Crusading Warfare

Exploring the Military History of the Crusades

William James Hamblin
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Blue boxes reference primary
sources, and provide
quotations from primary
sources.

Gold boxes contains

references to secondary
sources.

White boxes are summaries

of primary sources.
Color coded
Green text boxes are my
analysis, notes, commentary,
and explanations.
text boxes
Brown text boxes provide
place and location names
1/11- Antioch Campaign
1- Coxon to Artah
9 October to 21 October 1097
 0 25 50 k
March from Iconium to Antioch Te
le
bo
1097/08-10
H as
aly
s Danishmendids Mengujekids Saltuqids
(Saltuq)
Qi (Danishmend
4- {09/21} Crusaders Ghazi) (Mengujek)
{1090?-1102}
arrive at Caesarea Da {1090?-1118} Su )
{1085?-1104} Arsa
nias
(M
urat

Phrygia i lirm
ak
4
Kiz
Caesarea

Cappadocia 5- {09/30} Crusaders at

Melitene
Philomelium 5 Plastnezia (= Comana?)

3- {09/14} Departure of Plastenzia

Tancred and Baldwin 6- {10/04} Crusaders
Elbistan
for Cilicia 6 at Coxon (Goksun)
Iconium Anti- Coxon Tigris
Tauru
✝ 1
3
n
s rmen7-ia{10/13}
s MtA Crusaders
Amid

Lycaonia ns atsMarash
Principalite
a i

han
Cilician Gates n t s
u 7 Samosata ate

Sey
Rum Seljuqs
1- {08/15} Crusaders o ha
n
up h r
2 s M Sis Ce
y
Marash
E
capture Iconium ru
u

s
Heraclea
(Qilich Arslan)

ru
Ta

Sa
8- {10/17} Baldwin
2- {09/01} Crusaders Cilicia
{1092-1107}
C capture Heraclea
marches for Edessa
aly
ca
Edessa
dn Adana 8 Aintab
us us
m
yra
P
Mamistra
Tarsus Harran
Gr
eat
er
Alexandretta Zab

Pamphylia Belen Pass Manbij l

Mosu a)
Gok
su
Antioch rb o g h
(Ke 1102}

h
9- {10/21} Crusaders arrive at

lik
Seleucia (Yaghi-Siyan) -

Ba
Antioch; siege begins
9 Antioch
{1086-1098}
Aleppo {1095
St Simeon
Aleppo (Ridwan)
an
t es {1095-1113}
r
O Euphr
ates
Raqqa

Latakia
t ine
y zan
B
 Vahka ♜
✝ Ra Gerger
Expedition of Peter the Seneschal
Behesni 1097/10/09-12
Constantine {??}
Rupenids uk
ald
BSamosata
Constantine Marash
{1095-1102} Pardzerpert ♜ Kaysun
Marash
Sis Thatoul
{1087-1104} Keysun Raban

Kogh Vasil
{1087?-1112} ♜
1 Marzban Edessa
♜
1- Rumors of Flight of Turks from AntiochQalat {10/09-12}
al-Rum Thoros
[GF 4/11c=27 + RM 3.28]
♜ Duluk {1094-1098}
Count Raymond [of Toulouse], hearing that the Turkish garrison Edessa
Sarvantikar ♜ held a council and decided to send thither
of Antioch had made off,
some of his knights, so that they could take charge of it. Those
Aintab
whom he appointed for this mission were Peter the seneschal of
♜ Biraof
Castillon, William of Montpellier, Peter of Roaix, Peter Raymond
Hautpoul and five hundred knights [militibus]. Saruj
s

Ravendel
Mt

♜ Haran
♜
s
aeu

Turbessel Jerablus
Am

Cyrrhus
Ayas
Antioch
(Yaghi-Siyan)
{1086-1098} Azaz
Aleppo
Alexandretta
Darbsak
(Ridwan) Mosul
♜ {1095-1113} Manbij ♜
Qalat al-Najm (Kerbogha)
Syrian
Gates
{1095-1102}
♜
Bagras

Artah
Tall Aghdi

Antioch Harim Aleppo

St Simeon ♜
Rusa?
 Vahka ♜
✝ Gerger
Expedition of Peter the Seneschal
Behesni 1097/10/09-12
Constantine {??}
Rupenids uk
ald
BSamosata
Constantine Marash
{1095-1102} Pardzerpert ♜ Kaysun
Marash
Sis Thatoul
{1087-1104} Keysun Raban

Kogh Vasil
{1087?-1112} ♜
Marzban Edessa
♜
Qalat al-Rum Thoros
♜ Duluk {1094-1098}
Sarvantikar ♜ Edessa

