EXPERIMENT OF ANGIOSPERM PLANT

Objective: 1. To understand the structures and functions of the principle

part of insect-
pollinated Dicotyledonous flowers.
2. To identify the reproduction system in angiosperm plants.

Theory:

The flower is an angiosperm specialized for sexual reproduction. In

many angiosperm species, insects or other animals transfer pollen from one
flower to the female sex organs on another flower, which makes pollination
more directed than the wind-dependent pollination of most gymnosperms.

A flower is a specialized shoot that can have up to four rings of

modified leaves called floral organs; sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels.

The angiosperm flower also has their own reproduction system. There
are some of the organs are involved in the reproduction process which are
ovary, ovule, pollen grains, pollen tube, stigma and style.

Apparatus/method:

Razor blades
1. Petri dish
2. Forceps
3. Iodine solution
4. Dippers
5. Microscope slide
6. Microscope
7. Cover slips
 8. Tooth pick
9. White tiles

Materials:

1. Flowers

Procedure:

1. The flowers were cut into two equal halves using a sharp scalpel.
2. The dissect ovary of the flowers was put on the microscope slide
using a pair of forceps.
3. A drop of water was mounted the dissection of ovary of the flower
on the slide.
4. An iodine solution was stained on the specimen.
5. Then, the specimen was examined under the microscope.
6. A large labeled drawing of the dissected flower was made as well as
the floral diagrams.
7. The scale of drawing was stated.
8. Procedure 1 until 2 was repeated to observed by using hand lens.

Discussion:
1. The flower is an angiosperm specialized for sexual reproduction.
2. Flower that have all four floral parts are called complete flower.
Some flower has fewer floral parts and called incomplete flowers.
3. The most important reproductive parts are stamens and carpels
because they are directly involved in sexual reproduction. The
other floral parts are sterile..
4. Flowers play a key role in pollination. Pollination is the transfer of pollen which
containing the male gametes, from the anther of a flower, to the stigma is the
receptive surface of the female part of the flower of the same or a different
flower.
5. The stigma is the top most structure in the carpel and it forms the receptive
surface for pollen grains. The style is the neck portion of the carpelthat connects
the stigma to the ovary. The pollen tube formed needs to travel down this style in
order to reach the ovum.
6. The ovary is oval in shape and sits on the petal base. It bears one or more
ovules and will turn into the fruit after fertilization. In sexual reproduction pollens
must be transferred to the female reproductive structure to initiate fertilization.
Each pollen grain formed consists of two cells which will differentiate to from the
pollen tube and male gametes when it touches the female reproductive part.
Conclusion:
Sexual reproduction will be be discussed with reference to the flowering
plants, the angiosperms. The sporophyte of the angiosperm is the diploid
generation, larger in size and nutritionally indepent. In many angiosperm
species, insects or other animals transfer pollen from one flower to the
female sex organs on another flower, which makes pollination more directed
than the wind-dependent pollination of most gymnosperms.