Transformations

Mrs. Dalila Hernandez

 4th grade TEKS
§111.6. Grade 4, Adopted 2012.
(b) Knowledge and skills.
• (1) Mathematical process standards. The student uses mathematical processes to acquire and
demonstrate mathematical understanding. The student is expected to:
• (D) communicate mathematical ideas, reasoning, and their implications using multiple representations,
including symbols, diagrams, graphs, and language as appropriate;
• (F) analyze mathematical relationships to connect and communicate mathematical ideas;
 Transformations:
Any one function from a plane to itself
that is a one-to-one correspondence.
Each original point in the plane has an
image point, known as prime, in the
transformed plane.
 Transformations:
*Special note for Transformations: if any
shape on a quadrant size is transformed into
any other quadrant, leave it to the same size
as the original, known as the pre-image.
A Transformation can be any of the
following geometric movements:
• Translation
• Reflection
• Rotation
Links for Transformations:
• https://www.khanacademy.org/math/geometry-home/transformations

• http://www.mathsisfun.com/geometry/transformations.html
 Translations:

A translation “slides” an object a fixed

distance in a given direction.
 Translations:
*Special note for Translations: original object
and its translation will have the same shape
and size.
Translation formula: T(h,k) (xy) = (x+h,
y+k)
x will move left or right, y will move up or
down.
Links for Translations:
• http://www.mathsisfun.com/geometry/translation.html

• https://www.khanacademy.org/math/ab-sixth-grade-math/shape-space/ab-
transformations/v/translation-example
 Reflections:
A Reflection is a flip where the letters are
reversed. It is a transformation in which
a geometric figure is reflected across a
line making a mirrored image.
 Reflections:
*Special note for Reflections :
Reflected over the x-axis, x-coordinate remains the same
while y-coordinate is its opposite. Example: P (x,y) => P’
(x, -y).
Reflected over the y-axis, y-coordinate remains the same
while x-coordinate is its opposite. Example: P (x,y) => P’
(-x, y).
Reflected over y=x line, x and y coordinate change
places. Example: P(x,y) => P’ (y,x).
Reflected over y=-x line, x and y coordinate change
places and the signs are changed. Example: P (x,y) =>
P’ (-y, -x).
Links for Reflections:
• http://www.mathsisfun.com/geometry/reflection.html

• https://www.khanacademy.org/math/basic-geo/basic-geo-transformations-
congruence/basic-geo-reflections/v/determining-reflections
 Rotations:

A Rotation is a circular movement

through a central point that stays fixed
while everything else moves.
 Rotations
Special note for Rotations:
-A positive angle rotation will be a
counterclockwise.
-A negative angle rotation will be
clockwise.
Links for Rotations:
• http://www.mathsisfun.com/geometry/rotation.html

• https://www.khanacademy.org/math/basic-geo/basic-geo-transformations-
congruence/basic-geo-rotations/v/defining-rotation-example