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NeelimaPaper1 EXAMPLE
NeelimaPaper1 EXAMPLE
NeelimaPaper1 EXAMPLE
I. DEM Revenue
AND Increase
Also, an additional voltage rise phenomenon through
Reductio
every transformer from the generation source to the capacitors
n occurs due to the application of capacitors, which is
independent of load and power factor of line, and can be
Where: expressed as:
Δ$G = annual benefits due to released generation capacity, $/yr
Δ$S = annual benefits due to distribution substation capacity, Q l
$/yr %VRT C ,3 xT (5)
S
Δ$F = annual benefits due to released feeder capacity, $/yr T ,3
Δ$ACE = annual benefits due to conserved energy, $/yr
Δ$GBCE = additional annual revenue due to increase kWh Where:
energy consumption, $/yr % VRT = percent voltage rise through transformer
Δ$T = annual benefits due to released transmission capacity, ST ,3 = total three-phase transformer rating, kVA
$/yr
xT = percent transformer reactance (approximately equal to
transformer’s impedance)
In our work, we will discuss the benefits of the
installation of shunt capacitors from the perspective of
reduced energy losses and reduced voltage drops.
EPSP 078 3
III. PRACTICAL CASE STUDY: POWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENT transformers that feed the industrial customers through 12 kV
FOR AN INDUSTRIAL 11 KV SUBSTATION feeders. The single-line diagram of the substation is shown in
Figure 1. Here, the bus1, which is supplied by utility grid, is
The power factor correction using shunt capacitors treated as generation bus for making further calculations and
have been applied to an existing 11 kV substation. This simulations easier and convenient.
substation is a part of power distribution network of A.P.
power system. The 11 kV substations have two 66 kV/33 kV
00.9
.922
00.9
.900
00.8
.888
00.8
.866
00.8
.844
00.8
.822
00.8
.800
00.7
.788
00.7
.766
00.7
.744
44/7
/7/2
/2000077 2
233:5
:59
9:0
:00
0 (H:M
(H:M:S)
:S) 4 /8 /2 0 0 7
11:5
:500:0
:000.0
.00000 PM
PM 44 Hours
Hours/Div
/Div 1 :4 9 :0 0 .0 0 0 PM
Figure 2(a). Time trends of power factor over 24 hours (summer condition)
00.9
.955
00.9
.900
00.8
.855
00.8
.800
00.7
.755
11/3
/311/2
/2000088 2
233:5
:58
8:4
:40
0 ((H:M
H:M:S)
:S) 2 /1 /2 0 0 8
33:2
:211:0
:000.0
.00000 PM
PM 44 Hours
Hours/Div
/Div 3 :1 9 :4 0 .0 0 0 PM
Figure 2(b). Time trends of power factor over 24 hours (winter condition)
.
EPSP 078 4
From Table 1, the total power losses in the network are From Table 2, the total power losses in the network are
0.036MW (36kW). 0.036MW (36kW). The losses decreases from 0.036 MW
(36kW) to 0.024 MW (24kW)
Simulation with adding the shunt capacitors
EDSA power flow program has been used to Energy Saving Due Power Factor Improvement
calculate the total network power losses. Power flow The total reduction in the power losses is
solution has been obtained using Newton-Raphson method. calculated as:
The power flow with shunt capacitors is shown in Figure 4.
From Figure 4, it can be observed that the power factor has ΔPloss = Ploss, before cap – Ploss, after cap
been improved to 0.9478.
Ploss= 0.036- 0.024= 0.012 MW= 12kW∆
IV CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES