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  • Concepts of Surgery (History)

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    This document provides a brief overview of important figures and developments in the history of surgery. Some of the key people and advances mentioned include Hippocrates' emphasis on cleanliness in ancient Greece, Robert Koch's identification of the tuberculosis bacillus and use of antiseptics in the 19th century, Joseph Lister's pioneering use of antiseptic techniques like carbolic acid, and the development of anesthesia by physicians like Morton and Wells in the 1840s. The document traces surgical concepts and practices from ancient times through the modern era.

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    This document provides a brief overview of important figures and developments in the history of surgery. Some of the key people and advances mentioned include Hippocrates' emphasis on cleanliness in ancient Greece, Robert Koch's identification of the tuberculosis bacillus and use of antiseptics in the 19th century, Joseph Lister's pioneering use of antiseptic techniques like carbolic acid, and the development of anesthesia by physicians like Morton and Wells in the 1840s. The document traces surgical concepts and practices from ancient times through the modern era.

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    45 views2 pages

    Concepts of Surgery (History)

    Uploaded by

    chebbie
    This document provides a brief overview of important figures and developments in the history of surgery. Some of the key people and advances mentioned include Hippocrates' emphasis on cleanliness in ancient Greece, Robert Koch's identification of the tuberculosis bacillus and use of antiseptics in the 19th century, Joseph Lister's pioneering use of antiseptic techniques like carbolic acid, and the development of anesthesia by physicians like Morton and Wells in the 1840s. The document traces surgical concepts and practices from ancient times through the modern era.

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    CONCEPTS OF SURGERY Robert Koch (1879)

     TB bacilli
    Hippocrates (460 BC)  Koch infxn
     Father of Medicine  Bichloride of mercury as antiseptic
     Asepsis = use of wine/ boiling H20 for
    irrigating wounds Bigelow (1878)
     Method of crushing bladder stones and
    Galen (AD 131-120) washing of fragments from bladder
     Greek surgeon
     Boiling of instruments in the care of Earnest Von Bergmann (1886)
    wounded gladiators  Steam chloride
     Bichloride soln for sterilization of
    Vesalius (16th century) instruments and linens
     Chief founders of modern anatomy
     Animal experimentation Roentgen (1985)
     Suppuration = essential part of healing  X-ray
    process
    Madam Curie
    Dr. McDowell  Radium (1898)
     1st ovariotomy in 1809
     Px survived for 31 yrs Ambroise Pare
     Military surgeon = dressing wounds and
    Soranus of Ephesus artificial limbs
     Founder of gynecology  Dulled pain by compressing bld vessels
     1st vaginal hysterectomy (1818) and nerves near the area

    Ignaz Semmelweis (1818-1865) Joseph Lister


     Handwashing  Use of carbolic soln on dressing
     Purpural fever in Vienna  Sutures soaked in antiseptic (prevent
    infxn)
    Oliver Wendell Holmes
     Puerperal fever Sr. James Young Simpson
     “anesthesia” (Greek for (-) sensation)  Chloroform
     Oppose technique of Lister
    Philadelphia obstetrics
     Infxn = act of providence or accident Dr. William Stewart Halsted
     Use of rubber gloves from harsh
    Louis Pasteur (1860) antiseptic
     Fermentation = use of heat  Px skin should be scrubbed
     Mask
    Reverdin (1869)
     Pinch grafts
    Dr. Phillip Syng Physick (19th century) Hindus
     Body absorbs sutures made from  Grafting on tissues to form noses
    animal tissues (cow intestines)
    Joseph Priestly
    *Lister’s antiseptic technique  O2 and nitrous oxide in operation
     Suture and ligature
     Contribution – sterilization and Morton and Wells (1846)
    popularization of surgical gut  Dentists
     Nitrous oxide for tooth extraction
    Egaz Moniz  Morton – ether for surgical anesthesia
     Portuguese physician
     1st cerebral angiography (1927) Dr. Chavalier Jackson
     Visualize R chamber of heart and  Developed laryngoscope as aid in
    pulmonary vessels using Forsmann intubation
    technique
    Dr. Heidbrink and Dr. Boothy
    Forsmann (1929)  Gas machines and face masks
     Characterized R atrium by passing
    urethral catheter into veins of R arm Dr. George Crule and Harvey Cushing
     Not successful in injecting radiopaque  Importance of keeping accurate records
    substance to visualize pulmonary of px’s condition during surgery
    vessels (anesthesiologist)

    Walter E. Dundy Hetenerant Lithotomist


     Replacing fluid in ventricles with air and  Removal of stones from bladder thru
    subject to radiography incision
     Earliest known operations
    Greek and Roman surgeons
     Wine and vinegar mixture Harvey Cushing
     “potion of the condemned” – used to  Sphygmomanometer invented in Italy
    relieve anguish/ pain and brought to America (1959)
     Carbonated stone and vinegar –  1st clnical use of EEG
    numbing sensation = CO2 formed

    *cesarian section – from Julius Cesar (1st baby


    born)

    Arabian surgeons
     Harp strings for sutures from sheep
    intestines (twisted and sun dried)

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