DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MODIFIED

TOLLBOOTH SYSTEM USING FPGA

D.S Shylu1 J.Murali Shankar2 B.Marcello Samprass3 M.Harish Reddy4
School of Electrical Sciences Karunya Institute of Technology Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
1
shylusam@karunya.edu 2juturumuralishankar@karunya.edu.in

Abstract— This work represents an implementation of mobility and safety to improve the productivity by the
number plate recognition for automatic toll collection use of emerging technologies and is built up of various
using FPGA. The objective is to design an efficient types of technology-based systems which are
automatic vehicle identification system by using the RFID categorized into intelligent vehicle systems and
reader and RFID tag and to implement it for various
infrastructure systems. Among them, Automated
applications such as automatic toll collection, traffic
control, stolen cars etc. Since it is easier and faster than
License Plate Recognition (LPR) Systems play an
the normal token based ticket system, it has the potential important role in various real-time applications
to interchange the usual system. Hence the user to wait in including the following systems traffic monitoring
the long queue near the toll booth. It saves the valuable systems border crossing control systems identification
time of the users In this system after reading the RFID tag of stolen vehicles red light violation systems vehicle
it does the opening and closing of the gate automatically. A tracking systems speed control systems without the
detection device is placed at the gate which reads the human control.
information from the coming vehicle and compares it with In the first stage of process position of number plate
stored database. After that, it gives permission to access to
present on a vehicle is determined by adjusting the
move through the gate This system has low complexity
and it takes less time to recognize the characters on a resolution, height & width of the image using
number plate. This system helps to assist RTO, local MATLAB. In this extraction of number plate from
department to trace the vehicle if it was stolen or used for every RFID tag to compare the details present in our
any illegal activities. The proposed smart card has been database.
designed using very (high-speed integrated circuit)
hardware description language (VHDL) and simulated. II. Proposed system
The proposed system makes sure that the traffic at the
toll gates is streamlined and security is also present. The
Keywords—number plate recognition, RFID reader,
RFID taggas sensor, pressure sensor, fpga. tax which is collected is based on the load carried by
the vehicle. Through this system, we can also identify
stolen vehicles
I. INTRODUCTION
With the increasing number of the vehicle in today's
world, it's own the number. It's a time-consuming
process and requires manpower. Furthermore, the data
stored manually is not readable after a long time. So to
overcome all these limitations here we tried to develop
a system which would automatically detect the number
plate and store it in its database. Later on when the
information is required one can get it. This process also
helps to get the correct result compared to manually
one. The process of working involves that as soon as
the vehicle enters the secured area the system
automatically captures the images and stores it. The
processing of the image is done through the software
stored in the system. If the vehicle matches the already
stored information then it's allowed to pass the gate.
And if the vehicle is not recognized or if it's marked on Fig 1: Block diagram of ANPR
the blocked list then it's not allowed to cross the gate
and further checking process are followed. An
Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) system
has the function of tracking, identifying and monitoring
the vehicles. The main aim of Intelligent
Transportation System is to exploit the transportation