Aintab
2- {10/13} ♜ Bira
Most of the knights rejoin Saruj
the main crusader army at
some point.
s

Ravendel
Mt

♜ Haran
♜ 1b- {10/13}
s
aeu

Turbessel
2 Publicans =Jerablus
Paulicians?
Am

Paulicians were a dualistic Christian sect in the

Cyrrhus
Ayas Byzantine empire, who flourished from the 7th-9th
Antioch centuries in eastern Anatolia and Armenia. Some small
(Yaghi-Siyan) communities still existed at the time of the crusades.
1a- Rumors prove False{10/11-12}
{1086-1098} Aleppo Their ideas may have influenced the Bogomils in the
1 Azaz
[GF 4/11c=27 + RM 3.28]
Alexandretta
Darbsak
(Ridwan)
These men came into a valley near Antioch and reached a
Balkans, and Cathars (Albigensians) in southern France.
Mosul
♜ Ra {1095-1113} Manbij ♜
castle held by the Paulicians [Publicans = Publicanorum],
Qalat al-Najm (Kerbogha)
Syrian where they heard that the Turks were in the city and were {1095-1102}
Gates preparing to defend it in strength.
♜
Bagras
3b- {10/15}
The Valley of Rugia (Ruj)
Artah 3a- Capture of “Rusa” {10/13-15}
Tall Aghdi Rugia/Ruj is the valley of the Orantes to the south of
[GF 4/11c=27 + RM 3.28]
3 Harim.
Peter of Roaix left the others and approached Antioch on the following night, entering
The exact location of Rusa is unknown.
Antioch Harim the valley of Rugia where Aleppo
he found Turks and Saracens whom he attacked, killing many
Since Peter of Roaix is in charge of this scouting
of them and driving the others into headlong flight. When the Armenians who lived in
expedition, most of original 500 knights under Peter the
this country saw that he had been so brave in defeating the pagans they surrendered to
St Simeon ♜ Seneschal probably rejoined the main army. Peter had
him at once, and he immediately occupied the city of Rusa and many castles.
Rusa? perhaps 100 knights for this scouting expedition.
 Vahka ♜ Gerger
1 March from Coxon to Marash
Behesni 1097/10/09-12
Constantine {??}
Rupenids uk
ald
BSamosata
Constantine 1- March from Coxon to Marash {10/09-12}
{1095-1102} Pardzerpert ♜ ✝ Marash
[GF 4/11c=27 + RM 3.28] Kaysun
Marash We, who stayed at Coxon, set out and began to cross a
Thatoul damnable mountain, which was so high and steep that
Sis
none of our men dared to overtake another on the
{1087-1104} mountainKeysun Raban
path. Horses fell over the precipice, and one
beast of burdenVasil
Kogh dragged another down. As for the
knights, they stood about in
♜ a great state of gloom,
{1087?-1112}
wringing their hands because they were so frightened Edessa
Marzban
and miserable, not knowing what to do with ♜themselves
Qalat al-Rum Thoros
and their armour, and offering to sell their shields,
♜ valuable breastplates
Duluk and helmets for three-pence or {1094-1098}
Edessa
Sarvantikar fivepence or ♜any price they could get. Those who
could not find a buyer threw their arms away and
went on. When we had crossed that accursed mountain
Aintab
we came to a city called Marash. ♜ Bira
Saruj
s

Ravendel
Mt

♜ Haran
♜
s
aeu

Turbessel Jerablus
Am

Cyrrhus
Ayas

Azaz
Aleppo
Alexandretta
Darbsak
(Ridwan) Mosul
♜ {1095-1113} Manbij ♜
Qalat al-Najm (Kerbogha)
Syrian
Gates
{1095-1102}
♜
Bagras
Antioch
(Yaghi-Siyan) Artah
Tall Aghdi
{1086-1098}
Antioch Harim Aleppo

St Simeon
 Vahka ♜ Gerger
1 Crusaders rest at Marash
Behesni 1097/10/13-15
Constantine {??}
Rupenids 1- {10/11-13} Crusaders march to
uk
Marash; Turks flee the city at their ald
BSamosata
Constantine approach [AA 3.27a] 2a- Rest at Marash {10/13-15}
{1095-1102} Pardzerpert ♜ ✝ Marash
[FC 1.14.2]
Kaysun
Marash 2 We rested quietly [at Marash] for three days. But when
we had marched a day's journey from there and were
Sis Thatoul now not farther than three days from Antioch of Syria,
3- {10/14} {1087-1104} Keysun Raban
Baldwin joins the main 2b-Vasil
Kogh {10/13}
crusader army at Marash, Death of Baldwin’s
♜ wife Godevere;
discovering his wife’s death. {1087?-1112} Edessa
3 Crusaders camp outside the city, they
Marzban
Ba purchase supplies at the market♜ Thoros
Qalat al-Rum
[AA 3.27b]
♜ Duluk {1094-1098}
Sarvantikar ♜ Edessa

Aintab
♜ Bira
Saruj
s

Ravendel
Mt

♜ Haran
♜
s
aeu

Turbessel Jerablus
Am

Cyrrhus
Ayas

Azaz
Aleppo
Alexandretta
Darbsak
(Ridwan) Mosul
♜ {1095-1113} Manbij ♜
Qalat al-Najm (Kerbogha)
Syrian
Gates
{1095-1102}
♜
Bagras
Antioch
(Yaghi-Siyan) Artah
Tall Aghdi
{1086-1098}
Antioch Harim Aleppo

St Simeon
 Vahka ♜ Gerger
Robert of Flanders’ Expedition to Artah
Behesni 1097/10/14
Constantine {??}
Rupenids uk
ald
BSamosata
Constantine 1
{1095-1102} Pardzerpert
1- {10/13} ♜ ✝ Marash
Kaysun
Christians from Artah—a city near Antioch
Marash
Sis —request the Crusaders to come help them Thatoul
drive out the Turks. {1087-1104} Keysun Raban
[AA 3.28a]
Kogh Vasil
{1087?-1112} ♜
Marzban Edessa
♜
Qalat al-Rum Thoros
♜ Duluk {1094-1098}
2 Edessa
Sarvantikar ♜

Aintab
♜ Bira
RF Saruj
s

3- {10/mid} Tancred Ravendel

Mt

♜ Haran
marches through the ♜
s
aeu

Belen Pass into the Turbessel Jerablus

Am

Antiochine plains to join

Cyrrhus
Ayas the main crusader army at 2- Robert marches to Artah {10/14}
Antioch. [Ralph 44c] [AA 3.28a →WT 4.7b]
When he learnt this, Robert of Flanders rose from the
2
Aleppo
army, taking with him … a thousand armoured men, and
Ta Azaz
Alexandretta
Darbsak
(Ridwan)
they went down to the town of Artah [Artesium]. Mosul
♜ {1095-1113} Manbij ♜
3
Qalat al-Najm (Kerbogha)
Syrian
Gates
{1095-1102}
♜
Bagras
Antioch
(Yaghi-Siyan)
{1086-1098} Artah Tall Aghdi

Antioch Harim Aleppo

St Simeon ♜
Rusa?
 Vahka ♜ Gerger
Independent Crusader Expeditions
Behesni 1097
Constantine {??}
Rupenids uk
ald
BSamosata
Constantine Marash
{1095-1102} Pardzerpert ♜ Kaysun
Marash
Sis Thatoul
{1087-1104} Keysun Raban

Kogh Vasil
1- Tancred to Cilicia
{1087?-1112} ♜
Marzban Edessa 8- Baldwin to Edessa
1 ♜ (Thoros)
Qalat al-Rum Thoros
♜ Duluk {1094-1098}
Sarvantikar ♜
8 Edessa

Aintab
2 2- Baldwin to Cilicia ♜ Bira
7- Baldwin to Saruj
Turbessel (Bagrat)
7
s

Ravendel
Mt

♜ Haran
♜
s
aeu

Turbessel Jerablus
Am

3- Winemer naval Cyrrhus

Ayas 3

Azaz
Aleppo Independent Crusader Expeditions
The crusaders sent out numerous independent side expeditions in
Alexandretta
Darbsak
(Ridwan)
addition to their main march. Mosul
♜ {1095-1113} ♜
Manbij never recorded
Many were probably
Qalat al-Najm
by the historians of the (Kerbogha)
Syrian crusades {1095-1102}
Gates Many were scouting and foraging expeditions
4- Peter the Seneschal
♜ 4
to Antioch Bagras
Many were probably defeats, where the crusaders were
6- Roger of Flanders unsuccessful or killed or captured
Antioch to Artah The recorded independent expeditions—excepting the pirate
(Yaghi-Siyan) Winemer—were all initiated by reports from Armenians
{1086-1098} Artah 6
Tall Aghdi
requesting Crusader help.
None of these independent expeditions required a major siege
Antioch Harim Aleppo or battle; generally the Turkish garrisons fled, or the Armenians
betrayed the city or castle to the crusaders (as one does at Antioch)
St Simeon 5 5- Peter of Roaix to
the Ruj Valley
 Crusading Warfare
Next = 1/11/2: Battle of Artah

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