 ⋅ 1260

usvoeno: h t = 0,95 m
ht 0,95
tg α = = = 0,905 ⇒ α = 42,14°
b2 1,05

5) Konstruktivni karakteristiki.

98