Fig 2: RFID Reader
In our project RFID reader as shown in figure 2 is
placed at the gate. It reads the data and compares it with
the data in the database in the PC and allows the access
accordingly by opening/closing the gate.
Fig 3: RFID Tag
Here we use a passive RFID tag as shown in figure 3
Passive RFID tags are the most physically robust RFID
tags. A passive tag is an RFID tag does not contain a
battery and the power is supplied by the reader. Such
tags can have memory anywhere from 64 bits to 1KB.
When an RFID reader has to read data in the tag, radio
waves from the reader are encountered by an RFID tag,
the coiled antenna within the tag forms a magnetic field.
The tag draws power from it, energizing the circuits in
the tag. The tag then retrieves and sends the information
encoded in the tag’s memory.
Fig 4: Gas Sensor (type-MQ2)
A gas sensing element is used when a vehicle carries
any flammable gas that shouldn't be carried. If
flammable gas is detected, RF transmitter is used to
alert nearby police station associated. A buzzer is
activated to alert nearby area. To sense flammable gas
or any kind of smoke present in the vehicle. Gas sensor
MQ2 is used. It is an analog type of sensor. This sensor
detects a pressure of smoke & sends an analog image to
FPGA. It is also used as the gas leakage detecting
device. It detects H2, LPG, Alcohol, smoke or propane.
Fig 5: Pressure Sensor
To count the number of vehicles passed by the gate,
pressure sensing element is used. These counted
numbers are displayed on a screen. This pressure
sensing element also measures the weight of vehicles,
depending on weight measured, predefined amount i.e.
tax will be taken. This is also displayed on a screen .
OPERATION (GIVE CHAPTER NO.)
Operation of the pressure sensor is very simple. Here
we have two plates that is one is input plate and the
other is output plate, whenever pressure is applied as
shown in figure 5 then these two plates come into
contact we get voltage as an output then this output is
send to the FPGA in turn it shows the weight of the
vehicles is shown in the display. Accordingly, toll tax is
calculated. It is made up of a piezoelectric crystal.
Fig 6: FPGA Spartan 3AN
Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are
semiconductor devices that are based around a matrix of
configurable logic blocks (CLBs) connected via
programmable interconnects. FPGAs can be
reprogrammed to the desired application or
functionality requirements. All the inputs mentioned in
the above are connected to FPGA and accordingly it
functions as per the operation.
Fig 7: RF Transmitter
RF TRANSMITTER
An RF transmitter generates radio frequency waves in
its circuits, and to the carrier signal, it adds the
information part by modulating the carrier signal. This
composite signal (carrier plus information) is then fed
to an antenna. Whenever it receives the signal from
FPGA it automatically transmits the signal to the nearby
police station.
The antenna induces a corresponding signal into the
atmosphere, by altering the Electric and Magnetic fields
at the same frequency. The following are its features.
 Range in open space(Standard Conditions) : 100
Meters
· TX Frequency Range: 433.92 MHz
· TX Supply Voltage: 3V ~ 6V
· TX Out Put Power: 4 ~ 12 dBm
 Low Power Consumption
· Easy To Application
Fig 8: RF Receiver
RF RECEIVER
An RF receiver receives the signal from the
atmosphere, from its own antenna. The receiver antenna
is often quite simple and the signal level is typical of a
few microvolts. This gets rid of unwanted signals and
amplifies only the wanted ones. It receives the signal
from the transmitter. The following are its features
 Range in open space(Standard Conditions) : 100
Meters
· RX Receiver Frequency: 433 MHz
· RX Typical Sensitivity: 105 Dbm
· RX Supply Current: 3.5 mA
· RX IF Frequency: 1MHz
 Low Power Consumption
· Easy To Application
· RX Operating Voltage: 5V
Fig 9: DC Motor
The steel can form the body of the motor in addition to
an axle, a nylon end cap, and two battery leads. If the
battery leads of the motor are hooked up to a flashlight
battery, the axle will spin. If leads are reversed, it will
spin in the opposite direction. Here are two other views
of the same motor. The nylon end cap is held in place
by two tabs that are part of the steel can. By bending the
tabs back, the end cap can be made free and remove it.
This motor helps the pole in the toll gate to open and
close accordingly as per the instructions are given.
Fig 10: Relay
The relay uses an electromagnet. This is a device
consisting of a coil of wire wrapped around an iron
core. When electricity is applied to the coil of wire
becomes magnetized, hence the term is called
electromagnet. The AB and C terminals are an SPDT
switch which is controlled by the electromagnet. When
electricity is applied to V1 and V2, the electromagnet
acts upon the SPDT switch so that the B and C
terminals are connected. When the electricity is
disconnected, then the A and C terminals are connected.
It is important to note that the electromagnet is
magnetically linked to the switch but the two are NOT
linked electrically.
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This shows all the components like motor and gas
module, RF transmitter, RF receiver, RFID reader RFID
Tag. These modules work simultaneously which is
controlled by FPGA. Here RFID reader uses to read the
information from the RFID Tag which is installed in all
the vehicles. The information is compared with the data
in PC database. If the vehicle is found to be stolen then
it alters the surroundings and through the RF transmitter
it signals the RF receiver which is in the nearby police
station. Similarly the same procedure is carried out
when a gas is detected by a gas sensor.
Pressure sensor is used to detect the pressure of the
vehicle and accordingly the toll tax is detected from
their account automatically. The program is loaded into
the FPGA first using Xilinx software. Then using visual
basic we implement in system. Visual basic window is
opened first. The port numbers are entered based on the
com ports that are connected.
Fig:11 Over all Hardware Results.
After the reader identifies the tag the vehicle details are
displayed
Fig 12:Layout window.
CONCLUSION
Our system is a user-friendly toll fee method which can
save time and reduce traffic congestion at toll gates and
provide the solution for users to reach their destination
without wastage of time. It gives the toll authorities the
flexibility to set variable pricing for toll services and
thus a fair policy of tax collection can be followed. This
way there is no loss incurred by a person carrying a
vacant vehicle.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors are grateful to the management of KITS
and VLSI Lab of the Department of Electrical Sciences,
ECE, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences for
facilitating this project work.
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